Discussion: Categorical Data Analysis

As with the previous week’s Discussion, this Discussion assists in solidifying your understanding of statistical testing by engaging in some data analysis. This week you will once again work with a real, secondary dataset to construct a research question, perform categorical data analysis that answers the question, and interpret the results.

Whether in a scholarly or practitioner setting, good research and data analysis should have the benefit of peer feedback. For this Discussion, you will post your response to the hypothesis test, along with the results. Be sure and remember that the goal is to obtain constructive feedback to improve the research and its interpretation, so please view this as an opportunity to learn from one another.

To prepare for this Discussion:

· Review Chapters 10 and 11 of the Frankfort-Nachmias & Leon-Guerrero course text and the media program found in this week’s Learning Resources related to bivariate categorical tests.

· Create a research question using the General Social Survey dataset that can be answered using categorical analysis.

By Day 3

Use SPSS to answer the research question. Post your response to the following:

1. What is your research question?

2. What is the null hypothesis for your question?

3. What research design would align with this question?

4. What dependent variable was used and how is it measured?

5. What independent variable is used and how is it measured?

6. If you found significance, what is the strength of the effect?

7. Explain your results for a lay audience and further explain what the answer is to your research question.

Be sure to support your Main Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.

Frankfort-Nachmias, C., & Leon-Guerrero, A. (2018). Social statistics for a diverse society (8th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

· Chapter 9, “Bivariate Tables” (pp. 235-268)

· Chapter 11, “The Chi-Square Test and Measures of Association” (pp. 269-302)

Addressing Ethical Issues

Scenario

Nicole and Julia explain to you that their relationship has felt strained lately and that they fear they are heading for a breakup. The couple explain to you that they have been in a long-term, non-monogamous relationship, but that lately, Nicole has expressed desire to change this practice. Julia feels that Nicole is “changing the rules halfway through the game” and that her sexual relationships with others are of no consequence to how she feels about Nicole. Their current relationship practice conflicts with your own personal opinion about the role of monogamy in relationships, and thus you feel conflicted about how to handle the situation.

The Assignment (2–3 pages)

  • Identify the case study you chose and describe the ethical issue(s) present in it.
  • Explain how you would address each of these issues.
  • Justify your response using the appropriate professional Code of Ethics.

Essay on a topic of your choice that pertains to Psychology.

There are 3 choices you can choose from: Attatching each option INSTRUCTIONS

  1. Essay on a topic of your choice that pertains to Psychology.
  2. A movie/book analysis.
  3. A compare/contrast paper regarding popular press articles and peer-reviewed articles.

I think 1 or 3 is good. 2 is okay unless you have a movie you know or can watch to do this. (I thought about Glass. ) FORMAT

The Final Paper should consist of a minimum of three to five typed pages. Each paper option has a format that should be followed in order to ensure you have met all of the requirements.

Be sure that the paper submission adheres to the following formatting requirements:

  • Use double-spacing.
  • Use size 12 font Arial or Times New Roman. Do not try to increase your paper length with another font.
  • Set margins to one-inch on all sides.
  • Be sure to include your name/course title on the first page.
  • Write in complete sentences, use good English grammar, and correct spelling.
  • APA documentation style must be used when citing references in context and bibliography (if any).
  • Your paper will be ran through Safe Assign to prevent plagiarism.Option 1: Final Paper Essay

    PSYC 2301

    Your essay should include the following format and items to be considered complete.  You may choose any topic from the textbook that you would like to learn more about.  Your topic should be narrow enough to be able to write the paper without being overwhelmed and broad enough to gather enough information for the paper requirements.

    Broad topic:  sleep

    Subtopic:  shift work

    Paper Topic:  Does shift work create health problems for individuals.

    Locate 3-5 academic articles related to your topic.  All articles should be a minimum of 3 pages in length.  Your articles should be current and no older than 2008.  Your articles should come from peer-reviewed journals that you can get from the CTC Library database.  Articles from newspapers, popular magazines, book reviews, or websites are not acceptable for this paper. All of your articles should not come from the same publication.

    Intro:  

    • Must contain an attention grabber for the reader or at least make the essay sound interesting, may begin with a quote about the particular topic
    • Ensure that the intro moves from the general to the specific in regards to the topic
    • Provides the reader with a “road map” of the essay in a logical order
    • At the end there should be what is called a thesis statement , arguably the most important component of the intro
    • The thesis statement states the aim of the paper and may give insight into the author’s examples and evidence

    Body:

    • Includes the evidence and support of the paper in addition to the author’s ideas
    • Paragraphs must include a topic sentence which relates the discussion back to the thesis statement

     

     

    • Logical ordering of ideas: 3 types of order
    • Chronological order—order of time, good for narratives
    • Spatial order-good for descriptions of locations; top to bottom, e.g.
    • Emphatic order-least important to most important; most common for college writing
    • Ensure that transition sentences are present to create a good flow to the essay
    • Include substantial examples and evidence to support your argument and remember to cite, cite, cite!
    • Make sure each example is relevant to your particular topic

    Conclusion:

    • This section should wrap all of your arguments and points
    • Should restate the main arguments in a simplified manner
    • Ensure that the reader is left with something to think about, particularly if it is an argumentative essay

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Grading Rubric: Total value: 200 points

     

    30-50

    10-29

    0

    Introduction

    The introduction includes a clear thesis statement, provides a clear direction for the paper, and grabs the reader’s attention.

    The thesis statement is not clear but the reader can infer the paper topic. There is direction for the paper, and the introductions moves smoothly into the body of the paper.

    There is no clear thesis statement.

    Body

     

    Includes evidence and support of the author’s thesis statement. Each paragraph includes an easy to read topic sentence and transitions are smooth. The paper is logical and easy to read while staying on topic. All ideas presented are supported with sources that meet the source requirements.

     

    Some evidence and support of the author’s thesis statement. Most paragraphs include topic sentences and smooth transitions. There are some areas of the paper that are not logical and do not flow. Most ideas are supported with sources.

    There is no clear direction in the paper. Paragraphs are not clearly defined and transitions are not smooth. There is no support of the ideas presented by the author.

    Conclusion

     

    The conclusion provides a clear summary of the paper. The conclusion gives the reader something to think about after reading the paper. The conclusion provides ideas for the future of the topic.

     

    There is a conclusion but it is incomplete.

    There is no conclusion.

     

     

    Source Documentation

     

     

    There are 3-5 acceptable peer-reviewed sources. Sources are cited in the writing and referenced in a bibliography or works cited page.

    There are 1-3 acceptable peer-reviewed sources. Sources are cited in the writing and referenced in a bibliography or works cited page.

    There are no sources provided.

    Updated April, 2019

Description of the purported mechanism of action.

In a 2018 study, Levy, Scherer, Zikmund-Fisher, Larkin, Barnes, & Fagerlin concluded that approximately 81.1% of people withheld medically relevant information from their health-care providers. 45.7% of adults avoided telling their providers that they disagreed with their care recommendations, and 81.8% of adults withheld information because they didn’t want to be lectured or judged.

Levy, A. G., Scherer, A. M., Zikmund-Fisher, B. J., Larkin, K., Barnes, G. D., Fagerlin, A. (2018). Prevalence
of and factors associated with patient nondisclosure of medically relevant information to clinicians. JAMA
        Network Open, 1(7):e185293. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5293

From this perspective, we can appreciate how many clients who see therapists as well as prescribers may not fully share information with them. This could happen in several ways- either not sharing information, omitting information, or blatantly lying. Some deceit may be harmless- other types of deceit can be deadly- especially when a client is taking medications for mental health conditions.

Many clients may disagree with taking medications for fear of side effects, becoming “dependent” on the medication, having to take the medication for the rest of their life, etc. This has resulted in many clients seeking out “all natural” forms of treatment. When some of these forms of treatment prove ineffective, the client may combine prescription drugs with “natural” treatments. They may not tell their prescriber this, however, out of fear of being “lectured or judged.”
Directions:

In this assignment, you are asked to consider one of the classes of antidepressant medications described in the course text. Next, you will prepare a paper in which you describe the following:

1. The class of antidepressants selected for review.

2. Description of the purported mechanism of action.

3. Potential “home remedies” or “natural supplements” that people may use in an attempt to treat the condition.

4. Explore possible drug/supplement interactions which could be problematic when combined.

5. Consider what you would do if the client tells you that he or she is using supplemental treatments to address their depression.

6. Consider “safer” alternatives that the client can use to work with their medication.