QUESTION 1
 
“Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive.” According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a(n) ________.
 
conclusion
 
result
 
hypothesis
 
fact
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QUESTION 2
 
“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts” is a statement associated with the perspective of ________.
 
introspection
 
functionalism
 
psychoanalysis
 
Gestalt psychologists
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QUESTION 3
 
A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a ________.
 
representative sample
 
case study
 
single-blind study
 
naturalistic observation
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QUESTION 4
 
A group of randomly selected subjects for a study that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called ________.
 
volunteer bias
 
a representative sample
 
an experimental group
 
a control group
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QUESTION 5
 
According to Freud, unconscious urges:
 
are able to be suppressed.
 
only pertain to sex.
 
attempt to surface and affect our behaviors.
 
have no impact on everyday life.
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QUESTION 6
 
At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to ________.
 
analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements
 
determine the function or purpose of a particular human behavior
 
listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness
 
carefully feel the bumps on a person’s head in order to determine his or her character traits
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QUESTION 7
 
Dr. Braunz has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given this information, it is most likely that Dr. Braunz is a ________.
 
psychiatrist
 
psychoanalyst
 
humanistic psychologist
 
school psychologist
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QUESTION 8
 
Freud said phobias were ________ whereas Watson said phobias were ________.
 
learned; inherited
 
repressed conflicts; learned
 
sexual; unconscious
 
conditioned; unconditioned
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QUESTION 9
 
Objective introspection requires:
 
metaphysical experiences.
 
self-skepticism about experiences.
 
empiricism.
 
reflection on the self.
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QUESTION 10
 
The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one’s behavior is part of what early field of psychology?
 
structuralism
 
functionalism
 
psychoanalysis
 
behaviorism
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QUESTION 11
 
The goals of psychology are to ________.
 
explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind
 
understand, compare, and analyze human behavior
 
improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death
 
describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
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QUESTION 12
 
The tendency to look for information that supports one’s own belief is called ________.
 
the principle of falsifiability
 
confirmation bias
 
criterion validity
 
volunteer bias
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QUESTION 13
 
The word correlation is often used as a synonym for ________.
 
validity
 
reliability
 
variable
 
relationship
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QUESTION 14
 
Unintended changes in participants’ behavior due to cues inadvertently given by the experimenter are called ________.
 
replications
 
experimenter effects
 
volunteer biases
 
single-blind studies
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QUESTION 15
 
What advice might John B. Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?
 
“Focus on observable behavior.”
 
“Life is an effort to overcome inferiority.”
 
“We cannot know others until we know ourselves.”
 
“Remember that what we accomplish is due to the composition of our genes.”
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QUESTION 16
 
Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?
 
Participants may not withdraw once they start.
 
Participants cannot be deceived about aspects of the research.
 
Participants cannot be subjected to any physically or emotionally painful stimuli.
 
Deception must be justified.
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QUESTION 17
 
Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?
 
Participants may not withdraw once they start.
 
Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision.
 
Participants cannot be subjected to shock of any kind.
 
Participants cannot be deceived about aspects of the research.
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QUESTION 18
 
Which of the following situations best illustrates the placebo effect?
 
You sleep because you are tired.
 
You throw up after eating bad meat.
 
You have surgery to repair a defective heart valve.
 
You drink a nonalcoholic drink and become “intoxicated” because you think it contains alcohol.
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QUESTION 19
 
Which of the following statements is true about naturalistic observation?
 
It recreates natural conditions in the laboratory as closely as possible to make an experiment more valid.
 
It involves observing behavior in its natural context.
 
It is basically the same process as objective introspection.
 
It involves observing behavior in the lab without taking formal notes or using technological equipment to measure the experimental findings.
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QUESTION 20
 
Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology?
 
the scientific study of behavior
 
the scientific study of mental processes
 
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
 
the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes
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QUESTION 21
 
Which treatment approach did Sigmund Freud develop for treating his patients?
 
drug therapy
 
neuropsychology
 
clinical psychology
 
psychoanalysis
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QUESTION 22
 
Which type of psychologist would be most likely to argue that a criminal engages in unlawful behavior because he grew up around older boys who engaged in criminal activities?
 
Gestaltist
 
behavioralist
 
psychodynamic
 
functionalist
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QUESTION 23
 
Who was an early proponent of functionalism?
 
Ivan Pavlov
 
William James
 
Wilhelm Wundt
 
Max Wertheimer
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QUESTION 24
 
You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?
 
behaviorism
 
humanism
 
functionalism
 
psychodynamics
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QUESTION 25
 
________ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group.
 
The double-blind study
 
Field research
 
The single-blind study
 
Correlational research