Discuss the behavioral genetics of individual differences, being sure to focus on common misunderstandings about heritability estimates

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1. Discuss the behavioral genetics of individual differences, being sure to focus on common misunderstandings about heritability estimates.
2 Two brain structures have been most frequently linked to human emotion. Which are they? Describe research that has implicated each in human emotion.
3. Explain color constancy. What important points does it make about the mechanisms of color vision? Describe a theory of color vision that can explain color constancy, focusing on the evidence that led to the theory.
4. Compare set-point and positive-incentive theories of hunger and eating. Compare their ability to predict two major research findings.
5.Describe and discuss sexual dimorphisms of the mammalian brain. How do they develop? Include cyclic gonadotropin release, the sexually dimorphic nucleus, and the aromatization hypothesis in your answer.

6.What distinguishes biopsychology from the other subdisciplines of neuroscience?

A.its focus on the study of behavior
B.its focus on animal subjects
C.its focus on psychiatric disorders
D.its focus on psychoactive drugs

7.Structure of the nervous system is to function of the nervous system as
A.biopsychology is to psychology.
B.neuroanatomy is to neurophysiology.
C.neuropathology is to clinical psychology.
D.neuroscience is to biopsychology

8.In the study of heritability estimates, increasing the genetic diversity of the subjects without introducing other changes would likely
A.decrease the heritability estimate.
B.confound the experiment.
C.increase the accuracy of the heritability estimate.
D.increase the heritability estimate.

9.The sensitive period for the development of a particular trait is the period
A.of chronic pain.
B.of sexual receptivity.
C.of fertility.
D.during which a particular experience must occur to have a major effect on the development of the trait.

Deterioration of the pathway from the substantia nigra to the striatum is often found in cases of
A.Korsakoff’s syndrome.
B.Parkinson’s disease.
C.autism.
D.Alzheimer’s disease.

Which of the following are multipolar cortical neurons with long axons, apical dendrites, and triangular cell bodies?
A.stellate cells
B.chandelier cells
C.pyramidal cells
D.granule cells

Many self-stimulation sites
A.contain serotonergic neurons.
B.are part of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system.
C.are adrenergic.
D.are glutaminergic

Which of the following drugs produces Buerger’s disease?
A.tobacco
B.morphine
C.marijuana
D.cocaine

Darwin believed that
A.expressions of emotion evolve from behaviors that indicate what an animal is likely to do next.
B.expressions of emotion evolve in ways that enhance their communicative function and that their original function may be lost.
C.opposite messages are often signaled by opposite movements and postures.
D.all of the above

The pattern of behavior that is observed in monkeys after their anterior temporal lobes have been removed is called
A.sham rage.
B.the Kluver-Bucy syndrome.
C.hippocampal rage.
D.septal rage.

Many studies have found structural and functional brain pathology in patients suffering from affective disorders. Although there is little consensus about the exact location of the brain pathology, it is most commonly observed in three structures. These structures include the
A.amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex.
B.hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex.
C.amygdala and hippocampus.
D.all of the above

Clinical depression and anxiety are comorbid disorders, which means that they
A.both increase the likelihood of suicide.
B.both increase susceptibility to terminal illness.
C.have the same effect on neurochemicals.
D.tend to occur together in the same individuals.

A.T. is a woman with selective damage to her dorsal visual stream. She has
A.little difficulty making accurate movements under visual control.
B.substantial difficulty making accurate movements under visual control.
C.substantial difficulty consciously recognizing objects.
D.lost all ability to respond to moving images.

In general, information in the primary visual cortex is thought to flow from __________ to __________ to __________.
A.lower layer IV; simple cells; complex cells
B.lower layer IV; complex cells; simple cells
C.simple cells; lower layer IV; complex cells
D.simple cells; complex cells; lower layer IV

In the classic transection experiments of Lawrence and Kuypers, monkeys with all their dorsolateral motor pathways transected sat with their arms hanging limply by their sides. However, these same monkeys had no difficulty
A.picking up pieces of food and then releasing them.
B.using their arms for standing, walking, and climbing.
C.reaching for moving objects.
D.moving their fingers independently.

According to current theory, the sensorimotor system
A.is largely ballistic.
B.is largely, if not entirely, ipsilateral.
C.comprises a hierarchy of central sensorimotor programs.
D.all of the above

The three phases of energy metabolism are, in sequence,
A.eat, fast, and absorb.
B.absorptive, cephalic, and fasting.
C.cephalic, absorptive, and fasting.
D.fasting, absorptive, and cephalic.

Set-point theories of hunger and eating are inconsistent with
A.eating-related evolutionary pressures as we understand them.
B.the major effects on eating of taste, learning, and social factors.
C.the failure of researchers to confirm that energy deficits are the usual stimuli for eating.
D.all of the above

Which of the following statements is true?
A.Men and women have fundamentally different anterior pituitaries.
B.Men and women have fundamentally different posterior pituitaries.
C.A male pituitary transplanted into a female displays a cyclic pattern of hormone release.
D.A female pituitary transplanted into a male displays a cyclic pattern of hormone release.

The external reproductive organs of males and females develop
A.from different tissue.
B.from the same bipotential tissue.
C.under environmental control.
D.under direct genetic control.

Assignment 2: Federalism

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The system of federalism was instituted with the writing and authorization of the Constitution in 1787. In dividing power between states and the national government, federalism has undergone challenges to the placement of power. Should power reside primarily in national or in state government? The Civil War was the most dramatic challenge to the placement of power. Southern states argued, under the leadership of John C. Calhoun, that states’ power superseded national power, while northern states, under the leadership of President Abraham Lincoln, stressed the need for union under the leadership and direction of the national government.

In the more than two hundred years since the Constitution’s adoption, there have been many changes to the meaning of federalism, with power shifting between state and national governments. In the twentieth century, the shifts of power became largely associated with the national government’s ability to provide increased funding sources. With more funding available, the national government has expanded its impact on all areas of state governments. This increased power has had many advocates and many detractors, each with strong justifications.

Research federalism using your textbook, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet. Write a paper on federalism. Structure your paper as follows:

  • Define federalism.
  • Explain three advantages of federalism.
  • Explain three disadvantages of federalism.
  • Identify and describe at least two ways in which American federalism has changed since the ratification of the Constitution.
  • Discuss one advantage or disadvantage of federalism most relevant to you.
  • Describe the relationship between contemporary politics and trends in the size and power of the federal government.

Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards for writing style to your work. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.

By Wednesday, June 4, 2014, deliver your assignment to the M2: Assignment 2 Dropbox.

Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Significant advantages and disadvantages of federalism are identified and explained.
20
Significant changes in American federalism are identified and explained.
16
Impact of federalism to your life is identified and discussed objectively.
12
Impact of size and power of the federal government of contemporary politics is accurately identified and explained.
20
Statements are supported by reasons and research information.
12
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100

Ethics And Multicultural Issues In Applied Psychology

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In this assignment, you will revise and submit your final project analysis of a case with an ethical dilemma and multicultural issues that relates to your specialization or area of future work in psychology. In addition to incorporating feedback you received from your instructor and peers on your other project components thus far, be sure to do the following:

  1. Examine APA or other ethical codes and standards relevant to case scenarios.
  2. Analyze multicultural issues such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic class, and gender and how these issues influence theoretical, research, and the work of psychologists.
  3. Evaluate ethical reasoning models that can be employed for the resolution of case examples and the advantages and disadvantages of these models.
  4. Design a solution for an ethical dilemma and multicultural issues in case examples, using the most applicable ethical decision-making model.
  5. Reflect upon multicultural identity, aspects of diversity, privilege, and potential bias, and how these could be addressed so as not to impact current or future work in the field of psychology.
  6. Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for members of the psychological professions, using correct APA format and style.

Other Assignment Requirements

  • Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • Format: Use current APA (6th edition) style and formatting guidelines.
  • Font: Arial, 10 point.
  • Length: 15–20 pages minimum, double-spaced, and excluding title page and reference list.
  • References: At least 10–12 scholarly sources.

 

Handbook of Health Psychology and Aging Aldwin, Carolyn M. Park, Crystal L. Spiro, Avron p.169

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Resond to this question:

L H Erik Erikson has made a large impact in the growth of human development.  The nine stages of development theories changed the course of how theorists saw the development of personalities and growth of individuals continue throughout there lives. He shows this with the “The Nine Stages of Psychosocial Development” by Erikson displaying stages of ages, developmental periods, characteristics of stages and favored outcomes. This development comes from individuals who have, as he stated “Remember that conflict and tension are sources of growth, strength and commitment” (Erikson and Erikson, 1997).

 

An example of this is by a senior citizen, who is recently placed into a nursing home by family members because of the inability to care for her due to her severe medical issues. Once she was placed into the facility, within one year, her oldest daughter suddenly passes away. This senior citizen is now faced with several challenges, does she still maintain the will to live after the loss of her child? Does she continue to move forward with her life despite her physical and medical challenges.

 

She meets these challenges according to Erikson in the ninth stage of “Hope and Faith vs. despair”. Despite the conflict she may feel, she continues to move forward with life after the loss of her daughter. She is “facing a new sense of self over her failing body” and has begun a “new sense of wisdom and transcendence”. Because of these changes she has faced in the last stage of her life, this does not mean she does not continue to grow as a human being. She has had to make adjustments thourgh her adversity and due to her strength and commitment to life she contiues to grow and discover more things about herself and who she has become.

 

The support she will need is contingent on how open and receptive she can or will be. Being supportive of her mental health by contacting a grief counselor to sort through some of the feelings she may experience or brushing her hair and discussing the”good times” of her daughter being alive. This approach may appear to be simple, however it can be very effective. “Self healing personalities often contain elements of the mentally healthy orientations involving efficacy and commitment, described by humanistic and clinical psychologists.”

 

Human development/ Thomas L. Crandell and Corinne Haines Crandall, James W Vander Zaden-10th ed.

 

Handbook of Health Psychology and Aging Aldwin, Carolyn M. Park, Crystal L. Spiro, Avron  p.169

 

Respond to this discussion with references and 150 words …Review your peers’ posts and respond to one, following the guidelines from your instructor in the Faculty Expectations. Support the assumption of theory by providing additional information that relates to the chosen theory and the individual or

 

group’s behavior.

 

 

2nd Discussion

Based on our text, two cognitive changes that take place in middle adulthood are fluid and crystallized intelligence. Fluid intelligence is defined as the ability to make original adaptations in novel situations and crystallized intelligence as the abilities gained from education, experience and acculturation (Crandell, Crandell, Zanden, 2012; Cantell, 1943; Cantell, 1987).  Changes in fluid intelligence (ability) can negatively affect one’s work relationships. For example, fluid intelligence revolves around making keen decisions and applying critical thinking skills, all of which are not common. As we age, these skills tend to decline, making task harder than normal.  It makes it harder for individuals to process and analyze information. Furthermore, the declination of fluid intelligence can have an adverse affect on family relationships. For example, we look to our parents and in some cases, grandparents to make important decisions for us as children, teenagers and young adults.  In reflection of the information provided in the text, I agree that deliberate practice plays a key role in maintaining a high level of brain functioning (Crendell, Crandell, Zanden, 2012).

 

In comparison, crystallized intelligence has a more positive effect on work and family relationships. These individuals are considerably referred to as the “seasoned workers or matriarchs and patriarchs of the family. Their knowledge and wisdom surpasses that of many and they are able to recall their experiences and apply the knowledge to the task at hand.

Resources

Cantell, R.B. (1943). The measurement of adult intellignence.

Psychological  Bulletin, 40, 153-193.

 

Please READ:Respond to this: with references: What preventive activities or approaches might have been beneficial in mitigating the impact of these cognitive changes? Cite information from articles that address challenges in cognitive functioning and practice. You may find it beneficial to investigate Web sites that provide practice in strengthening cognitive skills.