Learning and Cognition Handbook

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Week 6 – Learning and Cognition Handbook

Week 6 – Learning and Cognition Handbook
Due: 14 Aug 2017, 10:59 PM

Learning and Cognition Handbook

 

                                   Video Transcript

The primary goal of the Learning and Cognition Handbook is to integrate concepts from the discipline of learning and cognitive psychology into a usable and professional guide that is designed for a specified audience which will be designated based on students’ current or future career goals. Students will choose one of five assigned constructs and focus their handbook on this specific area of learning and cognition. Skills and information learned throughout the course will be applied in the design and creation of this handbook. Findings from required sources, including those from the text and individual peer-reviewed articles, will be incorporated into the handbook; however, these findings will not constitute the total information for each of the sub-constructs addressed within the project. Students should include the relevant sources they researched in the Week Two Discipline-Based Literature Review as well as those from the Week Three Assignment. The purpose of the handbook is to share helpful strategies, apply the chosen construct to seven sub-constructs in the field, and present a holistic guide for others that can be used in the discipline.

To complete this assignment, students may utilize the Learning and Cognition Handbook template or create their own using the template as a guide. Each section of the handbook should be written in the student’s own words with use of limited paraphrased material cited according to APA standards as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Each section of the handbook should include a minimum of one visual (e.g., table, figure, or image) with a maximum of five visuals per section. Each image must be retrieved and cited based on current copyright laws. Students may wish to use the Where to Get Free Images guide for assistance with accessing freely available public domain and/or Creative Commons licensed images.

The following constructs will be the subject content options for this handbook and will be chosen based on an evaluative literature review in Week Two and students’ future career goals:

  • The Neurosciences:  A Look at Our Brains
  • Socio-Cognition: Social Interactions in Learning
  • Learning and Literacy: Reading, Writing, and Language Development
  • Diversity and Culture: The Effects to Learning
  • Connectionism and Learning: A Web of Development

The sections listed below must be used within the paper to delineate the sections of content.

Table of Contents
In this section, students will list all sections and subsections included in the handbook with the applicable page numbers.

Preface
In this section, students will provide a 100- to 150-word overview of the handbook and its potential use by the chosen audience.

Introduction to Chosen Construct
In this section, students will provide a 200- to 300-word introductory summary of the chosen construct and discuss any careers in psychology specifically related to this construct. Beginning with the work completed in Week One, students will include the language from their personal epistemology (revised based on instructor feedback and the further development of their ideas and beliefs throughout the course and the program thus far).

Chosen Construct
In this section, students will provide information that communicates how and why the chosen construct of learning and cognition affects the following sub-constructs through synthesizing the learning principles and/or theories. For each of the sub-constructs, students will apply basic research methods and skeptical inquiry to explain the theoretical perspectives and empirical findings that substantiate the relationship between the construct and the sub-constructs. Although creative liberties are encouraged, all information incorporated should be supported and professionally presented through the consistent application of ethical principles and adherence to professional standards of learning and cognition psychology as applied to the chosen audience.

Sub-Constructs
Information for each sub-construct will be presented in 500 to 700 words.

  • Comprehension
  • Problem Solving
  • Memory Development/Retention
  • Lifelong Learning
  • Domains and Domain Learning
  • Affective Outcomes of Emotion
  • Effects of Demographic Differences (e.g., gender, socioeconomics, religious affiliation, race)

Conclusion
In this section, students will provide a 200- to 300-word summarization of the handbook in which they describe the importance of the chosen construct and assigned sub-constructs within the learning and cognition domain and their applicability within the psychology profession for the chosen audience.

Attention Students: The Masters of Arts in Psychology program is utilizing the Pathbrite portfolio tool as a repository for student scholarly work in the form of signature assignments completed within the program. After receiving feedback for this Learning and Cognition Handbook, please implement any changes recommended by the instructor, go to Pathbrite and upload the revised Learning and Cognition Handbook to the portfolio. (Use the Pathbrite Quick-Start Guide to create an account if you do not already have one.) The upload of signature assignments will take place after completing each course. Be certain to upload revised signature assignments throughout the program as the portfolio and its contents will be used in other courses and may be used by individual students as a professional resource tool. See the Pathbrite website for information and further instructions on using this portfolio tool.

The Learning and Cognition Handbook

  • Must be 4000 to 7000 words (see instructions and rubric for each section and sub-construct) following the Learning and Cognition Handbook templateas a guide. Although a handbook differs from a written paper, all citations and references must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a title page with the required information from the handbook template:
    • Title of handbook
    • Student’s name
    • Institution’s name
    • Student’s contact information (address and email)
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must include the sections and subsections required as indicated in the handbook template.
  • Must address the construct and sub-constructs with critical thought and substantiated assertions.
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center at the end of the handbook and precedes any optional appendices if applicable to the project.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

Waypoint Assignment Submission

The assignments in this course will be submitted to Waypoint.  Please refer to the instructions below to submit your assignment.

  1. Click on the Assignment Submission button below. The Waypoint “Student Dashboard” will open in a new browser window.
  2. Browse for your assignment.
  3. Click Upload.
  4. Confirm that your assignment was successfully submitted by viewing the appropriate week’s assignment tab in Waypoint.

For more detailed instructions, refer to the Waypoint Tutorial.

Psychology

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Most mental disorders lie on a continuum with “normal” behavior at one end. For example, nearly everyone has a fear of something, but it does not rise to the level of a phobia. A behavior may seem abnormal in one context but completely normal in another context. These two aspects show why it can be challenging to properly identify mental disorders.

Using your textbook and the Argosy University online library resources, research the principles and methods of identifying mental disorders. Note particularly the diversity of views and the challenges of identification. Based on your research, write a reflective essay. Use the following question to direct your thoughts and organize your essay:

· Why is determining abnormal behavior or a mental disorder so difficult?

To develop your essay, keep in mind issues such as the role of social norms in defining the abnormal, the multiplicity of indicators of what is abnormal, the stigma suffered by those identified as abnormal, and finally the need for objectivity in dealing with the concept.

Write a 2–3-page essay in Word format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M1_A3.doc. For example, if your name is John Smith, your document will be named SmithJ_M1_A3.doc

CHALLENGES IN IDENTIFYING ABNORMAL BEHAVIOURS.

A mental disorder is a psychological problem generally related to subjective disability that affects an individual, and which is not a part of normal development. Some authors believe that some behaviors can’t be concisely defined in attempts to identify the abnormal behavior. There are many factors that determine abnormality in individuals for example people’s social norms and culture.

In discussing the challenges of identifying mental disorders, abnormal disorders can’t be succinctly defined (Bennett, 2011). Some of the challenges include a perceiver’s concept of normality. Determining an abnormality or a mental disorder is so difficult since a behavior may seem normal in one perspective but completely abnormal in another dimension. This is similar with how different cultures may identify and explain abnormality. Secondly, individuals’ cultures and norms (Butcher, 2007) since one culture may identify an abnormal and mental disorder which is quite normal in other cultures.

 

A behavior that differs from normality can be considered dysfunctional. These disturbing behaviors are a result of distorted thoughts or cognitions. There are different ways of identifying an abnormal behavior among people and they include deviation of social norms, distress, maladaptive behaviors and statistical theories.To identify an abnormal behavior, we first consider deviation from social norms. Culture is an important factor in considering abnormality. Each culture has its own rules for behavior and these rules govern their ideals of what is socially acceptable along with their moral standards. It is when a behavior exceeds their specific culture’s acceptance it then becomes labeled as abnormal. For example, in most cultures the thought of committing suicide is looked down upon and it is considered a mental disorder, however in some Middle-Eastern cultures the religious implication of committing of suicide raises somebody’s martyr status.

Social norms constitute informal or formal rules of how individuals are expected to behave. A deviant behavior is a behavior that is considered undesirable or anti-social by the majority of people in a given society. Individuals who break rules of conduct or do not behave like the majority are defined as abnormal. Many factor play a role in what is seen as normal or abnormal within a certain society for instance social, cultural and historical factors. For example, homosexuality was seen as an abnormal behavior in Britain around 1900 where the famous writer Oscar Wilde was imprisoned for homosexuality.

If it is insufficient to define behavior that is bad for a person as an indicator of abnormality, perhaps it is better to ask whether the person is suffering or not, or if they are experiencing distress. This conveniently ignores the problems of most of the other criteria above and can allow those who feel that they need some kind of medical or psychological attention to gain it. However, it carries with it the assumption that individuals engaging in this kind of abnormal behavior will have enough insight to experience distress. This is not always the case. For example, irritability is a common symptom of depression among men, but it is not the kind of symptom that would encourage a man to seek help. Another example occurs when a person begins drinking a lot of alcohol. Their behavior may be unhealthy for them, but until there is damage to their physical health or changes in relationships with family or friends, there may be no suffering.

Another way to decide what is abnormal is to assume that all humans perform behaviors that are good for them in their particular environmental context. We might expect people to develop an understanding of social expectations, regardless of whether they agree with them or not, and to be able to function within their social group. Maladaptive behaviors are those that threaten one’s ability to function well within that social context. This approach works well when we consider such conditions as alcoholism and anorexia, where it is clear that a person’s health is in danger because of the way he or she is behaving. People who spend so much time on the internet that they lose contact with their peers might also be seen to be engaging in maladaptive behavior; internet addiction is a fairly recent addition to the range of abnormal behavior practitioners might deal with. The most frequently cited problem with this approach is that people whose motivation is clearly not indicative of a serious disorder will sometimes engage in maladaptive or dangerous behavior. Examples include extreme sports people and political protestors such as Guillermo Farinas, who went on a hunger strike in Cuba to protest at internet censorship.

 

From the statistical abnormality curve, abnormal people are characterized by a significant deviation from the average. Many human characteristics are normally distributed. On a normal distribution, more people fall around the average. Characteristics falling beyond a particular distance from the average values are sometimes seen as abnormal. This distance is defined in terms of standard deviation units which are values that tell the scientist how many people fall beyond the average. For example, there is a normal distribution of IQ scores; those who score 2 standard deviation units below the mean of 100 are mentally ill or abnormal.

 

There are various indicators that single out abnormal behaviors among mentally ill patients. When someone violates the standard of the society, he is considered abnormal. For example, when a woman drowns her infant, the society will conclude that the mother is mentally ill. Suffering is also considered as an indicator of abnormality. When people suffer from their conditions, the society concludes that they are abnormal for example people with social anxiety. Irrationality is a condition when somebody is unreasonable and unstable. When somebody displays signs of unpredictability for example manic screaming, people around him will always infer to him as mentally unstable.

And lastly, dangerousness is also an indicator of abnormality. Someone in the society who attempts suicide is considered abnormal. People will handle him with caution since he is suspected to be mentally ill, dangerous and violent. In this case, stigma becomes prevalent since many people fail to associate with a mentally ill patient.

Discrimination of the abnormal people has a negative psychological effect in their lives since it causes social isolation and low esteem.Occupational discrimination and stigma are witnessed when an abnormal person is identified as mentally ill (Butcher, 2007). There are so many issues associated with stigma for example stereotyping which leads to discrimination of the mentally ill. Furthermore, when the mentally ill patients interact with other abnormal people, they suffer from stress and this induces a psychological response.

 

CONCLUSION.

Social and cultural differences between an observed individual and the observer poses many challenges in identifying mental disorders. The obscurity in identifying an individual as normal or abnormal defines an abnormal behaviour. Perception of abnormality has many impacts in the daily life since it causes social discrimination and rejection.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References.

Comer, R. J. (2005). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (4th ed.). New York, NY: Worth

Abnormal psychology, an integration approach 6th ED(intro text), D.Barlor(Cengage,2012) BBS.pdf

PSY 810 Comparison Matrix

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Details:

 

General Requirements:

 

Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:

  • This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
  • Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
  • You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

Directions:

 

Empirical research is the foundation to scholarly research and scholarly writing. An empirical article is defined as one that reports actual results of a research study. The article will include a description of the study, an introduction, a research question, an explanation of the study’s methodology, a presentation of the results of the study, and a conclusion that discusses the results and suggests topics for further study. This assignment will help you locate and identify empirical research studies.

  1. Access and read Article 1 by going to

https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=104612687&site=eds-live&scope=site

  1. Access and read Article 2 by going to http://dx.doi.org.library.gcu.edu:2048/10.1016/j.profnurs.2011.06.004
  2. The Comparison Matrix contains a table with three columns and six rows. The columns are titled Article 1, Article 2, and Article 3, and the rows are titled Title, Persistent GCU Library Link, Purpose of the Study, Research Question(s), Sample Population(s), and Limitations. You will see that the appropriate information from Article 1 has been included.
  3. Use the Article 2 persistent link as provided above and in the Comparison Matrix to locate and read Article 2.
  4. After reading Article 2, provide the appropriate information in the cells in the Article 2 column of the Comparison Matrix.
  5. Go to the GCU library. Use the “Find Journal Articles” search feature found on the home page of the GCU library to locate an empirical article in your field of interest. Use the Empirical Research Checklist to determine whether a study is empirical. This will be Article 3 in the Comparison Matrix.
  6. After locating and reading the empirical article you found, provide the appropriate information in the cells in the Article 3 column of the Comparison Matrix.

 

 

Evaluate how the assessment is linked to the practice of counseling

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In this assignment, you will be applying your knowledge of assessment in counseling to a specific scenario. Use the Resources provided and the University Library to complete the following:

  • Select one of the scenarios from the Unit 9 Scenarios document in the Resources. The scenario you choose should be based on your program of study. If you are a MFT learner, please select an identified couple or family assessment tool from provided unit readings.
  • Identify the primary question the assessment needs to address for your identified scenario. What is the primary presenting concern of the client or clients in your scenario?
  • Provide a clear description of the assessment tool and measure of the identified problem. Use evidence from the literature to support your description.
  • Describe how the assessment is scored and interpreted. In your description of the assessment’s scoring and interpretation, be certain to incorporate the measurement constructs (such as reliability and validity) you have learned about throughout this course. Be certain to discuss the ways in which the assessment is validated for use with diverse clients.
  • Evaluate how the assessment is linked to the practice of counseling. As the counselor for your identified scenario, how does the assessment tool support your work as a counselor? Be certain to discuss its applicability to initial assessment. Then, go beyond initial assessment, to examine the ways you could use the assessment throughout the counseling process.
  • Evaluate how the tool can be used with diverse clients as part of an ethical assessment process. How would you present the assessment results to your client or clients? Describe the process of presenting assessment results with a clear consideration of the client’s unique cultural context. Be certain to identify the relevant sections of the code of ethics for your profession (ACA, AAMFT, or ASCA).

Please use the Assignment Template listed under Resources to compose your Final Assignment paper.

Assignment Requirements

  • Written communication: Written communication must be free of errors so that the overall message is clear.
  • APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style.
  • Number of resources: Minimum of five scholarly resources (distinguished submissions will likely exceed that minimum).
  • Length of paper: Seven to ten double-spaced, typed pages, excluding title and reference pages.
  • Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

PLEASE USE THIS SENERIO

The Case of Allen

Allen is a 70-year-old widowed male. He reports that he is still trying to recover from the loss of his wife, who died in an accident a year ago. He is having trouble sleeping and frequently finds himself tearful when he is alone. His children are grown and live in other states. They have expressed concern that he doesn’t seem himself and they hate seeing him lonely. They are urging him to move to be closer to one of them, but he reports that he doesn’t have the energy to pick up his life and relocate. He is seeking counseling to find out how he can move forward in his life.

 PLEASE USE THIS AS THE TOOL FOR THE SENERIO ALLEN

Read Arbisi’s 2001 article, “Review of the Beck Depression Inventory-II” in The Fourteenth Mental Measurements Yearbook.

 

THIS IS THE TEMPLATE

[Unit and Assignment Title]

[Learner Name]

[COURSE NUMBER – NAME]

[Date]

[Professor Name]

Abstract

The abstract appears on a page by itself and is in single paragraph using block format and is double spaced. The abstract is a summary of your paper which allows the reader to quickly review what will be covered. Limit the abstract to 150–250 words.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Unit and Assignment Title

Start writing your introduction here (1–2 paragraphs). An effective introduction prepares the reader by identifying the purpose of the paper and providing the organization of the paper. Please double-space and remember to indent all paragraphs throughout your paper. (Not block form!) Aim to keep your writing objective using third person (see handout in the discussion board). Unless required for the specific assignment, please do not include a Table of Contents, as it is not APA style. Review paper guidelines on page requirements and number of sources required (if provided). Unless citing a classic work, aim to cite research articles and texts published within the past five years. Please use headings throughout your paper that are consistent with the paper’s scoring guide (that way you ensure you are adequately addressing all required areas.)

When you finish writing your paper, re-read it to check for errors and make sure your ideas flow well. A helpful tip is to read your paper aloud to yourself. If it does not sound right to your ear – it is not working on paper! Please submit your papers to Turnitin (link in the course homepage) to check for plagiarism. Also, remember as a Capella learner you have free access through iGuide to personal tutoring services with smarthinking.com.

Level 1 Heading: Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading

Review the evaluation categories in the scoring guide to ensure you are addressing the ‘Distinguished’ category for all sections of your paper.

Level 2 Heading (if needed): Flushed Left, Boldface, Upper and Lowercase Heading

For papers in this course, this will likely be all the heading levels you will need. You can review the APA Manual, 6th edition, section 3.03 for more guidance.

Conclusion

Please provide a conclusion that summarizes the main ideas of your paper.