Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resource on your own before you bid. Main references come from Van Wormer, K., & Davis, D. R. (2018) and/or American Psychiatric Association. (2013). You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. I have also attached my discussion rubric so you can see how to make full points. Please respond to all 3 of my classmates separately with separate references for each response. You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation like peer-reviewed, professional scholarly journals. If you draw from the internet, I encourage you to use websites from the major mental health professional associations (American Counseling Association, American Psychological Association, etc.) or federal agencies (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMSHA), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), etc.). I need this completed by 04/28/19 at 12pm.

Expectation:

Responses to peers. Note that this is measured by both the quantity and quality of your posts. Does your post contribute to continuing the discussion? Are your ideas supported with citations from the learning resources and other scholarly sources? Note that citations are expected for both your main post and your response posts. Note also, that, although it is often helpful and important to provide one or two sentence responses thanking somebody or supporting them or commiserating with them, those types of responses do not always further the discussion as much as they check in with the author. Such responses are appropriate and encouraged; however, they should be considered supplemental to more substantive responses, not sufficient by themselves.

Read a your colleagues’ postings. Respond to your colleagues’ postings.

Respond in one or more of the following ways:

· Ask a probing question.

· Share an insight gained from having read your colleague’s posting.

· Offer and support an opinion.

· Validate an idea with your own experience.

· Make a suggestion.

· Expand on your colleague’s posting.

1. Classmate (G. Sim)

The family is seen as a preventative unit within the picture of recovery for the addicted person, a buffer between them and their drugs of (no) choice. Strong family support is so important for an addicted person (I hate the perjorative term “addict”) in order for a chance at recovery and success. The family’s abilities to resiliency and healing is a key component in the recovery picture as family members adopt survival roles to minimize stress and pain during this difficult time (Van Wormer & Davis, 2018). The TV show “Intervention” has provided a fascinating look at how families can bond together, confront the person who is addicted and offer unconditional love while adopting a firm stance that the status quo can no longer be tolerated.

A unique characteristic of families with addiction problems is how sometimes family members can become enablers without intending to, or even knowing they are doing so. Good intentions can sometimes leave family members open to manipulation from addicted family members, whether they are parents or children, as addicted people become very good at manipulating the people in their lives to sustain their addicted lifestyle (Van Wormer & Davis, 2018). Parents, in particular, often have problems with direct communication and confrontation (Lander, Howsare, & Byrne, M., 2013).

A possible ethical dilemma in helping addicted clients and their families can be, who is my client? HIPAA rules are explicit when it comes to sharing information even between family members; I have a client right now whose parents live in another state and have not heard from their daughter and are worried and want me to call them. I know I must at least get my client to sign a release of information in order for me to call her parents to discuss her case, in the meantime I can at least pass on to her that her parents are concerned.

Lander, L., Howsare, J., & Byrne, M. (2013). The impact of substance use disorders on families and children: from theory to practice. Social work in public health, 28(3-4), 194–205. doi:10.1080/19371918.2013.759005

Van Wormer, K., & Davis, D. R. (2018). Addiction treatment: A strengths perspective (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage.

2. Classmate (R. White)

Family Roles and Dynamics

When discussing the key roles that exist among families of clients with addiction problems, many interactions exist to normalize the family. Accordingly, the family roles occupied by members of a family with substance-use problems act as a buffer to mask the individual’s addictive behaviors (Vernig, 2011). Thus, the role of the enabler is often the spouse of the individual with addiction problems. In this role, efforts are made to protect the spouse from encountering adverse circumstances resulting from their maladaptive behaviors (Vernig, 2011). The enabler attempts to disguise the problematic actions from the immediate and extended family and the abuser’s professional interests. Consequently, since a great deal of energy is expended reacting to problematic behaviors, the enablers wants and needs are often left unattended (VanWormer & Davis, 2018). Additionally, the Stages of Change model asserts that individuals can be motivated to transition from the pre-contemplation stage to the contemplation stage in the presence of external pressures like legal problems, marital issues, or occupational setbacks (DiClemente & Velasquez, 2005). Therefore, by acting as a parachute or cushion to the chemically dependent person, negative consequences that can potentially facilitate behavioral changes are inhibited by the enabler, and thus reinforce the patterns of substance use.

Furthermore, another significant role is that of the hero. This person is viewed as the golden child of the family. VanWormer and Davis (2018) postulate that the hero represents the exemplar of the family. In other words, their success and achievements provide reassurance that the dysfunctional family climate is not representative of the entire family. Consequently, the hero receives most of the positive attention from family members and is regularly praised by those outside the family. However, Vernig (2011) indicated that the family’s values are often fulfilled through the hero, thereby producing a fear of failing and low self-esteem. Likewise, the hero can manifest in parentified and controlling behaviors throughout the individual’s life (VanWormer & Davis, 2018)

Unique Characteristic of Families of Members with Substance Abuse Problems

One unique characteristic of families with parents or children abusing alcohol or drugs is the communication within the family. Although family roles on the surface distract from the reality of what is taking place in the home, negativism is a predominant communicative pattern within the family. According to the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (2004), family interactions are regularly filled with complaints and criticism, and any display of positive behavior is usually overlooked. Therefore, attempts to seek attention is often gained through a member-induced crisis. For example, a child may intentionally exhibit behavioral problems to divert attention away from the substance-directed chaos. Furthermore, the persistent negative attitudes of members reinforce the addictive patterns (Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 2004).

Ethical Concern

An ethical or legal concern that arises when counseling families with addictions diagnoses is the potential for social problems. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (2004) noted the high prevalence of domestic violence, child abuse or neglect, and criminal behaviors in families with persons diagnosed with substance-use disorders. As such, the client’s limits of confidentiality should periodically be reiterated to ensure the client understands the legal duties of the counselor, such as situations requiring mandated reporting.

References

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2004). Impact on substance abuse on families. Substance Abuse Treatment and Family Therapy. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64258/

DiClemente, C. & Velasquez, M. (2005). Motivational interviewing and the stages of change. In S. Rollnick & R. Miller (Eds), Motivational Interviewing (pp. 1-20). Baltimore, MD: Guilford Press.

Van Wormer, K., & Davis, D. R. (2018). Addiction treatment: A strengths perspective (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage.

Vernig, P. M. (2011). Family roles in homes with alcohol-dependent parents: An evidence-based review. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(4), 535–542. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

3. Classmate (T. Rod)

The the family dynamic is affected tremendously by the person who has an addiction. According to Van Wormer & Davis (2018), for every person that has an addiction, “the lives of at least four other people are consistently altered” (p. 392).  In this post, I will describe two ways that family roles and dynamics interact with the action. Then I will identify at least one unique characteristic within families of clients with addiction problems.  Lastly, I will describe one ethical or legal concern related to counseling families with addiction diagnoses.

Description of Two Ways Family Roles & Dynamics Interact with Addiction

According to Sharon Wegscheider, six family roles can exist in a family who has a person who suffer from addiction. The six family roles are “the chemically dependent person, the chief enabler, the hero, the scapegoat, the lost child, and the mascot” (Van Wormer & Davis,2018, p.402). The two-family roles I chose are the chief enabler and the chemically dependent person. The chief enabler, also known as the family manager, is sometimes the partner of the person who has an addiction. This person takes control over and tries to create a balance in the family dynamic (Van Wormer& Davis). This person makes excuses or tries to deny that there is anything wrong with the person or there is an addiction issue.  A chemically dependent person is the person who is suffering from addiction. Some chemically dependent person is remorseful in what his or her addiction has caused their family member. Sometimes, they do not care and want to be self-fish and fulfill his or her addiction needs (Van Wormer & Davis, 2018).

Another way family roles and dynamics interact with addiction is the addicted has a codependency issue.  Codependency is often viewed as the disease that predated the relationship with a partner who was addicted to alcohol or other drugs (Van Wormer & Davis, 2018). A codependent person usually decides the person who is unable to make due to the person’s addiction.

One Unique Characteristic Within Families of Clients with Addiction Problems

One unique Characteristic within families of the client with an addiction problem is how the families handle the addiction culturally. Each culture has its way of handling the addiction problem, and their response to the person has an addiction. For example, in Hispanic Culture, there is a strong influence that a person is not allowed to discuss any substance use or abuse. In the LGBT community,” drug use and suicide attempts were three to eight times more common among youth in rejecting than accepting families” (Van Wormer and Davis, 2018, p. 424). Therapy is beneficial, and the person has to be culturally competent, and they had to ensure they request the culture of the client and his or her family.

Description of One Ethical or Legal Concern Related to Counseling Families with Addiction Diagnoses

One ethical concern related to counseling families with addiction diagnoses is confidentiality. Confidentiality can be an issue because the person who has addiction diagnoses sometimes has a trust issue which can affect how they interact with the Therapist. It is the counselor duty to respect the confidentiality of his or Her client (ACA, 2014, Standard B.1.C). A counselor has to explain to the client What is confidential and what is not considered to be confidential.  A person who has an addiction diagnosis can be getting care from a different place and due to the “nature of managed care requires more extensive justification for treatment, and the number of individuals that need information about a person’s treatment is increasing”( Center For Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse, 2000) and this can cause a a significant issue with confidentially/

Reference

American Counseling Association (ACA). (2014). ACA Code of Ethics. Retrieved
from http://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf?sfvrsn=4

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Substance Abuse Treatment for Persons with HIV/AIDS. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (US); 2000. (Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series, No. 37.) Chapter 8—Ethical Issues. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK64933/

Van Wormer, K., & Davis, D. R. (2018). Addiction treatment: A strengths perspective (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage

Bottom of Form

Required Resources

• Van      Wormer, K., & Davis, D. R. (2018). Addiction treatment: A      strengths perspective (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage.
  • Chapter       10, “Family Risks and Resiliencies” (pp. 391-430)
• Epstein,      M., Hill, K. G., Bailey, J. A., & Hawkins, J. D. (2013). The effect of      general and drug-specific family environments on comorbid and      drug-specific problem behavior: A longitudinal examination. Developmental      Psychology, 49(6), 1151–1164.
  Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
• Jang,      M. H., & Ji, E. S. (2012). Gender differences in associations between      parental problem drinking and early adolescents’ internet addiction. Journal      for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 17(4), 288–300.
  Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
• Klosterman,      K., Kelley, M. L., Mignone, T., Pusateri, L., & Wills, K. (2011). Behavioral      couples therapy for substance abusers: Where do we go from here? Substance      Abuse & Misuse, 46(12), 1502–1509.
  Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
• Vernig,      P. M. (2011). Family roles in homes with alcohol-dependent parents: An      evidence-based review. Substance Use & Misuse, 46(4),      535–542.
  Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

Question

 

Question 1.1. (TCOs 1, 2) Participants in research early in psychology’s history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, texture, and other aspects of their conscious experience. These individuals would have been using a method called (Points : 2)

hypnosis.

objective introspection.

psychosurgery.

psychoanalysis.

 

 

Question 2.2. (TCO 4) The administration of Midwest State University wants to know if the arrangement of chairs affects student participation in classrooms. What would be a good operational definition of the dependent variable in an experiment designed to measure this relationship? (Points : 2)

Class size: under 50 or over 50

Number of students enrolled in each class

Chair arrangement: theater style or circular

Frequency with which students ask questions

 

Question 3.3. (TCOs 2, 3) Phineas Gage tragically had a tamping iron propelled through his head. Both left and right sides of the prefrontal cortex were severely damaged. As a result of the accident, Phineas Gage (Points : 2)

died from his injuries.

suffered loss of his arms and legs.

lost his sense of hearing.

suffered a change in personality.

 

 

Question 4.4. (TCOs 2, 3) What do we call the state of a neuron when it is not firing a neural impulse? (Points : 2)

Action potential

Resting potential

Myelination signal

Transmission impulse

 

 

Question 5.5. (TCOs 2, 3) _____ synapses make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas _____ synapses make it less likely that a neuron will send its message. (Points : 2)

Excitatory; inhibitory

Inhibitory; excitatory

Augmentation; depletion

Depletion; augmentation

 

 

Question 6.6. (TCO 4) Jamie, a toddler, is making distinctions about various aspects of color in terms of whether it looks red, blue, and so forth. In doing so, she is referring to its (Points : 2)

amplitude.

lightness.

hue.

reflection.

 

 

Question 7.7. ( TCO 4) What are the five primary tastes? (Points : 2)

Hot, sour, spicy, sweet, origami

Salty, sour, spicy, sweet, tart

Bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami

Peppery, salty, sour, sweet, acidic

 

 

Question 8.8. (TCO 4) Perception is the (Points : 2)

process by which people take all the sensations they experience at any given moment and interpret them in some meaningful fashion.

action of physical stimuli on receptors leading to sensations.

interpretation of memory based on selective attention.

act of selective attention from sensory storage.

 

 

Question 9.9. (TCO 5) Sid is taking part in research on the effects of sleep deprivation; he has been without sleep for 75 hours. Right now, researchers have asked him to sit in front of a computer screen and hit a button each time he sees the letter S on the screen. A few days ago, Sid was a whiz at this task; however, he is doing very poorly today. How are sleep researchers likely to explain Sid’s poor performance? (Points : 2)

Due to the sleep deprivation, Sid does not understand the task.

Microsleeps are occurring due to the sleep deprivation and he is asleep for brief periods of time.

He is determined to ruin the research because of the suffering he is enduring at the hands of the researchers.

He is probably dreaming that he is somewhere else and has no interest in responding to the “here and now.”

 

 

Question 10.10. (TCO 5) After taking a drug for several years, Bruce decides to quit taking it. He begins to experience a variety of physical symptoms, psychological symptoms such as irritability, and a strong craving for the substance. What term is used to describe what Bruce is experiencing? (Points : 2)

Tolerance

Physical dependence

Withdrawal

Drug intoxication

 

 

Question 11.11. (TCO 5) A client tells his therapist about a dream in which he drives his wife to the airport where she boards a plane. As the plane takes off, he is smiling. The therapist says the dream suggests a desire for a divorce. The therapist’s interpretation represents what Sigmund Freud called the dream’s ________. (Points : 2)

deep content

latent content

manifest content

subliminal content

 

 

Question 12.12. (TCOs 7, 8) Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry, her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry by drooling and whining. She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry, the sound of the door had become a(n) (Points : 2)

unconditioned stimulus.

conditioned stimulus.

unconditioned response.

conditioned response.

 

 

Question 13.13. (TCOs 7, 8) Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son’s face and yells at the top of their lungs “Shut up!” He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story? (Points : 2)

The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son’s screaming.

The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child’s screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married.

The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming.

Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement.

 

 

Page 2

 

Question 1.1. (TCOs 7, 8) For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen EXCEPT (Points : 2)

paying attention to what the model does.

remembering what the model did.

doing what the model did.

being reinforced for imitating the model.

 

 

Question 2.2. (TCO 7) A display of 12 letters is flashed on a screen in front of you followed by a tone. You attempt to recall a portion of the display based on the specific tone you heard. What aspect of your memory is this experiment designed to assess? (Points : 2)

Primary memory

Sensory memory

Long-term memory

Short-term memory

 

 

Question 3.3. (TCO 7) Adrianna is trying to memorize the names of the bones in the hand. She had gone through a list of them when her phone rang. After she gets off the phone, she is MOST likely to remember the first few bone names because of the (Points : 2)

elaboration effect.

recency effect.

primacy effect.

maintenance effect.

 

 

Question 4.4. (TCO 7) Which of the following pairings would result in the best overall memory? (Points : 2)

Sad during learning and happy at recall

Happy during learning and sad during recall

Serious during learning and serious during recall

Intoxicated during learning and sober during recall

 

 

Question 5.5. (TCO 8) Sally is enrolled in a high school geometry course, which she describes as “drawing figures and figuring drawings.” In a typical class, students draw geometric figures and use a formula to calculate an aspect of the figure, such as its area. Each time Sally uses a formula, she is making use of what psychologists call (Points : 2)

heuristics.

logarithms.

algorithms.

convergence.

 

 

Question 6.6. (TCO 8) Which of the following statements about gifted people is true? (Points : 2)

They are more likely to suffer from mental illnesses.

They are physically weaker than nongifted persons.

They are often skilled leaders.

They are socially unskilled.

 

 

Question 7.7. (TCO 9) Monica put all her time and energy into getting into the acting club because her main goal in life “was to be a famous star!” Monica’s drive to be famous was a(n) _____ drive. (Points : 2)

primary

reflexive

acquired

tertiary

 

 

Question 8.8. (TCO 9) Glenn believes he can learn from his mistakes and that study and perseverance will help him improve his intelligence. According to Dweck, what locus of control does Glenn have? (Points : 2)

Internal locus of control

Decremental

Incidental

External locus of control

 

 

Question 9.9. (TCO 9) You are walking in the forest and see a bear. According to the Cannon-Bard theory, what happens next? (Points : 2)

You experience physiological changes followed by fear.

You feel fear followed by physiological changes.

You experience physiological changes and a feeling of fear simultaneously.

You experience physiological changes and context appraisal followed by fear.

 

 

Question 10.10. (TCO 11) Carolyn took home some printer paper from the office. Later, she felt guilty for stealing it, so she brought some paper to work to replace what she took. Freud would suggest that Carolyn’s _____ was influencing her motives and behavior. (Points : 2)

id

unconscious mind

ego

superego

 

 

Question 11.11. (TCO 11) Ruth-Ann just graduated from high school; she is trying out for the soccer team at the college that she will attend in the fall. She knows that it will be more competitive than her high school team, but she believes in her ability to succeed and plans to practice all summer. Bandura would say that Ruth might have an edge over some competitors simply because she has (Points : 2)

high self-efficacy.

self-actualization.

set aside the time to practice.

an external locus of control.

 

 

 

Question 12.12. (TCO 11) Travis is a participant in the X-Games every year, which features events that are high-flying and exhilarating to watch or participate in, but also very dangerous to the competitors. Because Travis is willing to take chances with his health to get the adrenaline rush from these sorts of events, Cost and McCrae would argue that he ranks high on which of the five factors? (Points : 2)

Openness

Neuroticism

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Page 3

Question 1. 1. (TCOs 2, 3, 4) Describe how sound waves become nerve impulses as they enter the ear. How are the important characteristics of sound coded? (Points : 10)

 

 

Question 2. 2. (TCOs 5, 7) What are the main differences between physical dependence and psychological dependence? Give examples of both types of dependence. (Points : 10)

 

Question 3. 3. (TCOs 7, 8) What is the definition of language? What is the evidence, pro and con, as to whether nonhuman animals have a capacity for language? (Points : 10)

 

 

 

Question 4. 4. (TCOs 9, 11) Take three theories of emotion and apply them to one emotional event in your life. Be specific about the event and make clear connections to the theoretical assumptions. (Points : 10)

 

Question 5. 5. (TCOs 7, 8) Define learning. Given this definition, what types of behaviors would not be considered learning? How does the concept of instinctive drift relate to these examples? What types of behaviors would be included? (Points : 10)