Compare declarative and procedural knowledge and make connections to conditional knowledge

/in /by

Week 4: Perspectives on Learning

 

Introduction

 

So far in this course, you have examined the many ways in which individuals develop, and you have considered multiple influences on learning, including culture and community. Essential also to understanding the psychology of education is the study of theories of learning, which include cognitive, behavioral, and social-cognitive theories.

 

This week, you will begin looking at learning as a process and consider these various schools of thought as well as explore the constructivist approach, which is vital to experiential and meaningful learning.

 

Learning Objectives

 

A student will:

 

  • Compare declarative and procedural knowledge and make connections to conditional knowledge
  • Describe metacognition and how it can be used to enhance learning
  • Explain and analyze constructivist principles
  • Compare cognitive and behavioral views on learning
  • Explain how researching and summarizing articles broadens and deepens the perspective of educational psychology

 

 

 

 

Learning Resources

 

Required Resources

 

  • Course Text: Educational Psychology
    • Chapter 7, “Behavioral Views of Learning” (pp. 243-263)
    • Chapter 8, “Cognitive Views of Learning” (pp. 280-315)
    • Chapter 9, “Complex Cognitive Processes” (pp. 316-328)
    • Chapter 10, “Social Cognitive Views of Learning and Motivation” (pp. 346-366)

 

Optional Resources

 

 

  • PowerPoint Presentation: Behavioral vs. Cognitive Views of Learning
    http://psych.fullerton.edu/navarick/behavcog.ppt#258,3
  • Web site: Constructivism
    http://carbon.ucdenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/constructivism.html
  • Web site: Constructivism as a Paradigm for Teaching and Learning
    http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/constructivism/index.html

 

  • Content Review

  • Directions:

    • Respond to each item. Each response should be concise and between 2–3 paragraphs in length.
    • Use MS Word to write your responses, and submit your answers to all three questions in one Word document.
    • Copy and paste each question within the document, so that your instructor can see which question you are responding to.
    1. Motivating students to learn requires an understanding of individual students as well as of strategies and approaches to enhance motivation. Describe the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, using specific examples of each. Then, explain two or more of the possible implications of using each approach.
    2. Motivation or lack of motivation is often dependent upon one’s beliefs and patterns. Compare the concepts of self-efficacy and learned helplessness, describing a specific example of each. Be sure to explain how self-efficacy and learned helplessness might affect children’s motivation to learn.
    3. As Chapter 14 of your course text states, published tests and exams, including high-stakes tests, are relatively new, as they were created in the 20th century (Woolfolk, 2013, p. 548). Explain why parents need to be knowledgeable about testing, and based on what you have been learning, summarize at least two “indicators of effectiveness” under the “Assessment of Young Children” section of the NAEYC Position Statement: Early Childhood Curriculum, Assessment, and Program Evaluation that apply to assessing children of any age.

Psychological Statistic

/in /by
Psychological Statistic Simply reporting measures of central tendency or measures of variability will not tell the whole story. Using the following information, what else does a psychologist need to know or think about when interpreting this information? A school psychologist decided to separate some classes by gender to see if learning improved. She looked at student scores on the final exam and obtained the following information: Students in boy-girl classrooms obtained an average of 71.4 on their final exams with a standard deviation of 10.8 whereas students in single-gendered classrooms obtained an average of 75.9 on their final exams with a standard deviation of 8.2. She concludes that the single-gendered classrooms lead to better learning.

Effects Of Physical Development On Adolescents

/in /by

Think back to your experiences as an adolescent and the feelings and thoughts you had regarding your developing body. How did your burgeoning cognitive abilities impact your adjustment to the effects of puberty? Did the imaginary audience and personal fable have any impact on your behavior and beliefs? Keep these questions in mind as you examine the effects of physical development on adolescents.

The assignment: (3–4 pages)

  • Create a case study/scenario of an adolescent of either gender in which you describe the person, the physical changes he or she experiences, and the effect of those changes on his or her sexuality, relationships, and self-concept.
  • Describe the culture of the individual in the scenario and explain the influences of culture on the development of adolescence.
  • Be specific and justify your response with citations from the Learning Resources to support the information embedded in your case study/scenario.

Support your Application Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are asked to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.

 

One advantage that two-parent homes usually have over single-parent homes headed by the mother is

/in /by

1. Larry is a very aggressive four year old child. He watches many television programs that contain violence. It’s most likely that

A. he will become overactive.

B. he will become depressed.

C. his behavior won’t change.

D. his behavior will become more aggressive.

 

2. John is fighting daily with the other boys in the child care program. his mother recently remarried and John is now attending the program five days a week. Using a systems perapective to understand his behavior, you would consider

A. John’s base temperament and the changes in his family unit.

B. changes in his family unit and John’s new schedule.

C. John’s new schedule, his new family unit, and the age of the other boys.

D. John’s basic temperament, changes in his family unit, and John’s new schedule.

3. Which of the following situations is a cultural influence on behavior?

A. Mia is expected to baby-sit for her ciusin as a family duty.

B. Joseph can’t get huis driver’s license until he is 18 years old.

C. Maria has an earlier curfew than her older sister.

D. Michelle’s family is on welfare.

 

4. By the year 2000, maternal employment rates can be expected to

A. remain the same

B. decrease.

C. increase.

D. flutuate significantly in either direction.

 

5. One advantage that two-parent homes usually have over single-parent homes headed by the mother is

A. better discipline

B. higher income

C. higher moral standards

D. easier access to extended- family members
6. A child’s able to cope with the stress from perental divorce is strongly influenced by the.
A. number of children in the family.
B. presence of grandparents.
C. level of conflict in the family before and after the divorce.
D. temperament of his or her mother.,
7. Until recently, custody decisions were almoist solely on the.
A. gender of the parent.,
B. type of employment of the parent.
C. age of the child.,
D. income level of the parent.
8. which of the following statements is true of joint physical custody?
A. Joint physical custody isn’t legal in moist states.
B. Joint physical custody is usually diffcult for young children.
C. Joint physical is usually preferred by the court.
D. Joint physical custody is used only minimally.
9. Resiliency in children is best fostered by
A. a nurturing, supportive adult relationship.
B. stern discipline.
C. positive peer relationships.
D. financial resources.
10. Professionals who work with children and consider the effects of other perople, schools, and cultural values on the behavior of the children are taking a ( n )—– approach.
multidisciplinary.
B. ecological
C. developmental
D. humanistic
11. Which of the following factors will most likely result in a positive ex perience for a child?
A. the size of the school
B. thye location of the school
C.the qualification of the principal and teacher aide
D. The similarity of the school’s values and the family’s values
12. Jodi’s family home was recently destroyed by a fire while she was in school. She is sad and withdrawn and is having difficulty concentrating. Her response can be classified as ————— behavior

A.internalizing
B. externalizing
C. self-inflicted
D. immature
13. The stress factore which is likely to cause the most severe behavioral consequences for children is.
A. living in a stepfamily
B. having a working mother
C. living in persistent poverty.
D. witnessing damage to the neighborhood by a flash flood.
14. Mike watches a lot of television programs that contain violence. When he sees an older child “bullying” a younger one in the park, you would expect him to
A. ignore it.
B. call an adult.
C. come to the aid of the child.
D. join in.
15. Study have demonstrated that” latchkey children”
A. have no difficulty in caring for themselves.
B. are at risk for behavior related to peer pressure.
C. are usually over the age 14.
D. are primarily children who live in the inner city.
16.Which of the following sets of factors is most influential in contributing to violence?
A. Child abuse and poor nutrition
B. Persistent poverty and poor nutrition
C. Media violence and poor- quality schools
D. Persistent poverty and widespread substance abuse.
17. Which of the following statements is true in families where domestic violence occurs?
A.The children are less likely to be victims of abuse.
B. The children may use aggressive behavior when dealing with conflict.
C. Girls are effected by the violence more than boys.
D. School-age children are less affected than preschoolers.
18. Which of the following statements implies rules of confidentiality?
A. You can tell the librarian that you heard that Joey’s father was arrested for drug use.
B. Parents must give permission to release school records to the child’s therapist at the community clinic.
C. You can’t discuss your observations regarding Susan’s behavior at a meeting with teacher and school nurse.
D. Maria’s aunt can come to the classroom and get a copy of her lasdt month’s report card.
19.Based on the number of homeless children who attended school in 1995, you could conclude thyat the 1987 Education of Homeless Children and Youth program
A. isn’t working as well as it should. \
B. didn’t provide support to local school districts.
C. has effected positive changes in school attendance for homeless children.
D. has removed all obstacles for maintaining the school attendance for homeless children.
20. Which of the following children is most at risk for experiencing a secere stress reaction?
A. Nathan, who watches the news coverage of a hurricane in another city
B. Mary, who had to stay overnight in a shelter with her parents during a severe ice storm
C. Carlos, who watched as his mother and sister were pulled from their burning home
D. Rose, who helped her grandfather collect emergency flood supplies for their home.