Describe two circumstances when a counselor would use the Release of Information (ROI) signed by a client.

/in /by

Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resources on your own before you bid. You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. Grammar, Writing, and APA Format: I expect you to write professionally, which means APA format, complete sentences, proper paragraphs, and well-organized and well-documented presentation of ideas. Remember to use scholarly research from peer-reviewed articles that are current. Sources such as Wikipedia, Ask.com, PsychCentral, and similar sites are never acceptable. Each classmate’s post is listed so please respond separately.

Read your classmates’ postings. Respond to your classmates’ postings.

  • Respond to all colleagues by discussing the elements of the mini script that you liked, and why. What might you add or have said differently?

1. Classmate (K. Tri)

Betty it’s good to see you again. This is our second time meeting, last time we discussed your mood episodes and the different types of ways you feel. You shared that at times you don’t feel at your best, and it seem like things are falling apart one by one. I’m sorry that you’re not feeling well from day to day basis. Betty, how do you feel today at this present moment?  Do you feel that you have made improvements with your actions?  I have to be honest betty I am a little concern with your episodes and feel that we need to take father actions so that you could properly receive that help that you need. What I am mostly concerned about are your behavior during your episodes. According to the (2013) the essential feature of a manic episode is a distinct period during which there is an abnormally, persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and persistently increased activity or energy that is present for most of the day, nearly every day, for a period of at least 1 week. This is what makes me concerned betty, you have been struggling with your modes and actions for several weeks now. You show signs of 4 to 5 symptoms that needs to be addressed. Would you agree to that?

Betty, I would like to refer you out to a psychiatrist to receive more assistance with you diagnoses. First, of all I feel you may need to be placed on medication to assist with daily living. Myself as a counselor it’s out of my scope to prescribe medication, but I could point you in the right direction. Secondly, I feel that since this is only the second time we have met I feel that this could be a major part of you begin whole again. This is what we call Collaborative behavior healthcare, With proper counsel and medication treatment I can see you raising above the stars to maintain a balance controlled life. Betty would you agree this maybe something you need? Great! In your first meeting I shared with you that I would never disclose your personal information unless I refer you to another professional or unless you agree too by signing. Another reason I would share your Release of information (RIO) if you are threaten to hurt yourself or someone. Would you sign on this dotted line so I could release your background to other professional to better serve you.

Reference:

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. (2013). Washington, D.C.:

American Psychiatric Publishing.

2. Classmate (R. Haw)

rovide an explanation of why counselors refer clients to a psychiatrist for a psych eval (what is and what is not in our scope of practice).

When dealing specifically with bipolar disorder (as with other mental illnesses), it is important to understand that it is believed that most forms have biological as well as environmental origins, and therefore, treatment will be most effective with a combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy (Sinacola, Peters-Strickland, & Wyner, 2020).  Given this, it is important that the counselor understand the importance of referring the client to a psychiatrist for further evaluation.  It is not within the mental health counselor’s scope of practice to suggest or prescribe medications.  According to the ACA Code of Ethics (2014), Section C.2.a states that counselors are to “practice only within the boundaries of their competence, based on their education, training, supervised experience, state and national professional credentials, and appropriate professional experience (p.8).  It is, however, within the mental health counselor’s scope of practice to recognize the effect that physical illness has on mental illness, and to subsequently refer the client to the appropriate medical professional (Sinacola et al., 2020).

Explain what collaborative behavioral healthcare is.

The American Psychiatric Association describes a collaborative care model as one in which the primary care provider leads a team that includes psychiatrists, behavioral health managers, and other mental health providers to develop and implement a client care plan that is patient-centered, and is based on best practices to meet clinical goals (APA, 2020).

Include a description of two circumstances when a counselor would refer a client for a psych evaluation.

  1. A client exhibits signs and symptoms of Bipolar Disorder Type      1 – i.e. describes episodes of mania, depression, or mixed mood states      (Sinacola et al., 2020).
  2. A client exhibits signs and symptoms of Schizophrenia – i.e.,      reports experiencing hallucinations, delusions, or paranoia (Sinacola et      al., 2020).

Describe two circumstances when a counselor would use the Release of Information (ROI) signed by a client.

  1. When working as part of a collaborative care team to include      the client’s primary care provider, psychiatrist, and/or any other mental      health professionals involved in the patient’s care.
  2. When the client wishes to allow other people to have access      to their care plan, i.e. a spouse, child, etc.

Include an empathetic reflection to Betty:

Betty came to her second session with you describing what appear to be manic and depressive episodes. You have valid questions and concerns and want to get a formal psych eval.

How would you explain to Betty that you have concerns about her symptoms and want to refer her to see a psychiatrist for evaluation? Write out a mini script showing what you, the counselor, might say to Betty.

Betty, based on what you’ve described, I believe that you may be experiencing symptoms of Bipolar Disorder.  I can see that these symptoms are causing you significant distress, and I’m concerned about the possible long-term effects they could have on your mental and physical well-being.  I realize this may sound scary, but I want you to understand that this is a physical condition that affects your brain chemistry.  The good news here is that it is treatable.  The first thing we need to do, however, is to have you undergo a formal assessment to determine for sure if this is what is causing your symptoms.  Once we get that established, we can move forward with finding the treatment plan that works best for you.  So, are you open to a referral?  I’d be happy to help you set something up.

References:

American Counseling Association. (2014). ACA code of ethics. Retrieved from http://www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/2014-aca-code-of-ethics.pdf?sfvr

American Psychiatric Association. (2014). Learn about the collaborative care model. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/professional-interests/integrated-care/learn

Sinacola, R. S., Peters-Strickland, T., & Wyner, J. D. (2020). Basic psychopharmacology for mental health professionals (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.

3. Classmate (S. G-C)

Betty, your description of having mixed mood states leads me to believe we need to refer you to a psychiatrist for what is called a psychological evaluation. When a client shows signs of depression, anxiety, or mixed mood states such as yourself it is best to refer to a psychiatrist because through medical testing and assessments, they can help determine what is truly going on and help get you back on track (Sinacola, Peters-Strickland, & Wyner, 2020). As a counselor, diagnosing certain mental disorders and prescribing medications are outside of my scope of practice. However, you can still receive psychotherapy through collaborative behavioral healthcare, where you see both a psychiatrist for medication management and a therapist for counseling (Sinacola, Peters-Strickland, & Wyner, 2020).

If medications are prescribed, they can allow you to have relief from your symptoms so you can benefit from the counseling experience. Research has shown that clients that receive psychotherapy along with medication for mental disorders are more likely to be successful with medication compliance and are less likely to have a recurrence of the mixed mood episodes you have been dealing with (Miklowitz, 2020). To make sure we give you the best care I would like to use a Release of Information (ROI) form and get your permission to give information to the psychiatrist and receive information back (Charters, 2003). I would also like to include your primary care physician (PCP) to ensure there are no adverse reactions and that what the psychiatrist prescribes will comply with any other medications you receive from your PCP.

I can see that this is upsetting you, but you are not alone. It helps to include a family member or caregiver in the treatment plan to help you cope with this new way of managing everyday life; and I would need a ROI for that as well if you would like me or your psychiatrist to discuss your care and medications with whomever you designate (Charters, 2003). Also, joining a support group can help you understand what it is like to live this type of disorder and seeing that others share your type of symptoms can also normalize the experience for you.

Reference

Charters KG. (2003). HIPAA’s latest privacy rule. Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice, 4(1), 75–78.

Miklowitz, D.J. (2020). Psychotherapy in Addition to Medication Brain and Behavior Research Foundation. Helps Bipolar Disorder Patients Avoid Relapse and Manage Their Symptoms, Study Determines. Brain and Behavior Research Foundation. Retrieved December 22, 2020 from https://www.bbrfoundation.org/content/psychotherapy-addition-medication-helps-bipolar-disorder-patients-avoid-relapse-and-manage

 

Sinacola, R. S., Peters-Strickland, T., & Wyner, J. D. (2020). Treatment of Bipolar Disorder. In, Basic psychopharmacology for mental health professionals (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.

Required Resources

Sinacola, R. S., Peters-Strickland, T., & Wyner, J. D. (2020). Basic psychopharmacology for mental health professionals (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.

· Chapter 6, “Treatment of Bipolar Disorder”

Required Media

TED. (2017, February). Helen M. Farrell: What is bipolar disorder? [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/helen_m_farrell_what_is_bipolar_disorder

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 6 minutes.

TED. (2011, May). Joshua Walters: On being just crazy enough. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/joshua_walters_on_being_just_crazy_enough

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 6 minutes.

Optional Resources

Brain and Behavior Research Foundation. (n.d.). Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved June 11, 2019 from https://www.bbrfoundation.org/research/bipolar-disorder

Depression and Bipolar Support Allliance. (n.d.). Retrieved June 11, 2019 from https://www.dbsalliance.org/

International Bipolar Foundation (n.d.). Healthy living with bipolar disorder book. Retrieved June 11, 2019 from http://ibpf.org/webform/healthy-living-bipolar-disorder-book

Psychopharmacology Institute (2019). Bipolar disorder treatment guidelines: A 2019 update. Retrieved on June 13, 2019 from https://psychopharmacologyinstitute.com/guidelines/bipolar-disorder-guidelines/

Do the researchers clearly discuss the implications of the findings and how they relate to theories, other findings, and actual practice?

/in /by

Final Project, Part I: Evaluate a Qualitative Study

For Part I of your Final Project, you will comprehensively evaluate an article of your choice that reports on a qualitative study. (Remember, a study that uses qualitative methods utilizes data that is not numerical.) Locate an article in the professional literature that addresses a topic you are interested in. Use the Area of Interest interactive (Links to an external site.) to assist you with this process. The article you select should describe a qualitative study and should have all or most of the expected sections, either with their own headings or embedded in the article, including: Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, and Discussion.

In writing your evaluation of the article, you will use the information in Section 3.3 in your text. Do not simply tell what is in the article, but evaluate it using the questions in your text. Explain and justify your evaluation based on specific examples from the article.

Your paper should be 2100-2800 words (not counting the title, abstract and reference pages) and comprehensively evaluate an article of a qualitative study. Use proper APA formatting and good writing and organization in your evaluation paper.

In addition to your 2100-2800 word paper, upload a .pdf copy of the article to the Waypoint dropbox.

The following questions may help you in evaluating your articles, though you do not have to follow this format exactly. Be sure not to format your review as a Q/A list of responses. Rather construct a cohesive narrative focused on key themes in the literature.

  1. Evaluate the Introduction and Literature Review.
    • Do the researchers present an adequate rationale for conducting the study? Explain.
    • What is the significance of the study?  What difference will it make to the field?
    • Is the literature review thorough and comprehensive?
    • Do the researchers demonstrate any potential biases in the literature review?
    • Are all important concepts clearly defined by the researchers?
    • Do the researchers clearly describe previous methods that are relevant to understanding the purpose for conducting this study?
  2. Evaluate the Purpose Statement.
    • Does the article clearly state the purpose statement?
    • What is the purpose statement as expressed in the article?
    • Is the purpose statement clearly based on the argument developed in the literature review?
  3. Evaluate the Methods Section.
    • Is a particular qualitative research design used (ethnography, case study, etc.)?  If so, what is it?
    • Is the research design consistent with the purpose presented in the introduction?
    • Did the researcher introduce any bias in the procedures used?
    • What type of sampling method is used?  Is that appropriate?
    • Are relevant demographic characteristics of the sample clearly identified?
    • Do the methods of sample selection used by the researchers provide a good representative sample, based on the population?
    • Are there any apparent biases in selection of the sample?
    • Is the sample size large enough for the study proposed?
    • What data collection method was used in the study (such as direct observation, interviews, survey)?
    • Is there an adequate description of the interview protocol or other instruments used?
    • What biases or limitations might there be in the data collection method?
  4. Evaluate the Results Section.
    • How were the qualitative data analyzed?
    • Is the analysis method clearly described?
    • In describing the results, are concrete examples of the data clearly linked to identified themes, concepts, and/or theories?  Are these examples adequate?
  5. Evaluate the Discussion Section.
    • Do the researchers clearly restate the purpose and research questions?
    • Do the researchers clearly discuss the implications of the findings and how they relate to theories, other findings, and actual practice?
    • Do the researchers identify potential limitations of the study and the results?
    • Do the researchers identify possible directions for future research?
  6. Remaining Questions.
    • What aspects of qualitative methods do you still find challenging?
    • Was there any information in the above list that you were not able to find in the article you chose?

Point Value: 17 Points
Weekly Learning Outcome Alignment: 3
Course Learning Outcome Alignment: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.) for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment.

Write on the potential ethical issues that might arise during the study you choose. What can you do to minimize their potential? What would you do if faced with your ethical concerns?

/in /by

This paper requires the student to justify their actions when faced with an ethical dilemma. Choose one of the following ethical dilemmas and reflect upon what you would do if you were the researcher.

1. You are interviewing college women who are anorexic, but whose anorexia is no longer active, about their schooling experiences. You have arranged to interview each of your participants at least five times over two consecutive semesters. During the third interview with one participant, just after the winter holidays, you begin to suspect that her anorexia is active again because of her obvious weight loss and a few of her comments. When you ask her how her health is, she replies that she is feeling great. What do you do?

2. You are working on an intellectual biography of a well-respected police chief. Most of your interviews are with the chief who has obviously consented to your request to compose an intellectual biography, including some attention to his formative years. You are reading all of his published works and interviewing some family members as well as significant colleagues. In the process, you uncover some potentially damaging or, at the least, unflattering information about his private life. What do you do?

3. You are inquiring into a refugee resettlement program in a small southern city, with particular interest in educational aspects and community involvement. Through development of rapport and time spent volunteering with the program, you begin to learn how an early immigrant is seemingly taking financial advantage of recent refugees. He is charging for information and services that should be provided through the settlement program and people are going to him, rather than trying to get their needs met through the program. You want to protect the new refugees from exploitation and to report the behavior of the earlier immigrant, yet you also worry that perhaps you don’t fully understand what is happening culturally. What do you do?

Write on the potential ethical issues that might arise during the study you choose. What can you do to minimize their potential? What would you do if faced with your ethical concerns?

Assignment Specifics:

· Student will write a 10-12 paper (choose from one of the three)

· Citations from 10 scholarly sources

· Citations from any of the required reading/presentations from the assigned module

· APA format

explain how the study might have been affected and how the outcomes might have changed if one of the other treatment outcome models had been used.

/in /by

Scenario 1:

A woman was released from prison after completing a 24-month outpatient sex offender treatment program. She was required to participate in this treatment after she was convicted of sexually abusing a child. Three weeks after she was released from prison, she returned to the prison setting for violating conditions of her parole after she was found guilty of shoplifting. Because of this new conviction, her parole was deemed a failure, and in eight months she would again appear before the parole board.

Scenario 2:

A man was on probation for the conviction of theft by deception (writing bad checks). As a component of his probation, he was required to check in with his probation officer and comply with mandated substance abuse treatment for a possible drinking problem. During the sixth week of treatment, he was arrested for and later convicted of flagrant nonsupport (failure to pay child support).

Scenario 3:

A male juvenile completed a 16-week outpatient sex offender treatment program after he was convicted of sexual assault. Shortly after he completed the program, he was arrested for and convicted of rape under adult sentencing guidelines.

On the surface, it certainly appears that the above scenarios portray treatment failures rather than treatment successes. But maybe not. How would you determine whether a treatment or treatment program is successful? How would you select from the various treatment outcome models to ensure better treatment success? This week, you delve into these questions in a search for answers.

Before beginning treatment, practitioners are required to address treatment goals. Goals can be specific or broad and range from cessation of substance abuse and regularly checking in with authorities to compliance with medication requirements and avoiding specific locations and environments. Goals are usually developed in collaboration, with input from legal authorities, mental health professionals, and patients. Patient and community safety need to be taken into consideration as well. Goals for treatment are referred to as “outcomes.” Outcomes need to be considered during treatment, during review of professional literature, and when evaluating the efficacy of treatments.

The three treatment outcome models are recidivism, relapse, and harm-reduction. Each type of outcome exists independently of the others. For example, a person may be considered a treatment success in the harm-reduction model even though he or she has had a relapse and has returned to the criminal justice system. Determining the success of treatment depends on the goals and desired treatment outcomes agreed upon at the onset of practice. Additionally, in professional literature, treatment outcomes often are indirectly defined. To comprehend the research in your field and to be an effective practitioner, it is essential to understand treatment outcome models and discern how these models are used.

As a forensic treatment practitioner, you work to prepare individuals for their return to a more normal life with a reduced likelihood of future problems. Your understanding of treatment outcomes affects how you formulate your treatment plan. It also affects discussing treatment alternatives with interested parties, designing treatment programs for various types of offenders, and communication with criminal justice officials. You are ethically obligated to explain to interested parties the benefits of treatment as well as the limitations of what you are able to offer. For this very reason, the forensic treatment provider must have a well-established understanding of treatment outcome models. Central to that understanding is a familiarity with current literature in the forensic treatment field and an ability to discern how it relates to your professional practice. That being said, treatment outcome has more to do with services in the forensic setting than just professional journal articles. Treatment outcome has serious implications for the individual, society, and the professional planning of services.

To prepare for this Discussion:

· Review the Treatment Outcome Models document, and select one of the three treatment outcome models that is of particular interest to you for use with this Discussion.

· Conduct an academic search in the Walden Library, and select at least one scholarly article from a peer-reviewed journal that uses the treatment outcome model (recidivism, relapse, or harm-reduction) you selected.

· Reflect on the results of the study in terms of the outcome model you selected.

· Consider how the results of the study might be different if one of the other two treatment outcome models had been used. Think about how the outcomes might change.

· With these thoughts in mind:

· By Day 5

· Post a brief summary of the research article you selected, including an identification of the treatment outcome model used in the study. Then explain how the study might have been affected and how the outcomes might have changed if one of the other treatment outcome models had been used.

· Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the resources.

·

References

Barnett, G. D., & Howard, F. F. (2018). What doesn’t work to reduce reoffending? A review of reviews of ineffective interventions for adults convicted of crimes. European Psychologist, 23(2), 111–129.

Hachtel, H., Vogel T., & Huber, C.G. (2019). Mandated treatment and its impact on therapeutic process and outcome factors. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 10, 219.

Howard, M. V. A., de Almeida Neto, A. C., & Galouzis, J.J. (2019). Relationships between treatment delivery, program attrition, and reoffending outcomes in an intensive custodial sex offender program. Sexual Abuse, 31(4) 477–499.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Hsieh, M.-L., Hamilton, Z., & Zgoba, K. M. (n.d.). Prison experience and reoffending: Exploring the relationship between prison terms, institutional treatment, infractions, and recidivism for sex offenders. Sexual abuse-a journal of research and treatment, 30(5), 556–575. 

Vandiver, D. M., Braithwaite, J., & Stafford, M. C. (2019). An assessment of recidivism of female sexual offenders: Comparing recidivists to non-recidivists over multiple years. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 44(2), 211-229. 

Document: Treatment Outcome Models (PDF)