Discussion: Applying Differential Diagnosis To Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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 Discussion: Applying Differential Diagnosis to Neurodevelopmental Disorders

 Social work clinicians keep a wide focus on several potential syndromes, analyzing patterns of symptoms, risks, and environmental factors. Narrowing down from that wider focus happens naturally as they match the individual symptoms, behaviors, and risk factors against criteria A–E and other baseline information in the DSM-5.  Over time, as you continue your social work education, this process will become more automatic and integrated. In this Discussion, you practice differential diagnosis by examining a case that falls on the neurodevelopmental spectrum.

To prepare:  Read “The Case of Bogdan” and identify relevant symptoms and factors. You may want to make a simple list of the symptoms and facts of the case to help you focus on patterns. Read the Morrison (2014) selection. Focus on Figure 1.1, “The Roadmap for Diagnosis,” to guide your decision making. Identify four clinical diagnoses relevant to Bogdan that you will consider as part of narrowing down your choices. Be prepared to explain in a concise statement why you ruled three of them out. Confirm whether any codes have changed by checking this website: American Psychiatric Association. (2017, October 1). Changes to ICD-10-CM codes for DSM-5 diagnoses. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/updates-to-dsm-5/coding-updatesBy

Day 3 Post a 300- to 500-word response in which you address the following:  Provide a full DSM-5 diagnosis of Bogdan.

Remember, a full diagnosis should include the name of the disorder, ICD-10-CM code, specifiers, severity, and the Z codes (other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention). Keep in mind a diagnosis covers the most recent 12 months. Explain the diagnosis by matching the symptoms identified in the case to the specific criteria for the diagnosis. Identify which four diagnoses you initially considered in the case of Bogdan, using the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria to explain why you selected these four items. In one or two sentences each, explain why three of these diagnoses were excluded. Explain any obvious eliminations that could be made from within the neurodevelopmental spectrum. Describe in detail how Bogdan’s symptoms match up with the specific diagnostic criteria for the primary disorder that you finally selected for him. Note two other relevant DSM-5 criteria for that illness from the sections on “diagnostic features” and “development and course” that fit his case.

By Day 6 Respond to at least two colleagues in the following ways:  Compare the diagnosis you provided and the process in which you reached the diagnosis with those of your colleague. Explain how the Z codes (other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention) that your colleague identified may influence Bogdan’s upcoming treatment.

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    caseofB.pdf

Psychodynamic Explanation Of Behavior Paper

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Psychodynamic Theory Scenario

Timothy is a 32-year-old Caucasian male who is married with 2 male children, ages 2 and 4. He grew up in a household with 2 older sisters, making him the youngest child. His parents are still married, and he has a close relationship with his mother. As a child, Timothy began playing sports at 6 years old and quickly excelled. When he was 9 years old, he broke his ankle playing baseball and took 6 months to recuperate. Despite his injury as a child, he played on his school’s baseball team throughout middle school and high school. In high school, he struggled to maintain his grades in his classes and focused the majority of his attention on sports and friendships. He was quite popular and made friends easily.

After high school, he earned a scholarship to a local junior college for baseball, and he continued to play while he finished his associate’s degree. After college, he obtained a job with his father’s company to pay the bills, but he did not feel any type of attachment to or satisfaction from it. He married his wife when he was 26 and has been the main financial provider for his family.

He is seeking career counseling because he has been unable to find and maintain a job that provides him with meaning and satisfaction.

*There are a few theories under the psychodynamic perspective, and they have their similarities and differences in regard to how they explain behavior. This assignment will allow you to see these differences as you discuss an individual’s behavior through a theoretical lens.

Read the Psychodynamic Theory Scenario.

Select 1 of the following theories to apply to the individual in this scenario:

  • Alfred Adler: individual psychology
  • Carl Jung: analytical psychology
  • Erik Erikson: post-Freudian theory

Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper that discusses how this theory explains the behavior of the individual in the scenario. Include the following:

  • A description of the main concepts within the theory
  • An explanation of how the main concepts of the theory may apply to the individual
  • A description of the ways this theory explains this individual’s personality well and where it falls short

Format your paper according to APA guidelines.

Which Is Better For Investigating the Impact of Music on my Client’s Mood?

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Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resource on your own before you bid. Main references come from Balkin, R. S., & Kleist, D. M. (2017) and/or American Psychological Association (2014). You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. I have also attached my discussion rubric so you can see how to make full points. Please respond to all 3 of my classmates separately with separate references for each response. You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation like peer-reviewed, professional scholarly journals. I need this completed by 10/05/19 at 4pm.

Expectation:

Responses to peers. Note that this is measured by both the quantity and quality of your posts. Does your post contribute to continuing the discussion? Are your ideas supported with citations from the learning resources and other scholarly sources? Note that citations are expected for both your main post and your response posts. Note also, that, although it is often helpful and important to provide one or two sentence responses thanking somebody or supporting them or commiserating with them, those types of responses do not always further the discussion as much as they check in with the author. Such responses are appropriate and encouraged; however, they should be considered supplemental to more substantive responses, not sufficient by themselves.

Read your colleagues’ postings. Respond to your colleagues’ postings who proposed the opposite method from the one you selected as the ideal method for investigating the question and justify why you chose the alternate method.

1. Classmate (M. Chr)

Quantitative Research  Study

This week for this discussion the question how does music impact mood was posed. This means that in order to research this question my design would need to involve two different types of data. The first type of data is quantitative data which is numerical and is based on gathering numerical data in terms of percentages and more. This is also a way to get a baseline for data (Laureate Education, 2017). Thus, one way I could get quantitative data is by implementing a survey to the participants asking if different genres of music affect their mood. This survey could be a scaled score seeing which genres tend to have a higher percentage of participants whose mood is affected by music. I could even be specific and ask questions first like how often do you feel you listen to music and give them choices like an hour a day and more.

Qualitative Research Study

The second type of  data would be very easy to collect for this research question which is qualitative data. I need to keep in mind that to gather qualitative data, one of the easiest ways for me to collect it would be to use the culture around me (Laureate Education, 2017). For instance, I hear songs when people are driving with the windows down at a stoplight and the person in the car is dancing which to me clearly indicates the music is affecting their mood.. I could also have participants come in and listen to different tracks from different genres and see if right then and there it affects them as they are listening to it.  I could also write down observations as I am talking to them of what I see what when I am watching them listen to music. This also includes observing their body language

Which Is  Better For Investigating the  Impact of Music on my Client’s Mood? 

When I think about this research question, I have to think about which type of data I would want to use. When I was looking for articles in the Walden library, I was unable to yield any research articles that dealt with music being impactful to one’s mood,  However, through googling I did find a few scholarly articles but they did not really deal with the question I was looking at. They dealt with things like the function of music. Thus, after thinking, I personally think that I qualitative data would be best for researching this question. One reason is because I think this particular research question should be experienced through the people (Laureate Education, 2017). This means that to get the best data I can out of this question I would be observing the people listening to music. Than I would interview them (Laureate Education, 2017).

Summary

In conclusion, there are two different types of data to consider as I mentioned. When thinking about a research  question, it is important to realize what kind of information I am seeking with my question, and that will lead to my determination of which type of data would be the best fit. I may find out as well  that as I am investigating the research question that I may need to have one type of data first then end up needing a little bit of the other to get a clear answer to the question (Laureate Education, 2017).I have also  figured out that collaboration is a great tool to use to collect large amounts of data from multiple locations or even from more spread out locations such as a beach (Laureate Education, 2017). Thus, for this particular question, I would  utilize qualitative data, and by utilizing these types of data, the question will be answered in a clear and concise way that will allow for possible future research to be done.

Resources:

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017). Qualitative methods: An example [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017). Quantitative methods: An example [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017m). Roundtable: Research methods [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

2. Classmate (J. Fun)

Quantitative Investigation

In quantitative research the typical process includes gathering participants, obtaining measures, evaluating data, and communicating results. I could quantitatively investigate how music impacts mood by using percentages. Percentages are often helpful in describing the participants of a study or nominal variables (Balkin & Kleist, 2017). In this case, percentages could provide information of different variables related to those listening to music. For example, a percentage of those who enjoy listening to music and those who don’t, a percentage of different activities participants participate in while listening to music. In quantitative research the typical process includes gathering participants, obtaining measures, evaluating data, and communicating results. In quantitative research, the nature of collecting data involves providing numeric values for phenomena (Balkin & Kleist, 2017).

Qualitative Investigation

Qualitative research produces knowledge that allows us to understand the human meaning of events, situations, contexts, experiences, or actions; the particular contexts within which actions and experiences take place; social and psychological processes by which events and actions take place; and the unanticipated phenomena and influences of experiences and processes (Maxwell, 2013, as mentioned in Balkin & Kleist, 2017). I could use this to investigate how music impacts mood by researching the psychological process, mood, and experience felt while someone is listening to music.

Best Choice for Investigation

I would utilize qualitative research to investigate this question due to its ability to provide insight into the feelings and thoughts participants may have in studies that study the impact music has on their mood. In particular, researching descriptions, interviews, journals, etc., that participants may have used to communicate these feelings and thoughts towards music.

References

Balkin, R. S., & Kleist, D. M. (2017). Counseling research: A practitioner-scholar approach. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017e). Introduction to research design [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017m). Roundtable: Research methods [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

3. Classmate (L. Lan)

The research question that we are investigating is how does music impact mood? If we were to design a quantitative study to test this question, we would need to develop an operational definition of what is to be measured, in this case, mood (Balkin, 2017). We are looking at how variables relate to one another, known as correlational research because we know that “quantitative research is useful when the research question examines relationships between variables” (Balkin, 2017; Laureate Education, 2017). Ideally, a random sampling of participants would need to be gathered in order to be representative of the general population, but this can be challenging (Balkin & Kleist, 2017). As Dr. Smeaton notes while describing his quantitative study, it is difficult create a representative sample when when researchers are often reliant on convenience sampling (Laureate Education, 2017). In this case, researchers would need to be careful not to only gather participants who are interested in music or who listen to music frequently.

In order to measure how music impacts mood, a researcher might provide a questionnaire to participants for them to report how they feel before listening to certain types of music and again after.  A researcher might also measure participants cortisol levels before, during and after listening to a certain type of music. All of these numbers would need to be analyzed and interpreted in order to make a generalization about the impact music has on people’s mood (Balkin & Kleist, 2017).

Qualitative Research Study

Qualitative relies primarily on words, documentation and some type of description (Laureate Education, 2017). In this case, we are looking at the participant’s experience with music and their perception of whether or not it impacted their mood. A researcher using a qualitative method might also go about gathering a representative sampling and interviewing participants about their experiences with music and how they noticed their moods changing or not.
Which is better for investigating the impact of music on my client’s mood?

For this study, I believe that a mixed methodology is best. As Dr. Wilson notes in the video, “it’s hard to describe something with numbers when it’s an experience you’ve had”, and mood is certainly a personal experience (Laureate Education, 2017). I think a qualitative approach would be helpful in gathering details about the type of music and how it changes a person’s mood, given that there are so many types of music and so many moods. This would provide a narrative to the way that music impacts mood (Balkin & Kleist, 2017). That being said, a quantitative approach might be helpful in gathering a larger sample of the population since a survey instrument can more easily be disseminated to a large group of people and the numbers can be analyzed and interpreted.

Summary

Reading and listening to this week’s resources, I’m overwhelmed at the detail and complicated considerations that go into designing a research study. A simple question like “how does music impact mood?” could be examined by so many different approaches both qualitatively and quantitatively.

References

Balkin, R. S., & Kleist, D. M. (2017). Counseling research: A practitioner-scholar approach. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017). Qualitative methods: An example [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017). Quantitative methods: An example [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017m). Roundtable: Research methods [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Required Resources

Balkin, R. S., & Kleist, D. M. (2017). Counseling research: A practitioner-scholar approach. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

  • Chapter 4, “Types of Research”
  • Chapter 5, “Fundamental Concepts in Quantitative      Research”
  • Chapter 10, “Fundamental Concepts in Qualitative      Research”

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017e). Introduction to research design [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 14 minutes.

Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Credit: Provided courtesy of the Laureate International Network of Universities.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017m). Roundtable: Research methods [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 26 minutes.

Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Credit: Provided courtesy of the Laureate International Network of Universities.

Optional Resources

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017). Quantitative methods: An example [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 13 minutes.

Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Credit: Provided courtesy of the Laureate International Network of Universities.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2017). Qualitative methods: An example [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 11 minutes.

Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

Explain what the goal is of your assigned assessment/evaluation method.

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Assessment in the Workplace

W2_D1.jpgAfter reading Chapters 3 and 4 in your text, the article, “Self-Assessment and Dialogue as Tools for Appreciating Diversity”, and watching the required videos, consider the following: Testing and assessment are critical components of selection, recruitment, and the training and development processes in any business or organization. Organizations approach assessments in a multitude of ways.

  • Research one of the following evaluative protocols (based on your first name) that might be used by an I/O psychologist or manager to assess an employee’s performance.
    • A through G: A peer evaluation
    • H through R: An observational evaluation
    • S through U: A subordinate evaluation
    • V through Z: A 360° appraisal

Start your search by using the key words in the library’s search tool as well as google.

W2_AU_Library_Search.png

W2_Internet_Search_Results.png

  • Describe the assessment/evaluation you have been assigned.
    • Apply appropriate citations which may include your text, required article and videos, website sources, and additional peer-reviewed articles.
  • Explain what the goal is of your assigned assessment/evaluation method.
  • Analyze the possibility of bias in your assigned assessment/evaluation method.
    • Does your assessment suggest the potential of possible bias? Why?
  • Describe the potential effects your assessment/evaluation method might have on the workplace (good and bad).
  • Identify at least two strengths and at least two weaknesses of the assessment that you discuss based on your research. (Remember to cite your sources.)

Your initial post should be between 300 and 350 words. You must use at least one scholarly, peer-reviewed source that was published within the past five years. Cite all information from your sources according to APA guidelines as outlined in the In-Text Citation Helper: A Guide to Making APA In-Text Citations (Links to an external site.). List each of your sources at the end of your post according to APA style as shown in the sample page for References (Links to an external site.).

Guided Response: Review several of your classmates’ posts. Respond substantively to at least two of your peers (original postings) who were assigned a different assessment protocol.

  • Discuss how your peer(s)’ assessment/evaluation tool differed from yours.
  • Does yours’ or your peer’s assessment promote more unbiased results?
  • Would you rather utilize your peer’s chosen assessment or the one you located, when performing an evaluation? When being evaluated? Why?
  • Continue to monitor this discussion board through 5 PM (Mountain Time) on Day 7 of the week.
  • Be sure to also respond to your instructor’s comments to you in this forum by Day 7 (when applicable).