Write 1 page thesis on the topic unit vii assessment#1 gaussian plume models. Unit VII Assessment Gaussian Plume Models affiliation. Introduction Gaussian plume model is among the main air pollution dispersion models.

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Write 1 page thesis on the topic unit vii assessment#1 gaussian plume models. Unit VII Assessment Gaussian Plume Models affiliation. Introduction Gaussian plume model is among the main air pollution dispersion models. This method of modeling assumes that the air pollutant dispersion contain the Gaussian distribution such that the pollutant has been distributed using a normal population. They are often used for prediction and dispersion of continuous buoyant air pollution originating from elevated sources. (Nieuwstadt and Dop ,1975).

Examples of Gaussian models include Parsimonious Gaussian Mixture Models and Latent Gaussian Models which includes Factor Analysis Model. Other models that have regional scale puff models and Eulerian grid models (Gaujar,2010).

Screen 3 models are an air pollution dispersion method used to investigate environmental aspect and condition of the atmospheric air (Livermore, 1998).it is a model designed to estimate worst case ground level concentrations of a single source as well as that in a cavity zone and the concentrations resulting from inversion break and shoreline fumigation. Therefore, SCREEN3 is a screening version of the ISC3 modeling. Its initial modeling works towards removing the need for a complicated modeling and helps in saving time and resources (Gaujar, 2010). It was developed in 1995 following the Gaussian plume modeling to cover regional scales. (Nieuwstadt and Dop, 1975).

SCREEN3 has various advantages compared to other modeling types. First, it investigates ground level concentrations over large zones saving on time consumptions and minimizing resource inputs. It also covers models over any terrain while setting up any sources and pollutants in one file, it sets thresholds concentrations quickly while identifying specified value. In addition it analyses results in different formats such as graphical, text and use of tables (Nieuwstadt and Dop, 1975).

However, SCREEN3 has some constraints in that it is not suitable for smaller scales and its software required skilled personnel to use (Gaujar 2010).

References

Evaluation of a curium release using air surveillance monitoring data and EPAs SCREEN3 model. (1998). Livermore, Calif: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ..

Gurjar, B. R. (2010). Air pollution: health and environmental impacts. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis.

Nieuwstadt, F. T., & Dop, H. v. (1975). Validation of a multiple source diffusion model based on the Gaussian plume model. De Bilt: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute.

Create a 2 pages page paper that discusses hip disorders in the pediatric population. Basic Assessment Techniques for Hip Dislocation in the Pediatric Population Basic Assessment Techniques for Hip Dislocation in the Pediatric Population

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Create a 2 pages page paper that discusses hip disorders in the pediatric population. Basic Assessment Techniques for Hip Dislocation in the Pediatric Population Basic Assessment Techniques for Hip Dislocation in the Pediatric Population

Introduction

Hip dislocation is a common physiological problem in the pediatrics since it develops mostly during the gestation period due to the movement of the fetus in the womb. The problem is rife among children under the age of two years, but it can easily be diagnosed through physical examination at this stage (Byrd, 2012). The practitioners will often ask the parents specific questions to determine the degree of dislocation. Some of the questions include: Does the child feel pain while walking?. Did you encounter any complications during delivery?. and: Does the child find difficulty while walking or standing? There are three main techniques for assessing whether a child is suffering from this complication. They include Ortolani test, Barrow maneuver, and Galeazzi’s test. Hip dislocation is a prevalent physiological problem in the pediatrics, which can develop before, during or after birth, but it can be diagnosed through the Ortolani test, Barrow maneuver, and Galeazzi’s test.

Assessment of Hip Dislocation

Ortolani Test

The Ortolani test is performed by the medical examiner placing his/her hands over the child’s knees with the thumbs on the medial thigh while the rest of the fingers apply some slight pressure on the trochanter area as well as the lateral thigh. With slow abductions being performed on these areas, the dislocated hip will often reduce with a palpable “cluck.” The intensity of instability of the hip is categorized into two depending on the results of the examination. Positive Ortolani is a situation where the hip is dislocated and reducible at the same time. Negative Ortolani implies the hip of the child is dislocated, but it is irreducible (Byrd, 2012).

Barrow Maneuver

Barrow maneuver involves the examiner guiding the child’s hip into a kind of abduction movement by applying some mild force with his/her thumbs. In the event that the bones of the child are not stable, the femoral bone will slide over the rear rim of the acetabulum bone while producing some noticeable sensation of subluxation or dislocation. Relatively, the degree of instability is measured by the results of the test. If a dislocation is evident, then the test can be said to be positive Barrow, but if the hip is characterized by mild instability, that can be termed as a subluxation or rather a negative Barrow test (Godley, 2013).

Galeazzi’s Test

In this case, the child to be examined is made to assume a supine position while his/her legs are bent at ninety degrees with the feet being kept flat over a level surface. The practitioner will examine the child to ascertain any differences between the two knees. If one knee tends to be lower than the other, this is an indication of a dislocation in the lower side of one hip (Byrd, 2012).

It is advisable that new-born babies should be examined through physical techniques rather than using radiographic methods that can affect them. In the event that an examination indicates a positive hip dislocation, the child should be referred to an orthopedic for specialized attention (Byrd, 2012). However, in the case of children aged two years and above, ultrasonography has been found to be the most efficient technique for determining any traces of hip dislocation since the bones around the area have matured and differentiated, making it possible to carry out a medical examination. In children between the ages of 2 and 3 years, Ortolani and Barrow’s maneuver are often less sensible because unilateral dysplasia is present in an asymmetrical manner on the side of the dislocated hip, and thus the legs of the affected children will often turn outside, leaving some gap between the legs. In walking children aged three years and above unilateral dislocation results in the dislocated hip having a shorter leg than the other (Fleisher & Ludwig, 2010).

References

Byrd, J. W. T. (2012). Operative hip arthroscopy. Heidelberg: Springer. Retrieved from http://www.worldcat.org/title/operative-hip-arthroscopy/oclc/811139639/viewport.

Fleisher, G. R., & Ludwig, S. (2010). Textbook of pediatric emergency medicine. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health. Retrieved from http://www.worldcat.org/title/textbook-of-pediatric-emergency medicine/oclc/502393128/viewport.

Godley, D. R. (2013). Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 26(3), 54–58. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/jaapa/Abstract/2013/03000/Assessment,_diagnosis,_and_treatment_of.11.aspx.

Compose a 500 words assignment on transport and logistics and e-commerce. Needs to be plagiarism free! of Institute] of Discipline] ‘Transport and Logistics’ and ‘E-Commerce’ Submission]

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Compose a 500 words assignment on transport and logistics and e-commerce. Needs to be plagiarism free! of Institute] of Discipline] ‘Transport and Logistics’ and ‘E-Commerce’ Submission]

The Present day advancements in information and technology are the talk of the town. These advancements have embedded themselves into the lives of the human race like nothing before them had ever done so.

E-Commerce or Electronic Commerce as it may very well be narrated as is undoubtedly among the most beneficial outcomes of the technological advancements that the current human generation can be extremely proud of. E-Commerce has given a new meaning to trade and embeds various advantages within it that were non-existent before its advent. These include the bridging up of the gap of geographical locations, enabling the comparison of stocks of a product at various retailers without having to visit them personally etc. An entire e-commerce business can exist virtually except it logistics and transport operations that have their own physical existence. These operations are often spread over a large span of geographical locations especially in the case of internationally acclaimed e-commerce transactions. It is in such similar situations that logistics becomes one of the most complex areas in an e-business.

It is often a preferable notion that e-commerce web portals sublet their logistics and transport related operation to third party vendors. These vendors are required to assist a business with its supply chain, warehousing of goods, and consolidation of shipments, order fulfillment and reverse logistics. A very good example of efficient and reliable third party vendors is MRL Logistics.

The third party vendors such as MRL Logistics often generally renounced as ‘Third Party Logistics Organizations’ provide the following facilities to an e-commerce business:

The flexibility and economical nature of costs and control of expenses required at the onset of a business is well addressed along with the provision of scalability whenever required.

MRL Logistics specializes in its area of logistics and transport. This is very convenient for e-commerce websites as the purpose of their business needs the most of their focus. Spending too much attention on transport and logistics may result in neglecting of basic operations.

E-Commerce and Logistics are both separate ever-growing domains that need separate evolution and refurbishment on their own end. Its best suited that the people specializing for this task and fully updated in it be approached for it as they specialize in it.

MRL Logistics proudly distinguishes itself as a provider of exemplary, impeccable and cost effective Transport and Logistic needs of your business. If you want your logistic needs to be fulfilled perfectly, with time efficiency and security of your freight than what else could be better than getting it done from MRL Logistics?

If you are commencing your ecommerce website today then look at no place other than www.mrllogistics.com.au where every newbie would be welcomed with a 20% discount!

REFERENCES:

Dr S.J.C.M. Weijers, Dr D. Rouwenhorst, P. Huijbregts, Dr Ing S. Rozemeijer. Virtual Certainties about E-commerce, Transport and Logistic. Transport Research Centre. [Online] June 2001http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/55/33/2682542.pdf 19 October, 2011.

Khurana, A. Third Party&nbsp.Logistics. About.com. n.d. [Online] http://ecommerce.about.com/od/eCommerce-Trends-and-Issues/a/Third-Party-Logistics.htm 19 October, 2011.

Rodrigue, P., J. Logistics and E-Commerce. The Geography of Transport Systems. 2011. [Online] http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch5en/conc5en/ecommercelog.

research paper on cell structure (bio slp mod 1). Needs to be 2 pages. Please no plagiarism. Cell Structure -Deep-water Horizon Oil Spill Cell Structure -Deep-water Horizon Oil Spill Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

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Need an research paper on cell structure (bio slp mod 1). Needs to be 2 pages. Please no plagiarism. Cell Structure -Deep-water Horizon Oil Spill Cell Structure -Deep-water Horizon Oil Spill Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell

The cell is the building unit in living organisms both simple and complex. Consequently living things can be broadly classified into prokaryotes or eukaryotes depending on their cell structure. These two groups differ by their subcellular structure where eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack these organelles. Eukaryotic cell, therefore, contain complex structures formed by internal membranes and cytoskeleton whereas, prokaryotic cells are simple with less complex structured organelles. Theorists postulate that prokaryotes were the only form of life for millions of years before eukaryotes come into being through evolution. Additionally, the majority of prokaryotes are unicellular with an exception of a few such as cyanobacteria while eukaryotes are multicellular.

Archaea

These are single-celled prokaryotic organisms that differ from bacteria and eukaryota in many ways. Their size and shape resemble that of bacteria but contain genes and metabolic processes similar to those in eukaryotes. Unlike bacteria, some archaea have irregular shapes.

Nitrifying bacteria

These are prokaryotic organisms that derive their energy from inorganic sources. They are subdivided into two major groups. ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) that oxidize ammonia to nitrite, and nitrate oxidizing bacteria (NOB), which oxidize nitrite to nitrate. Examples of the AOB group are the Nitrosomonas Sp while Nitrobacter Sp belong to the NOB group.

Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria

These are chemolithotrophs bacteria that utilize ammonium as a source of energy. They oxidize ammonia to nitrite. Examples include the Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrosospira, and Nitrosolobus species.

Gram-negative VS Gram-positive bacteria

Gram negative bacteria are bacteria that have a thin peptidoglycan (polymer) matrix, which comprises the cell membrane of the organism. Consequently these bacteria do not retain the crystal violet dye used in gram staining technique. On the other hand, gram positive bacteria contain a thick layer of this polymer matrix, thus retain the primary stain in gram staining giving them purple appearance.

Hydrocarbon

These are organic compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen elements. These compounds are abundant in nature and occur mostly in the form of crude oil. Hydrocarbons, therefore, are the main source of energy readily available as a combustible fuel.

Bioassay

This is a scientific assay that employs the use of live organisms to determine the biological activity of a test substance. These tests are useful in investigating the effects (toxicity) of an element accidently introduced in an ecosystem. For instance, the effect crude oil spills on the surface and deep-water marine life. Bioassays can be qualitative or quantitative.

Microtox bioassay

Microtox is a commercial bioassay kit that monitors growth activity of Vibrio (Allivibrio) Fischeri. The growth of the microorganism is monitored and quantified through bioluminescence.

Crude oil

This is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon liquid found beneath sedimentary rocks. This organic compound can be refined into various petroleum products, which form the various types of biofuels.

Biodegradation

Biodegradation is the breakdown of organic or inorganic matter into primary elements by living organisms. This process is mediated by enzymatic processes in the living cells and bacteria form the majority of organisms used in this process.

Sensitivity Bioassay study

The study by Urakawa (2012) investigated the toxicity of oil spills on nitrifying microorganisms. In this study, both nitrifying bacteria and archaea toxicity were reported at 0.1-10ppm concentration of the contaminant (Urakawa, et al 2012). However, archaea were reported to have a higher sensitivity to toxicity than bacteria. The toxicity sensitivity to crude oil also varies with species among nitrifying bacteria group, with N. maritimus showing a higher sensitivity than the rest (Urakawa, et al 2012). A significant difference in sensitivity is also noted between betaproteobacterial, which showed a higher sensitivity than gammaproteobacterial ammonia oxidizers (Urakawa, et al 2012). To determine the impact of chronic toxicity on microorganisms, Urakawa (2012) challenged the growth of heterotrophs with increasing doses of toxicity from zero to 10 ppm oil concentration (Urakawa, et al 2012). Significantly this group had a low sensitivity compared to that of nitrifying bacteria.

References

Urakawa, H. et al. (2012). “A sensitive crude oil bioassay indicates that oil spills potentially

induce a Change of major nitrifying prokaryotes from the Archaea to the Bacteria.