Write 8 pages with APA style on Is speaking of addiction in terms of sin illuminating, dangerous, or both.

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Write 8 pages with APA style on Is speaking of addiction in terms of sin illuminating, dangerous, or both. For Christians, abstinence and “temperance” are the only acceptable types of behaviour with respect to the consumption of addictive substances (Cook, 2006). Applying this reasoning to addiction is illuminating because it establishes boundaries in which addiction can be judged. It is dangerous only because it does not recognize the scientific pathology of addiction. Scientifically, addiction is a disease and unless the addict seeks the appropriate therapeutic treatment, the addict has no control over his or her craving for the addictive substance (Cook, 2006). As such, the addict cannot control his or her consumption and cannot abstain. Moreover, an addict who has fully recovered from his or her addiction will be complying with Christian tenets if he/she practices temperance but would be acting in a manner inconsistent with Scientific standards. These scientific standards dictate that temperance would create the addiction all over again. Theological definitions of addiction place it squarely in the realm of sin. One such definition perceives addiction as “the inability to say no because of captivity to pathological desires” (Myers, 2001, p. 89). It can be assumed that the pathological desires as cravings and/or dependency. …

 

Compose a 1500 words assignment on the violation of human rights. Needs to be plagiarism free! Speaking about those countries where a woman doesn’t have any rights it is necessary to point out that the situation hasn’t almost changed since the last century. A man can do everything to his wife, even to kill her, while having no punishment for this.

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Compose a 1500 words assignment on the violation of human rights. Needs to be plagiarism free! Speaking about those countries where a woman doesn’t have any rights it is necessary to point out that the situation hasn’t almost changed since the last century. A man can do everything to his wife, even to kill her, while having no punishment for this.

The next issue concerns the female organizations that try to fight for their rights. There are many such organizations in the world, mind you, that most of them are situated in those countries with the lowest level of domestic violence. In Muslim countries, only a few organizations managed to survive in the tough world of male dominance. These organizations strive for introducing laws that will to some extent protect the victims of domestic violence. These laws are to set stricter punishments for those in crime. “Most legal and community-based interveners now received at least some training on the dynamics of domestic violence, many agencies had protocols in place for responding to cases involving battering, and general community awareness increased exponentially during the course of three decades” (Erwin, 2006).

And the third issue refers to the spreading of these ideas around the world. It is without a doubt that the initiator of these reforms is the USA. Here the democratic society found forces to fight social inequality. The main argument of these reforms is that women who are the most often victims of domesticс violence cannot protect themselves because they are physically weaker. That is why it is necessary to introduce the reforms that will avert such acts of violence. This can be done only through stricter punishment. “The generalized understanding of domestic violence in the United States focuses on a more individualistic understanding related to either the power and control of a batterer over a victim or a pseudotherapeutic model that speaks of phases of violent episodes and the learned helplessness of battered women” (Erwin, 2006).

research paper on post disaster shelter reconstruction. Needs to be 12 pages. Please no plagiarism.

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Need an research paper on post disaster shelter reconstruction. Needs to be 12 pages. Please no plagiarism. Research has shown that sustainable post-disaster shelter reconstruction is crucial in strengthening resilience and provides full and equitable benefit (Ganapati & Ganapati, 2009 p.57). The principle of sustainable post-disaster shelter reconstruction requires that such reconstruction should meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the capacity of the coming generations to meet their needs (Ahmed, 2011 p.159).

There are certain challenges hinder sustainability in post-disaster shelter reconstruction and they include: massive displacement crisis, extensive physical destruction and limited accessible land. Effective shelter reconstruction in urban setting must therefore balance between all interests including, social equity, environment, as well as the economy. Provision of shelter in urban setting after a disaster should be considered as an integrated approach where technical, socio-economical, institutional as well as environmental concerns are considered in each and every stage of the reconstruction process (2010 p.103). As indicated by Hayles (2010 p.104), post-disaster shelter reconstruction process should ensure sustainable results not only with regard to design and construction activities, but also in ensuring ease of access to supply of water, roads as well as sanitation systems. Integrated approach to shelter reconstruction is therefore very important and should include livelihood opportunities, social structures and safety opportunities.

This paper focuses on post-disaster shelter reconstruction in urban environments with specific reference to shelter and settlement planning. It outlines the planning process for post-disaster shelter reconstruction within urban and critically analyses the roles of shelter practitioner including needs assessment, methodological approach, settlement planning & design and construction.

Provide a 4 pages analysis while answering the following question: The analysis of thymine and its derivatives by electron-ionisation and chemical-ionisation mass spectrometry. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required.

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Provide a 4 pages analysis while answering the following question: The analysis of thymine and its derivatives by electron-ionisation and chemical-ionisation mass spectrometry. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. Aromaticity of Thymine is due to the alignment of conjugated double bond and empty orbital of Nitrogens in the ring. Resonance also plays part in stabilizing the molecule. Thymine exists in different tautomeric form but the lactam form is the most stable and the form present in DNA structure. Thymine has the structure of an aromatic heterocyclic ring with two carbonyl attached to 2nd and 4th Carbon. A methyl group is attached to 5th Carbon. The first and third position of the ring is a Nitrogen atom. Both Nitrogen has unoccupied orbital that participates in stabilizing aromatic property of the molecule. Coupling of Thymine and 2-Deoxyribose creates the nucleoside Deoxythymidine which is commonly called Thymidine. One common mutations found in DNA are two adjacent pyrimidine bases commonly Thymidine that upon irradiation with UV-light will cause mutagenesis and therefore inhibits the process of translation. Thymine Thymidine Mass Spectrometry A mass spectrometer produces a spectrum of masses based on the structure of a molecule. The mass spectrum is not a spectrum with respect to electromagnetic radiation, as in the case or IR and NMR. Instead, it is a spectrum of plot of distribution of ion masses corresponding to the formula weight of the molecule, fragments derive from the molecule, or both. For the past years, advances in technology leads to well developed and precise mass spectrometric technique primarily used for structure determination and quantitative work. Mass spectrometers for structure elucidation can be classified according to the method of separating the charged particles. Most common methods are Magnetic Field Deflection, Quadrupole mass Spectrometry, Time of Flight, Ion-Cyclotron resonance and MS/MS (Tandem Mass spectrometry). The general procedure for a mass spectral analysis comes in subsequent steps. Feedingof sample in the Mass Spectrometer and undergoes vaporization. Vaporization is required if the starting substance is in liquid form. In most cases, this comes from an HPLC unit. GC-MS has been widely renowned for its convenience and accuracy. Components are then ionized using variety of techniques. This step is the determining factor for which kind of substance the mass spectrometer can effectively analyze. Biological sample are often ionized using Electron impact, Chemical ionization and the most recent Electron Spray Ionization. Contact with ions creates charge to various species of the sample. They are then separated according to their mass to charge ratio in a mass analyzer. The ions are detected by a transducer and then reported as spectral lines in mass spectra. Mass Spectral Analysis of Thymine Mass Spectra using Electron Ionization technique for Thymine has Molecular Ion peak at 126 m/z at almost 100% abundance. The intensity of the molecular ion peak depends on the stability of the molecular ion. Thymine is an Aromatic molecule so has the greatest stability of the molecular ion. M+1 ion is also evident as consequence of using Electron Ionization technique in ionization step. Lower m/z lines were due to fragments of Thymine. Mass Spectroscopic Analysis of Thymidine Derivatives Oxidation of Thymine in DNA Changes in DNA structure such as oxidations in DNA bases pose a major role in mutagenic initiation and degenerative diseases. Peroxyl radicals (ROO) has been found to cause must of the oxidations in the body.