Health Issue
provided research study, “Salmonella in the Caribbean.” Throughout the course, you will complete milestone assignments that are drafts of specific sections of the final project. Because these milestone assignments are drafts of the final project, you will notice that some critical elements in the rubric are identical to those in the Final Project Rubric. Tips for tackling each critical element are in italics throughout the document. In your first milestone, you will review the research study and analyze the health issue at its core. Use the research you conducted in your Module One journal assignment to help you analyze the health issue. Prompt: To begin, review the final project research study, “Salmonella in the Caribbean.” Then, address the following critical elements in your short paper: II. Health Issue: In this section of your final project, you will analyze the health issue in focus in the research study. A. Describe the risk factors associated with the public health issue. Support your description with evidence from the research study and your independent research. B. Describe the mode of transmission of the public health issue. Support your description with evidence from the research study and your independent research. C. Determine the incidence and prevalence of the health issue using the data from the research study to perform the appropriate calculations. Tip: Use the data in Table 1 of the final project research study to calculate the incidence of the Total of Serotypes. Also, use the incidence to help you determine the prevalence of the disease. D. Determine the mortality rate of the health issue using the data from the research study to perform the appropriate calculations. E. Interpret the odds ratio to determine the strength of association between the potential sources of exposure and the disease. Tip: Use the data in Table 2 of the final project research study to calculate the odds ratio. Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your paper should be a 1- to 2-page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and APA formatting and citations.
Original work only
The file that I upload is week one so this can help you with this assignment
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Order Paper NowRunning Head: Salmonella in the Caribbean 1
Salmonella in the Caribbean 4
Angela Brown
Salmonella in the Caribbean
Southern New Hampshire University
The two articles that I have choose to write about is outbreak of multidrug- resistant salmonella infections link to pork – Washington 2015 and outbreak of salmonella Heidelberg infections linked to a single poultry producer- 13 states 2012-2013. After reading about the outbreak of multidrug- resistant salmonella infections link to pork I learned that on the basis of cases investigated before August 2015, a supplemental questionnaire that went into more detail in addressing meat and livestock exposures was developed. Among 80 patients (42% of all confirmed cases) who were interviewed, 59 (74%) reported eating pork during the 7 days preceding illness. This was significantly higher than the most recently published (2007) Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) population survey of healthy persons, in which 43% reported eating pork in the week before they were interviewed. After reading the outbreak of salmonella Heidelberg infections linked to a single poultry producer I have learned that initial state-based interviews found that chicken was commonly consumed by the persons with infections. A structured questionnaire was developed to collect detailed information on chicken and other exposures noted during initial interviews, and exposures commonly linked to Salmonella Heidelberg, such as eggs. Of 70 patients who responded, 55 (79%) reported consuming chicken in the week before illness onset, a percentage significantly higher than the 64.9% reported in the 2006–2007 foodborne diseases active surveillance network (FoodNet) Population Survey of healthy persons. These resources will be helpful. Plasmids are mobile genetic elements that can be gained or lost relatively easily, which might explain the variable resistance profiles. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (e.g., ceftriaxone) is clinically important because extended-spectrum cephalosporins are commonly used for treatment of severe salmonellosis in children. WADOH and PHSKC investigation into the source of pork traced the pork consumed by 35 (59%) of the 59 interviewed patients who reported eating pork back to a U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service–inspected pork slaughter establishment in Graham, Washington. This was the largest Salmonella outbreak in Washington in recent history, and highlights that pork is an important source for human Salmonella infections. Best practices in all parts of the pork production industry, from farm to processing plant, can help reduce the risk for future outbreaks. In addition, prevention strategies that include rigorous Salmonella control in pork slaughter establishments in conjunction with food handling education at the wholesaler and restaurant level should be strengthened.
Reference
CDC. Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) population survey atlas of exposure, 2006–2007. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/foodnet/surveys/foodnetexposureatlas0607_508.pdf
US Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service. Class I recall—news release: Kapowsin meats recalls pork product due to possible Salmonella contamination. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service; 2015. http://goo.gl/osPJOl
CDC. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria (NARMS): human isolates final report, 2013. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2015.
Varma JK, Molbak K, Barrett TJ, et al. Antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella is associated with excess bloodstream infections and hospitalizations. J Infect Dis 2005;191:554–61. CrossRef PubMed
CDC. Foodborne outbreak online database. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2015. http://wwwn.cdc.gov/foodborneoutbreaks
Dickson JS, Hurd HS, Rostagno MH. Salmonella in the pork production chain. Report no. 03558-3/13. Des Moines, IA: National Pork Board (US); 2013. http://www.pork.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/salmonellaproductnchn.pdf
