Explain the role of the perception of pain and the impact of culture on perception of pain, identifying and usage trends of applied behavioral science unique to different groups.

Manage Discussion Entry

• Identify the type of pain your client is experiencing for which applications of applied behavioral science are appropriate (e.g., arthritis, bone or joint pain, muscle pain, fibromyalgia, migraine headaches, cancer pain, post-surgery, etc.).
 Jessica a 35 year old lady, a formally very active lady, was involved in a tragic car accident leaving her with damage to her vertebrate, causing her constant back pain. She is becoming very depressed at her now dependency, being stuck in a wheelchair. She is starting to gain weight from the depression, and is no longer motivated to attend physical therapy.

• Describe any psychological factors and emotional states of your client which appear to impact her or his mental and physical health (e.g., depression, anxiety, general level of satisfaction with life).
 Jessica has become so depressed, at times she does not want to even get out of bed. She is not use to relying on other to care for her, and feels like a burden to her one and only daughter. She feels held back from all the normal activities that she use to participate in, going jogging, dancing, and even having to quit her full-time job. She is in such pain, it makes it hard for her to even move, although she is supposed to be attending physical therapy, she feels like she sees no improvement and it’s causing her pain, so she has cut back from going. With this depression and over eating, this can lead to further problems if she does not change her eating habits. This can lead to obesity, and further more even more complications. “Obesity predisposes individuals to a variety of health risks, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, asthma, and sleep apnea( McCarthy; DeLisa; Getzfeld; McCarthy; Moss-King; Mosser;Privera; Spence;Walker; Weinberg; Yousself- Morgan, 2016. Section 3.4, par 3).

 • Indicate the client’s locus of control and health motivation. Utilize terminology outlined in your reading.
 Jessica at times has no motivation. Her depression has gotten the best of her. With the help and support of her daughter, she realizes she needs to push through these physical therapy sessions or she will be stuck in that wheelchair for good. Since she loves the outdoors, her daughter is now taking her to the park to the walking chair, encouraging her to push herself, while still being able to enjoy the outdoors that she so dearly misses. She is now changing her eating style, and attending physical therapy sessions again. She has faced the facts, and realized she needs a change in her lifestyle if she wants to get better. Her motivation is growing and her depression is subsiding.

• Identify any additional stressors your client is experiencing that may exacerbate her or his pain experience.
With her negative thinking she was becoming more depressed. She would get frustrated and give up when she couldn’t achieve something on her own.

 • Based on the reading, identify at least one pain management technique you believe would best reduce the pain experience in this situation.
Because of Jessica’s love for the outdoors I believe, Mindfulness – based stress Reduction can help with her depression. This has been shown to “ reduce stress and anxiety symptoms, negative mood related feelings, depression, and even increase self-esteem and improve overall functioning”( 4.3, par 21). Being able to just be outdoors, watching sunsets, enjoying the outdoors can help lift her spirits and give her a new outlook on life. “ Meditation can be a great healing process.
“techniques, such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, distraction, medi-tation, and guided imagery have been shown to significantly reduce pain”( Haozous, Doorenbos; Ardith; Stoner,2016 par 2).

• Examine the application of your selected pain management technique in relation to the same situation within a different culture. Explain the role of the perception of pain and the impact of culture on perception of pain, identifying and usage trends of applied behavioral science unique to different groups.
All cultures are different, we all look to healing within our own beliefs. Many different cultures believe in more natural ways of healing. A study done on, American Indians and Alaska natives showed,”specific activities mentioned including drumming, traditional crafts such as beating and pottery, Gathering and using traditional herbs, prayer and working with a medicine person or traditional Indian medicine practitioner.”( Haozous; Doorenbos; Ardith; Stoner,2016. Pg. 238, par.1). With Indians believing in natural herbs for healing, and the love of outdoors, I believe Mindfulness- based stress Reduction would be a pain management technique they use as well.