Describe the historical antecedents of operant conditioning.

/in /by

Assignment 2: LASA 1—Operant Conditioning and Superstitions

Many people believe that superstitions are absolutely true. This often causes them to believe and act in ways that are out of the norm either to avoid a negative outcome or to bring about a positive outcome. However, the origins of all superstitions lie in operant conditioning (for example, wearing the same shirt worn during a victory game to all future games in order to ensure victory).

In this assignment, you will examine the process by which operant conditioning can lead to the formation of a superstition.

Using the module readings, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, research the development of operant conditioning and its basic principles. Then, address the following:

  • Describe the historical antecedents of operant conditioning. What factors led to the rise of operant conditioning?
  • Describe the principles/concepts which can be applied to explain the process by which operant conditioning can lead to the development and maintenance of superstitions.
  • Brainstorm to come up with a number of superstitions you may have heard or read about. Using your knowledge and vocabulary of operant conditioning, choose one of these superstitions. Then, describe in detail, the thinking processes involved that resulted in the acquisition and perpetuation of this irrational belief.
  • Describe a specific aspect of the operant conditioning process that leads to these beliefs becoming so deeply ingrained and long standing in nature.
  • Explain whether a person can ever be rid of superstitions. What methods can be used to help such a person?
  • Interview a family member or friend to discover a superstition that he or she believes in. Explain the nature of the event that led to the formation of this superstition. Does this information fit with your understanding of how the operant conditioning process results in the development of superstitions? Why or why not?

Reflection: Looking Forward: Your Promise to Yourself and to Walden

/in /by

Assignment 2: Reflection: Looking Forward: Your Promise to Yourself and to Walden

You are a human in a virtual environment. You are going to learn next to many other students who will bring multiple perspectives to the learning environment. Your Walden community will provide support to you, just as you will provide support and different perspectives to the other students in your classes. Positive social change is a pillar of Walden’s philosophy. An important part of any first term course is reflecting on what the start of your educational journey means while defining your goals and how you plan to achieve them.  Considering the reasons you enrolled in this university, your place in it and in your world, and how you’ll function as a human who will learn in a technological world, are important to your success.

This week is an opportunity to further reflect on the last six weeks by adding onto, revising and proofreading the rough draft you began in Week 4.  Writing is a process, not a one-time event.  Strong writers know that the proofreading and editing involved in revising their work is crucial to producing their best final draft.  You’ll be practicing these skills as you finalize your own draft of the Reflection Assignment.

To prepare for the Assignment:

  • Review the instructions in the Week 4 Assignment 2 area.  Pay particular attention to the four Parts and ensure you have addressed each of these sections: Today I am, I Promise To…, How I Will Become Part of the Walden Community, and Visual Representation.
  • Access the Rough Draft Reflection you submitted in Week 4.
  • Review the comments and feedback your instructor made for your Week 4 Rough draft.
  • Review the Week 6 Reflection Assignment Rubric.
  • Use the Week 6 Reflection: Revision Guidelines document found in this week’s Learning Resources to guide you through the revision process.

Assignment Instructions:

By Day 7

Submit a 3- to 5-page paper that that represents a finalized version of your Reflection Paper Assignment.

Make sure all four sections are included, you have a clear structure with an introduction and conclusion, and that you’ve met all AWE guidelines, as well as any expectations described in the Week 6 Reflection Assignment Rubric.  Include your rough draft either as a separate file or at the end of your final draft to demonstrate the revisions you’ve made.

Discussion : Comparing Three Theories

/in /by

For this week’s discussion you will consider the scenario below and respond in detail to each of the questions below. Here is the scenario you will use:

Roberta has come to counseling because she is contemplating a divorce from her husband of 12 years. She has been unhappy in her marriage for several years and doesn’t think that she and her husband can rekindle the interest necessary in their relationship to make it work. To complicate the situation, she has been seeing a married co-worker for several months on the sly and is sexually involved. Roberta thinks she loves the man she is having an affair with and would like to marry him. Though he wants to continue seeing her he has made it clear that he is unwilling to end his marriage or break up his family to be with her. Roberta and her husband have three young children and she knows a divorce would be crushing to the children. She’s come to you for counseling to sort through these issues.

 

1. In your opinion, which of the following counseling theories would you prefer to use to try and help her: Person-centered, Gestalt or Reality? Choose only one and explain your reasoning in detail.

2. Using your chosen theory from question 1, would you go about helping her sort through her confusion? Be sure to bring in concepts from your chosen counseling theory to show how you would specifically work with her.

3. Roberta is looking for answers to questions she feels unable to answer herself because she is so emotionally involved. After she tells you her story she asks you to give your perspective and advice on what she should do. How would you respond to this request? What potential problems might arise if you do give her direct advice? What potential problems might arise if you don’t give your perspective? Be specific and detailed in your response.  What would your chosen counseling theory have to say about giving direct advice?

4. At the end of the session, Roberta is very distraught and asks if you would be available to meet her for coffee later that day to continue the conversation in a more casual environment. Under what circumstances might this be appropriate, if at all? What potential conflicts might this create? Be specific and draw upon information from your text and lecture materials to support your points.

In this discussion, you will have the opportunity to apply one of the theories that you’ve learned about, to a real-world scenario.  I can’t wait to see the theories that you all choose, for this assignment!

Given the specifics of this case study, I think that it is important to keep in mind our discussion of values, from Module 1.  For many of us, this “client’s” behaviors might contradict our values.  In fact, her behaviors may not be in line with her own value system.  While choosing a theory and writing your response to this discussion, please keep this in mind, and let us know if you might address this.

I can’t wait to read your responses!

As a clinician, how will you apply knowledge of familial patterns when conducting clinical intake interviews with a clients?

/in /by

with

What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Why is it notoriously difficult to treat, with few clinicians willing to take on individuals diagnosed with BPD as clients?

 

Question 2

 

For those of you who have access to the DSM-IV or DSM-V, please discuss first-degree relative familial patterns for the following disorders:

 

Alcohol Dependence

 

Major Depression
Antisocial Personality Disorder
As a clinician, how will you apply knowledge of familial patterns when conducting clinical intake interviews with a clients?

 

These are discussions question a 150 words to state in your own words with reference

 

Please put answer under question