Health Impact of the Public Transport System

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Health Impact of the Public Transportation

TLMT 311 Introduction to Transportation Management, Summer

American Public University

Instructor Tommy Rect

 

Health Impact of the Public Transport System.

There are various modes of public transport across the world; ranging from trains and buses to airlines and ships. Millions of people use public transportation systems on a daily basis. As such, it exposes people to numerous infections from other passengers. This is because there are many air borne infections that can infect individuals as a result of constant exposure in the environment. A survey that was conducted at various bus terminals, railway stations and airports shows that even though screening is done to the passengers, it is mainly for material objects (Cahill, 2010). The health conditions of the passengers are ignored and this creates a possibility for ill patients to carry these infections on board. Some of the infections that can be transmitted in this way are common cold, pulmonary tuberculosis and swine flu. In most Asian countries, it is common for people to walk around with masks covering their mouths and nostrils, particularly when using public transport systems (Drexler, 2012). It shows that majority of the population understands the risk that was posed to their health when they boarded public modes of transport.

Based on this, it is evident that in any given day, users of public transport are exposed to these life-endangering ailments without their knowledge.  According to some researchers, transmission originates mainly from the atmosphere in general (Gulli, 2012). However, public transport provides a high concentration for the bacteria and this increases the influx of infection rates. This affects the health of the passengers and the people that they will get in contact with later in the day. The hypothesis that should be tested in this paper is, therefore, does using public transport have a negative impact on the health of users in the long run?

References

Cahill, M. (2010). Transport, environment and society. Maidenhead, U.K.: Open University

Press.

Drexler, M. (2002). Secret agents: the menace of emerging infections. Washington, D.C.:

Joseph Henry Press.

Gulli, B. (2012). Bloodborne and airborne pathogens (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones &

Bartlett Learning.

Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Using Public and Private Health Services

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“Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Using Public and Private Health Services” Please respond to the following: Categorize the various levels in the joint public-private responsibility structure of the U.S. health care service. Compare the pros and cons of public and private roles played in promoting health care, in terms of state and federal funding, in a time of threats from bioterrorism and disease-resistant pathogens. 2 Analyze the major pros and cons of ambulatory services, as compared to using larger hospitals for emergency health services. Also, from a management and an economic standpoint, compare the use of private versus public health care services. In terms of local, state, and federal roles and resources, compare the major pros and cons of the various roles in protecting the public in a time of threats from bioterrorism and disease-resistant pathogens.“Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Using Public and Private Health Services” Please respond to the following: Categorize the various levels in the joint public-private responsibility structure of the U.S. health care service. Compare the pros and cons of public and private roles played in promoting health care, in terms of state and federal funding, in a time of threats from bioterrorism and disease-resistant pathogens. 2 Analyze the major pros and cons of ambulatory services, as compared to using larger hospitals for emergency health services. Also, from a management and an economic standpoint, compare the use of private versus public health care services. In terms of local, state, and federal roles and resources, compare the major pros and cons of the various roles in protecting the public in a time of threats from bioterrorism and disease-resistant pathogens.

Examine the trends in expenditures for the service categories presented in the table. What is the magnitude and direction of spending changes within and across each of these categories: the percentage of GDP spent on NHE and the NHE per capita.

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e have discussed the level of NHE in the United States and looked to some degree at how much money is being spent for care by various service categories such as hospitals and physicians.

Click here to view and study the NHE data for selected calendar years between 1970 and 2003 and for selected service categories (with the exception of the catch-all category of “other”) (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services [CMS], n.d.).

Answer the following questions in a 2- to 3-page Microsoft Word document:

  • Examine the trends in expenditures for the service categories presented in the table. What is the magnitude and direction of spending changes within and across each of these categories: the percentage of GDP spent on NHE and the NHE per capita.
  • What can you say about how the price of medical care services changes? As you think about what you might say, realize that the figures have been adjusted for inflation. Also, assume that not all increases in healthcare costs are caused by increases in utilization.
  • Examine the rates of growth in the service categories (except the category “other”). What trends do you see in the mix of healthcare services used by the US public? What factors might contribute to these trends?

Support your responses with examples.

Cite any sources in APA format.

Reference:

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (n.d.).National health expenditure data.

Retrieved from http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/

Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/

tables.pdf

What are the challenges experienced by each of the three sectors (healthcare, property services, and public services) of Service Employees International Union (SEIU) members?

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800 Words

 

Recently, you have heard rumors that employees would like to unionize. The director of human resources has come to one of your regional managers’ meetings to discuss a couple of things about unions so that managers are equipped with detailed information. In a Word document of at least 800 words with 2 scholarly resources, answer the following questions:

Recently, you have heard rumors that employees would like to unionize. The director of human resources has come to one of your regional managers’ meetings to discuss a couple of things about unions so that managers are equipped with detailed information. In a Word document of at least 800 words with 2 scholarly resources, answer the following questions:

 

 

  • What are the challenges experienced by each of the three sectors (healthcare, property services, and public services) of Service Employees International Union (SEIU) members?
  • How can collective bargaining deliver important improvements for workers in each sector?
  • What is SEIU’s approach globalization?

http://www.nlrb.gov/rights-we-protect/employee-rights

  • What are the challenges experienced by each of the three sectors (healthcare, property services, and public services) of Service Employees International Union (SEIU) members?
  • How can collective bargaining deliver important improvements for workers in each sector?
  • What is SEIU’s approach globalization?

http://www.nlrb.gov/rights-we-protect/employee-rights

How unions help all workers