Discuss cultural beliefs and influences relative to the health issue

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This is a Collaborative Learning Community (CLC) assignment.
In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words and include the following:

Discuss cultural beliefs and influences relative to the health issue.
Differentiate any religious/spiritual beliefs and values relative to the issue.
Appraise how religious/spiritual beliefs and values have influenced progress in addressing the issue–either negatively or positively.
Compare differences in ideologies related to the issue across political party lines, geographic regions, and countries of the world.

This is  APA format aqt least 500 word, references. I have added all the topics that have been added so far, I have topics 1-4 added. the one that will worked on is Topic 5

Topic 1
Influenza CLC group essay
Introduction
Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010).
The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).
Necessary global scientific researches are being carried out and developments to ensure that vaccines and antiviral drugs are available across the globe mostly during the seasons which the virus is spread. The scientific knowledge enables quick and effective identification of the virus at its initial stages (Abramson, 2011).
Several measures have been put in place to measure the progress of the issue. They include;

When the side effects and long-term effects of a potential preventive measure are largely unknown, is it ethical to expose participants to these risks?

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Ethics in Epidemiological Research (PUBLIC HEALTH)
An Experimental Study in the Primary Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes
Imagine that researchers are conducting a randomized controlled trial of a high-fiber supplement as a preventive measure in persons at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. People enrolled in the study are disease-free at the time they agree to participate in the trial, but they all have a family history of type 2 diabetes and are considered at high-risk (80{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119}) to develop the disease during their lifetime. The 10,000 participants who start the trial are healthy individuals who are randomly allocated to receive either high-fiber supplements or placebo for several years. As you can imagine, this study will be quite expensive and will require a large infrastructure of personnel and materials to carry it out successfully.
Because type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, the potential benefits of this research are important at a population level. Unfortunately, high-fiber supplements have also been shown in a few studies to be associated with gastrointestinal blockage (which can be life-threatening) and reduced nutrient absorption, which may lead to anemia, osteoporosis, and other debilitating chronic diseases. The supplements may also reduce absorption of certain medications and cause gastrointestinal distress. The potential side effects of continuous high-fiber supplementation are only partially understood, and long-term effects are unknown.
Post your initial response to at least two of the following questions: 1 PAGE
1. What are the potential risks and benefits to be considered when designing this study?
2. When the side effects and long-term effects of a potential preventive measure are largely unknown, is it ethical to expose participants to these risks? Why or why not?
3. Is it ethical to deny the possible prevention benefits of high-fiber supplements to persons in the placebo group? Why or why not?
4. Do the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the participants and to society? Why or why not?

Describe a subgroup from your community

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a 4- to 6-page paper outlining a focus group protocol:

Describe a subgroup from your community (include relevant demographics such as gender, socioeconomic status, age).
Restate the public health problem in the community health profile you created in Week 5.
Create six questions for the focus group related to the identified public health problem (e.g., contributing factors, potential solutions, assets available to solve the problem).
Describe methods you would use for recruiting participants and collecting and managing the data. Explain why these methods would be effective.
Create a brief (two-paragraph) consent form that summarizes the reason for the focus group, procedures to be followed, participants’ rights, and procedures for maintaining confidentiality

References

Jorgensen, S., Thorlby, R., Weinick, R. M., & Ayanian, J. Z. (2010). Responses of Massachusetts hospitals to a state mandate to collect race, ethnicity and language data from patients: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 10(35), 352–360.
Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.
Nguyen, T.-U. N., Tran, J. H., Kagawa-Singer, M., & Foo, M. (2011). A qualitative assessment of community-based breast health navigation services for Southeast Asian women in Southern California: Recommendations for developing a navigator training curriculum. American Journal of Public Health, 101(1), 87–93.
Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases.
Tomasik, T., Windak, A., Domagala, A., Dubas, K., Sumskas, L., & Rosinski, J. (2011). An evaluation of family physicians’ educational needs and experiences in health promotion and disease prevention in Poland and Lithuania: A qualitative study. BMC Family Practice, 12(13). Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2296/12/13
University of Kansas. (2012). The Community Tool Box: Assessing community needs and resources.
Section 6, “Conducting Focus Groups.” Available at http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1018.aspx
University of Kansas. (2012). The Community Tool Box: Assessing community needs and resources.
Section 12, “Conducting Interviews.” Available at http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/section_1047.aspx
World Health Organization. (2012). Informed consent form templates. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/rpc/research_ethics/informed_consent/en/

Describe how nurses can become more broadly involved with influencing health policy related to this issue

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In your Collaborative Learning Community, write a paper of 500-1,000 words and include the following:

Assess the past and present impact nurses, including advanced professional/advanced practice nurses, have made in addressing this health issue.
Describe how nurses can become more broadly involved with influencing health policy related to this issue. Include resources available.
Hypothesize how nurses can positively impact future outcomes related to the provision of care for persons affected by the health issue.
Synthesize all aspects of the health care issue through a summary conclusion, concisely tying up Parts 1-6 of the CLC – Health Issue Analysis.

This is APA format, 3 references, I have attached topics 1-5 that is needed for this CLC project

Topic 1
Influenza CLC group essay 11-28-2017
Introduction
Influenza commonly known as flu is a contagious respiratory infection that attacks the general respiratory system that is, the nose, throat, and even the lungs. It is caused by the two types of influenza viruses which are influenza A, influenza B and influenza C (Wang & Tao, 2010). Attacks from both viruses are epidemic and seasonal as they are common within specific periods within a year. Attack mechanisms for influenza A viruses depends on the genes on the surface protein of a patient. They are normally spread through sneezing and coughing from an infected individual to the surrounding air (Wang & Tao, 2010).
The flu can also attack an individual in case they get into direct body tissue contact with an infected individual for example handshaking. Health professionals argue that the flu virus is stubborn and spreads mainly over tiny droplets which are produced when the infected individuals’ cough, talk, and sneeze (Wang & Tao, 2010). Such droplets are easily carried by the surrounding air and can be landed in the nose and mouths of the immediate persons. Additionally, it can enter into one’s system if he or she gets into direct contact with a surface or object that has the influenza bacteria and consequently rubs or touches their nose, mouth or even eyes (Wang & Tao, 2010).
Health departments have overtime identified initiative to address the problem of influenza, such initiatives include:
Reducing human exposure to the flu viruses, this initiative works by notifying the public on the safe ways to prevent and control the spread of the virus and it actively works to reduce infection opportunities and curbs the spread of the pandemic virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have built able capacities to cope with the pandemic, measures have been taken and put in place to cope with the virus since helping the society to stay free from the virus (Abramson, 2011).
They have innovated much on early warning and acknowledgments, information about influenza and its impacts to the society are made clear since it is effective for the society to stay free from the influenza virus (Abramson, 2011).
Necessary global scientific researches are being carried out and developments to ensure that vaccines and antiviral drugs are available across the globe mostly during the seasons which the virus is spread. The scientific knowledge enables quick and effective identification of the virus at its initial stages (Abramson, 2011).
Several measures have been put in place to measure the progress of the issue. They include;
The World Health Organization has continuously carried out tests to identify cases of attack by the virus at its early stages that are in one to four days of an individual’s exposure to the influenza virus (Tam & Sellwood, 2013).
Materials enlightening the public about the virus and the most convenient ways to stay free from the attack are being developed and provisional with all measures that can help curb and salvage the situation (Tam & Sellwood, 2013).
The current status of the issue based on measures outcomes clarifies that the globe is well up and at a good place to overcome the spread of influenza viruses. This has been made possible by the continuous scientific researchers which develop antiviral drugs and vaccines which are work to stop the spread and impacts of the influenza virus upon the general society (Tam & Sellwood, 2013).
References
Abramson, J. (2011). Inside the 2009 Influenza Pandemic. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2011.
Tam, J., & Sellwood, C. (2013). Pandemic Influenza. CABI, 2013.
Wang, Q., & Tao, Y. (2010). Molecular Virology. Horizon Scientific Press.
Topic 2
Influenza
Diane Boll, Lisa Hart, Risper Ireri
Grand Canyom University:NUR 508
12-06-2017
Influenza
Influenza is a highly infectious respiratory illness that mostly occurs during winter months north of the equator. Influenza, commonly known as the “flu” occurs between October and March and with reported outbreaks between September and May. Signs of influenza include but are not limited to high fever, myalgia, headache, sore throat, chills and persistent malaise (Edelman & Mandle, 2006). Each year in the US alone, influenza and pneumonia result in 114,000 admissions with 36,000 lives lost and costs an estimated $12 billion (Walton, 2016). Edelman and Mandle (2006) discussed the influenza vaccine markedly reduce the incidence of complications, hospitalization, and deaths and the vaccine can be given to anyone above six months unless allergic to it. It’s given with caution to those with allergies to eggs (Edelman & Mandle, 2006). Contrary to misconception, the most common vaccine is not made up of the live influenza virus but composed of the inactivated whole virus or virus subunits grown in chick embryo cells and given annually (Edelman & Mandle, 2006). Influenza is a global issue as many in underprivileged countries without access to adequate health care continue to die from it and there is a need to rapidly identify the virus and provide proper treatment, thereby preventing its spread locally and internationally.
Influence of Health and Socioeconomic Status on Influenza
Though all age groups can contract influenza those with fragile or weakened immune systems are more severely affected and include the pregnant women, elderly adults with comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. According to Walton (2016), children less than two years have the highest infection rate, but death rates are usually highest among elderly (age 65 and older). Influenza is associated with low social, economic status, lack of preventive treatment and poor housing. Most
of the people affected by influenza lack insurance coverage, have lower levels of education, are unemployed, lack social network and travel long distances to medical facilities (Watson, 2016).
Initiatives