Discuss the relationship between the population prevalence of exposure and the population attributable risk

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PUBH 8520: Advanced Epidemiology Methods
Week 2 Assignment: Measures of Occurrence and Association

Incidence Density
A cohort study (hypothetical) was conducted to look at survival after experiencing a myocardial infarction (heart attack). Ten participants were followed for 3 years, resulting in the following table:
Follow-up Time (Months) Event
3 Death
5 Censored
8 Death
12 Death
17 Censored
19 Censored
27 Death
32 Censored
36 Followed until end of study period
36 Followed until end of study period

What is the cumulative survival probability at the end of the follow-up period?

Using the same data, calculate the overall death rate per 100 person-years.

Calculate the rates separately for the 3 years of follow-up.

Is it appropriate to report an overall 3-year death rate for this study? Why or why not?
Attributable Risk
A hypothetical cohort study looked at the association between family history and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. The results were as follows:
Alzheimer’s Disease No Alzheimer’s Disease Totals Incidence of AD
Family History 50 1,950 2,000 25 per 1,000
No Family History 25 2,975 3,000 8.3 per 1,000
Total 75 4925 5000

Calculate the attributable risk for Alzheimer’s disease due to family history. Interpret the calculation in words.

Assume the prevalence of family history in the general population is 5{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119}. Calculate the population attributable risk and interpret it in words.

Now assume the prevalence of family history in the general population is 25{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119}. What effect does this change have on the estimate of the population attributable risk? Discuss the relationship between the population prevalence of exposure and the population attributable risk. Why is it important to understand this relationship as a public health professional?

The Future of Public Health

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Community Health Assessments and Continuous Quality Improvement

n its report “The Future of Public Health,” the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (1988) recognizes assessments of community health status and community health needs as a core public health function. The course textbook states that some of the goals of community health assessment are to evaluate health status, identify community health needs, identify strengths and weaknesses of a community’s health systems, recommend strategies to address community health needs, and locate existing or needed resources to meet identified needs.

Read the report and based on it, respond to the following questions in relation to the role of community members:

  • What role or roles should community members have in a community needs assessment? Justify your answer.
  • What are some strategies for engaging community members?

Public health agencies use data to identify health problems, establish and track health objectives, and assess the effectiveness of policies, programs, and services.

Respond to the following questions in relation to community needs assessment:

  • Which key factors are important to consider when gathering and presenting data for a community needs assessment?
  • When presenting data, which strategies would you recommend for creating a strong and compelling statement of need?

no pages required, just answer the question with 100{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} accuracy.

APA formatted references.

Environmental Microbiology

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Microbiology: Diversity, Benefits and Detriments of Microbes

MY TOPIC

  • Environmental Microbiology

2)  Now choose any microorganism with positive beneficial activity in this area and research it using credible academic sources.

  • Environmental Microbiology

Please discuss which microorganism you chose, what type of creature is it (virus, bacteria, etc.), where is it commonly found, what it consumes, what its positive role is in the particular microbiology field, and any other interesting information you find on your organism.

  • Environmental Microbiology

Your initial response to this week’s discussion should be well-written in your own words, paraphrasing from your sources. You must also cite your credible academic reference sources and provide full end ref information in APA format. The initial post must be at least 300-400 words

  • Environmental Microbiology

you are not to discuss a human pathogen, meaning an organism that causes disease in Medical Microbiology or Public Health Micro.

  • Environmental Microbiology

What challenges might you expect when adapting a national social marketing campaign in your local community?

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Part 2

Several decades ago, Kotler and Zaltman (1971) first used the term “social marketing” to describe the application of marketing theory to solve social- and health-related issues. Since then, social marketing has grown in popularity and usage within the public health community, including within national agencies such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state and local health departments. Some of the factors responsible for the success of national social marketing campaigns are the efficient use of financial resources to develop marketing strategies, consistent messages across geographic boundaries, and uniform evaluation measures.

Respond to the following discussion points in relation to social marketing campaigns:

  • What challenges might you expect when adapting a national social marketing campaign in your local community?
  • Recommend ways in which your local health department may address these challenges.

References:

Kotler, P., & Zaltman, G. (1971). Social marketing: An approach to planned social

change. Journal of Marketing, 35(3), 3–12.

Kotter, J. P. (2001). What leaders really do. Harvard Business Review, 79(11),

85–96.