Margaret Higgins Sanger/Reproductive health

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Question description

Significant Contributions to Public Health – Part I

For your final project, you will be researching an individual and their contribution to community and public health. Because of the size of this project, you will be doing the first part of this project in Week 3 then adding the final portion in Week 5. You have the option of writing a paper or putting together a presentation. Details are below the outline. Overall, you will be researching an historical figure in the public health world, their contribution to public health, and how their work helped shape the public health system. Furthermore, you will be analyzing how their contribution from the past continues to contribute to today’s public health system and how it might guide future work within the industry.

Follow this outline to help formulate your paper or presentation:

ACTION: Select one of the historical figures and their associated public health topic

  • Margaret Higgins Sanger/Reproductive health
  • Rachel Carson/Environmental health
  • Franklin D. Roosevelt/Health care administration
  • John Snow/Communicable and infectious disease
  • Luther T. Terry/Smoking
  • W. E. B. DuBois/Social determinants of health
  • Larry Kramer/Health activism
  • An individual of your own choice: YOU MUST OBTAIN INSTRUCTOR APPROVAL IN ADVANCE

ACTION: Research the individual’s background

  • GRADED ELEMENT: Describe your selected person’s biographical background (i.e. experience).
    • HELP: This can include resume elements such as birthdate, location, education, and brief statement of their contribution to public health. (Reminder: biographical information can be easily plagiarized. Please do not copy from your biographical websites. Paraphrase and/or quote and cite everything according to APA.)

ACTION: Research the barriers and issue of the time

  • GRADED ELEMENT: Analyze the climate of the time period in terms of political, socioeconomic, environmental and technological context in which this person worked
    • HELP: Think about whether this person was up against resistance or was their work welcomed. [For example, if you were writing on Abraham Lincoln and the abolition of slavery, you would note that slavery was prevalent and accepted at the time and the change was welcomed by some and rejected by others]
  • GRADED ELEMENT: Examine the personal beliefs of your person that prompted this work.
    • HELP: You are basically addressing the question: “Why did this person get involved with the issue at the time?” [In continuing the Lincoln example above, you would note that black people were considered property, not people; yet Lincoln believed everyone had equal rights regardless of skin color].

ACTION: Think about how this person overcame the barriers and issues

  • GRADED ELEMENT: Examine how this individual overcame and/or confronted any adversities to succeed in his/her task
    • HELP: Questions to consider: What did the person specifically do? Did they have any allies? How did their actions succeed/fail?

ACTION: Think about the importance of the contribution to community/public health at the time

  • GRADED ELEMENT: Describe the final outcome of this individual’s contribution to community and/or public health
    • HELP: Think about this question: What occurred as a result of this person’s action?
  • GRADED ELEMENT: Explain what his/her contribution did for overall community and/or public health at the time
    • HELP: Think about this question: What was the purpose for the community and/or nation? [In the Lincoln example, the explanation would involve a national recognition of human rights of all people, regardless of skin color]
  • GRADED ELEMENT: Explain why this contribution was so important at that particular point in history
    • HELP: Think about this question: What made this important for our nation? [In the Lincoln example, you would answer the question: Why was it so important that Lincoln freed the slaves?]

You have a choice of which format you wish to present your findings:
Format 1: Written Paper

  • Must be at least 4 pages in length (not including title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Students name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must use at least four scholarly sources (one of those may be the course text).
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

OR

Format 2: Presentation (w/audio or w/speaker’s notes)

  • Must be at least 12 minutes in length (not including title and reference slides) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate title slide with the following:
    • Title of presentation
    • Students name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must use at least four scholarly sources (one of those may be the course text).
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate reference page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Discuss common themes across the assigned journal articles relative to public health preparedness from the emergency and disaster healthcare perspective

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Question description

please provide APA references for both the post and response.

here is the question( the post)

Discuss common themes across the assigned journal articles relative to public health preparedness from the emergency and disaster healthcare perspective.

and here I need (the two response) to two of my classmates.

first one

This is a hot-button topic for me. I have been an Emergency Department RN for years and currently, have a leadership/clinical role in the ED.

Common Theme:

  • Overcrowding / Using the ED for primary care
    • On any given night in the ED where I work, we are holding 5-20 patients due to mental health holds, ETOH intoxication, case management/placement issues or the hospital is full or does not have enough staffed beds. Each nurse is responsible for 4-5 patients and it is luck of the draw. I have had many nights where I have a trauma alert, a septic/hypotensive/unstable ICU patient, a cardiac alert and a rowdy patient who will not stay in bed. My job in the ED is to stabilize the patient and to get to a disposition– admit, transfer or discharge. My trauma and ICU patient would be staffed at a 1 RN to 1 patient ratio or a 2:1 ratio, depending on their stability. Yet, I am responsible for all four of them, often for hours because we do not have any beds open. It can be a terribly dangerous situation, especially when the trauma patient needs continuous monitoring for condition changes and I’m titrating drips (medications that require adjustments based on the patient’s condition/response to the medications) in the ICU patient’s room. You are essentially running around like a crazy person, instructing the intoxicated person to stay put, answering call lights for “sandwiches and blankets” and a million other requests. There is a HUGE need for observational units and I’m am glad that these are now covered by Medicaid. The problem, however, is the expense of building & staff these units in comparison to the bottom line.
    • We rate our patients on an acuity score (ESI) of 1-5, with 1 being the sickest, requiring immediate life-saving intervention, 2 requiring living-saving intervention within 30 minutes etc. When we are not moving patients (ie: throughput), two things happen. (1) Sick patients wait in triage for too long. (2) ESI 3,4,5 level patients get upset that they are not receiving care. Essentially, if you are dying, we will find a bed for you. If you are sick, we will find a bed for you very quickly and start treatment up in triage. If you have a cold, need an STI check or pregnancy test, you will be waiting. Here is the catch, hospitals receive reimbursement based on HCAHPS surveys (Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems). The surveys are sent out to patients and the scores reflect their opinion of the care they received. If they are admitted, they get a survey based on their in-patient care (not the time spent in the emergency department). If they are discharged from the emergency department, they get a survey based on their care in the ED. SO, if they are sick enough to get admitted, they do not survey the care in the ED. If they are well enough to go home, they do get a survey about the care in the ED. Well, using my example of the types of patients a nurse might be responsible at the same time, who do you think is getting the most attention? Obviously, my time at bedside directly relates to the stability of the patient; so the people I’m spending the most time caring for are not surveying me and the people I’m spending the least time with are surveying my care. In 2020, HCAHPS is adding even more weight to the survey results in relation to ED reimbursement.
  • Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. 2008. “Hospital Bedsize” [accessed on September 1, 2018]. Available at https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/vars/hosp_bedsize/…

Isaac, T., A. M. Zaslavsky, P. D. Cleary, and B. E. Landon. 2010. “The Relationship Between Patients’ Perception of Care and Measures of Hospital Quality and Safety.” Health Services Research 45 (4): 1024-40.

  • Martsolf, G. R., Gibson, T. B., Benevent, R., Jiang, H. J., Stocks, C., Ehrlich, E. D., . . . Auerbach, D. I. (2016). An examination of hospital nurse staffing and patient experience with care: Differences between Cross‐Sectional and longitudinal estimates. Health Services Research, 51(6), 2221-2241. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12462

Compare and Contrast Public and Private Managed Care Systems

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Compare and Contrast Public and Private Managed Care Systems​

Question description

Public and Private Managed Care Systems

Both public and privately-funded managed health care systems provide services for people. Today, both managed health care systems are being discussed, especially with the various aspects of healthcare reform. Examples of public health systems relate to military health care and Native American health services. Each has progressed over the years. Examples of private health care systems that support health care research are organizations such as Aetna, Cigna, and United Healthcare.

Week 7 Assignment: Compare and Contrast Public and Private Managed Care Systems

Activity Description

Select one public and one private managed health care system and prepare a PowerPoint briefing with a comparison of the two. Prepare the presentation as if you were explaining the advantages and disadvantages of each to an audience of senior leaders, whether the systems compete or might follow one another in some type of sequence.

While distinguishing between the two, be sure to include the following:

  • Summarize how systems are publicly or privately funded.
  • Evaluate how costs are managed in each type of system and determine the impact on care quality.
  • Interpret how each type of system delivers care to patients.
  • Validate the key challenges each system encounters.
  • Associate a key past or present healthcare reform that may require positive adjustments in how the system currently operates.

Incorporate appropriate animations, transitions, and graphics as well as speaker notes for each slide. The speaker notes may be comprised of brief paragraphs or bulleted lists.

Support your presentation with at least five scholarly resources. In addition to these specified resources, other appropriate scholarly resources may be included.

Length: 12-15 slides (with a separate reference slide)
Notes Length: 200-350 words for each slide

Be sure to include citations for quotations and paraphrases with references in APA format and style where appropriate. Save the file as PPT with the correct course code information. 5-7 scholarly references within the last five (5) years.

Public Health and the Law

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Question description

Public Health and the Law

In the United States, prior to the 1930s, public health efforts were
primarily undertaken at local and state level. After the Great Depression, the
federal government was called upon to intervene on behalf of its vulnerable
populations. Since that time, debates over federal versus state roles in public
health efforts have taken center stage in government and politics. (Turncock,
2012, 79)

For this assignment, you will examine the role of state and
federal government as it relates to motor vehicle safety.  Review the case study
Motor Vehicle Safety in your course text (pp. 93-96 in 1st edition,
pp.102-104 in 2nd edition).  Provide a brief description of laws
associated with motor vehicle safety at the federal level and for your own
state.  Identify what type of law it is (e.g., constitutional, legislative,
administrative, or judicial).  How do these laws relate to public health
services? (e.g., health promotion, wellness and prevention, early detection and
prompt treatment, disability limitation, and rehabilitation)  From your
perspective, should the federal and/or state government play a role in motor
vehicle safety?  Why or why not?  Provide a concrete example that supports your
opinion.

Your paper should be two to three pages
in length, excluding the title and reference pages, and formatted according to
APA guidelines, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.  Visit the Ashford
University Online Library to locate a minimum of two scholarly sources that
support your main ideas.