The financing and delivery of healthcare services

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Question description

General formatting requirements: All assignments should be done in 12-point font, double spaced. If referencing material outside of the course, use an accepted referencing format (e.g., APA or MLA style). All material from outside the course must be appropriately referenced or it will be considered plagiarism.

Assignment 1 (Weeks 1-2):

Research the health systems of Canada, Great Britain, and Germany. For each, compare and contrast the following to the United States’ health system: 1. The financing and delivery of healthcare services; 2. The financing and delivery of public health services; 3. Government intervention in healthcare and public health

Please fill in the following table as you answer questions 1-3. Provider brief explanation for each item (not simply answer Yes or No). You will need to find material outside of the course to answer some of the questions, so be sure to reference everything appropriately.

Canada UK Germany US
Health Care Financing
Do individuals pay and how?
Does the government pay and how?
Do employers pay and how?
Health Insurance required? Is it private or public insurance? Who pays for the insurance?
Health Care Delivery
Are the providers public or private?
Are the hospitals public or private?
Free to choose providers? Need referral for specialists?
How are providers paid?
How are hospitals paid?
Public Health Services Financing and Delivery
List some public health agencies
Who fund those public health agencies?
What types of public health services do the agencies provide?
Government interventions in health care and public health
Government regulations on providers, hospitals, pharmaceuticals?
Did the government do anything to control health care cost?
Did the government do anything to improve the quality of care?

Explain how public health leadership is different from public health management.

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Question description

  1. Consider how you define public health leadership and how your definition applies a systems thinking approach. Also, think about the differences between public health leadership and public health management. Think of an example to illustrate this difference.
    1. Give your personal definition of public health leadership and a definition of systems thinking.
    1. Explain how public health leadership is different from public health management.
    2. Use a specific public health example to illustrate this difference.
    3. Explain how systems thinking applies to your definition of leadership.

2. There is a self-assessment, called entitled, “Value Systems.” The assessment is designed to initiate your thinking on values in leadership and how your values might impact your leadership style.

For this Professional Leadership Journal:

    1. Complete the “Value Systems” assessment.
      • What does the value assessment say about your leadership style?
      • What values may be important to you as a leader in the field of public health?
    2. Explain new insights gained based on your results of the “Value Systems” assessment
    3. Explain how these new insights might impact your role, or future role as a public health leaderThese are all elements of a scholarly paper and are expected at the graduate level.

References

  • Nahavandi, A. (2014). The art and science of leadership (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
    • Chapter 1, “Definition and Significance of Leadership”
    • Self-Assessment 4-1: Value Systems (p. 132)
  • Koh, H. K. (2009). Leadership in public health. Journal of Cancer Education, 24(Supp. 2), S11–S18.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Leischow, S. J., & Milstein, B. (2006). Systems thinking and modeling for public health practice. American Journal of Public Health, 96(3), 403–405.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Trochim, W. M., Cabrera, D.A., Milstein, B., Gallagher, R.S., & Leischow, S.J. (2006). Practical challenges of systems thinking and modeling in Public Health. American Journal of Public Health, 96(3), 538–546.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A.G. (2007). The role of the situation in leadership. American Psychologist, 62(1), 17–24.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Zaleznick, A. (2004). Managers and leaders: Are they different? Harvard Business Review, 82(1), 74–81.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

how and why Public Health Law and Policy is delivered through various means and avenues

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Question description

Public Health Spending

This course provided great information and insight as to how and why Public Health Law and Policy is delivered through various means and avenues. It focused on the legal system as well as framing Issues of Public Health, Law, and Policy and its impact on target populations and society as a whole. Prior to this course, I had a vague understanding and idea of what public health law encompassed, but now at its completion I can say I have a lot more knowledge and insight from the various perspectives and viewpoints of my classmates and Dr. Spach.

One concept I learned a lot from was in Module 2, which focused on “Law and Public Health.” Here, I realized what an impact laws have with respect to public health initiatives and efforts to build healthier communities. According to (“Law and Public Health at CDC”, 2006) The indispensable role of law is evident across the entire history of U.S. public health—from early colonialists’ needs to defend against infectious threats to today’s innovative law-based approaches to preventing chronic diseases, injuries, and other problems The U.S. experience with smallpox illustrates how, at some points in history, law-based interventions were implemented even before science elucidated the nature of the public health threat and the basis of the intervention.

Additionally, Module 3 highlighted “Public Health Ethics.” This section was extremely beneficial as it provided an opportunity to research and present the various interactions between ethics and their relation to law and public health. According to (Gostin, 2010) Occasionally the interests of public health and the community can come into conflict. When that occurs, it is important to review one’s process, and ensure principles outlined in the HealthCare Workers Code of Ethics aligns with policy implementation or the establishment of law. There is a great deal that individuals cannot do to secure their health such as: environmental protection, hygiene and sanitation, clean air and surface water, uncontaminated food and drinking water, safe roads and products, and control of infectious disease. Therefore, the need to organize and collaborate on public health law and policy is critical. This part of the course clearly defined how ethical guidelines play into establishing law and policies. It was interesting to see the responses and feedback of my classmates’ thoughts in the discussion board as everyone had a different idea and approach to address the correlation between the two.

Overall this course opened my eyes to the benefits and challenges of establishing Public Health Law and Policy. All of my research and coursework illustrated that need for Public Health Law as it really impacts those with socioeconomic disadvantages and results in poor health outcomes. I can use this information moving forward to address and lobby for change at higher levels within my community.

What is the difference between medicine and public health

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Question description

Initial Post

What is the difference between medicine and public health? Think about the ways public health affects you and list at least three ways it impacts your daily life.

Be sure to include a list of credible references to support your response. Your initial response to the Discussion topic should be a minimum of 200 words. You should also provide at least two responses to your classmates that should be a minimum of 100 words. In your peer replies, you are encouraged to challenge responses to promote critical thinking on all sides of a discussion.

Classmate Post #1

Hello everyone,

This was a very interesting topic for discussion board to tell us what this course is about. I never gave any thought about what the difference was between public health and medicine. I always thought that medicine was the same as public health. Even though I learned that they go hand in hand, I learned that public health comes prior to medicine. Public health is provided on both state, and local levels, and there are many different images of public health. A few different images include different methods, different professions, and the general health of the public. According to our textbook’s definition in chapter one, public health is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health and efficiency through organized community effort (Turnock, 2016). It makes me happy and feel comforted that so many communities come together to help the general public with their health. The main goal is to prolong lives and to prevent diseases and injuries. The key words that I focus on when learning about public health is prevention and protection. This makes public health different from medicine because public health deals with prevention, while medicine helps after a disease or injury has already happened. If someone becomes sick because the public health failed, then a person might take medicine to cure them.

One way public health impacts my daily life is though the job of a nutritionist. I attend school every day to pursue my career as a nutritionist, and a nutritionist is one of many jobs that help with public health. Sometimes I forget how many jobs are needed in different fields of health care in order to take care of the community. Another way public health impacts my every day life is through restaurant inspectors. I am currently a server at a restaurant that is constantly being cleaned and inspected. This is very important for the public health because if a restaurant does not pass an inspection, then many people in the community will get sick. One last way that public health impacts my every day life is through health issues that I currently have. Public heath provides help for people who can not afford all of their necessary medication. Without community help in public health care, I would not be able to save money on my medication. Overall, this was a great way to begin to learn about public health and how it effects the community.

-Shannon Harris

References:

American Public Health Association. (n.d.). What is public health? Retrieved fromhttps://www.apha.org/what-is-public-health

Turnock, B. J. (2016). Essentials of public health (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Classmate Post #2

What is the difference between medicine and public health?

I didn’t know there was much of a difference between medicine and public health. I knew they coincide with each other as in, you will need medicine when your health is not at its best. According to the American public Health Association, public health promotes and protects the health of people and the communities where they live, learn, and play. Some examples of public health achievements include cleaner and safer food, cleaner work environments, and vaccinations. Furthermore, the meaning of medicine is a substance used to treat disease or illness. While medicine saves one life at a time, public health saves millions at a time (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Public health impacts my daily life in many ways, some simpler than others. For example, washing my hands after using the restroom or handling food is an easy task but it will prevent germs and bacteria. Also, I check the expiration dates on food when I am about to make breakfast to ensure I am not putting anything harmful in my body. Moreover, I work in a warehouse so public health plays a huge role in my work environment as well. We have monthly meetings and sometimes have speakers come in to teach us how to properly stretch before lifting heavy weight or even how to sit properly at our desks to prevent future health problems.

Reference:

American Public Health Association. (n.d.). What is public health? Retrieved from https://www.apha.org/what-is-public-health

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (November 2013). United States Public Health 101. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/stltpublichealth/publichealthservices/essentialhealthservices.html

“Medicine.” Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, 30 May 2018, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/medicine.