Identify and explain the complex ethical dilemmas faced by the scientists/researchers you have selected as they pursue this type of research.

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Write a 1500 – 2000 word (6-7 pages) essay that fully addresses the following. You should bring in at least 5 additional sources beyond the assigned readings that may apply. Use the Excelsior Library Research Guides and One Search tools to find appropriate academic sources.
You must select a topic that focuses on scientific/medical research on subjects either human or animal. This must be research not current care practices. Do not select “embryonic stem cell research, euthanasia, assisted suicide etc. These topics are either not actual research or are not scientific controversies that lead to ethical dilemmas for the scientists and society. Review the following power point on distinguishing ethical dilemmas from personal moral beliefs. 382Ethical.pptx
Part One:
This assignment requires a topic proposal and outline.
• The 1 paragraph topic proposal, tell why it is an ethical dilemma for scientists and society. Be sure to include who are the research subjects, humans or animals and what the research focus is, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, nutrition/food additives, health and beauty aids, etc.
• The research question you will address in your essay
Guidelines:
1. Select one area of scientific research (pharmaceuticals, medical devices, therapies, surgical procedures, etc), which uses either human subjects or animal subjects. Identify this choice in the title of your essay.
• Example: Since my choice is research on drugs being tested on plants; the title of my essay will be: Regulating drug therapy research using plants: can it or should it be done?
2. Create a research question fully articulating what aspect you will explore. Do not just say “The ethics of research on humans” this is WAY too broad.
• Example: Are the current regulations governing plant pharmaceutical experiments enough to assure full compliance around the globe? OR: Are the aftercare regulations for plants that participate in drug research sufficient and consistent around the world?
3. Your topic must focus on the ethical dilemma involved. Nothing is just good or bad. There are multiple aspects to be considered. Give equal time and attention to BOTH sides.
• Example: The benefits from plant research are many, including medical discoveries that save countless lives, food production initiatives and products such as Biofuels. The research on plants has a negative consequence in the pain and suffering inflicted on these organisms. How do we balance these two aspects? How much and when should the individual’s suffering be overlooked for the common good? How much suffering is too much?
Your essay due will include the following points. Be sure to review these and be sure your topic choice is robust enough to provide detailed information on each of these aspects.
4. Identify and explain the complex ethical dilemmas faced by the scientists/researchers you have selected as they pursue this type of research. 5. Describe how the research impacts individuals, communities, and society across the globe. 6. Examine the possible solutions to these problems/issues that have been proposed and how or if they are working. 7. Construct a conclusion based on the facts and ideas you have uncovered in researching this topic and apply your own ideas to the solving this problem.
Part 2: Completes Essay

Explain how you would involve three key stakeholders in the decision to implement the recommendation. 2.

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A. Write a brief summary (suggested length of 2–3 pages) of the significance and background of a healthcare problem by doing the following:
1. Describe a healthcare problem.
2. Explain the significance of the problem.
3. Describe the current practice related to the problem.
4. Discuss how the problem impacts the organization and/or patient’s cultural background.

B. Complete the attached “PICO Table Template” by identifying all the elements of the PICO.
1. Develop the PICO question.

C. Describe the search strategy (suggested length of 1–2 pages) you used to conduct the literature review by doing the following:
1. Identify the keywords used for the search.
2. Describe the number and types of articles that were available for consideration.
a. Discuss two research evidence and two non-research evidence sources that were considered (levels I–V).

D. Complete the attached “Evidence Matrix” to list five research evidence sources (levels I–III) from scholarly journal sources you locate in major medical databases.

Note: Four different authors should be used for research evidence. Research evidence must not be more than five years old.

Note: You may submit your completed matrix as a separate attachment to the task or you may include the matrix within your paper, aligned to APA standards.

E. Explain a recommended practice change (suggested length of 1–3 pages) that addresses the PICO question within the framework of the evidence collected and used in the attached “Evidence Matrix.”

F. Describe a process for implementing the recommendation from part E (suggested length of 2–3 pages) in which you do the following:
1. Explain how you would involve three key stakeholders in the decision to implement the recommendation.
2. Describe the specific barriers you may encounter in applying evidence to practice changes in the nursing practice setting.
3. Identify two strategies that could be used to overcome the barriers discussed in F2.
4. Identify one indicator to measure the outcome related to the recommendation.

G. Acknowledge sources, using APA-formatted in-text citations and references, for content that is quoted, paraphrased, or summarized

Describe the conventional approach to treatment of the dying in hospitals. Compare this description to an idealized model that could be instituted.

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For Chapter 5: Health Care Systems: Patients, Staff, and Institutions, discuss two of the six questions below. In your submission, identify by number which questions you are answering.
1. Describe the conventional approach to treatment of the dying in hospitals. Compare this description to an idealized model that could be instituted.
2. What are the factors or circumstances that are driving up the cost of health care in this country and what can be done about this from the side of all players, government, health insurance companies, medical providers, and consumers?
3. Analyze the impact of DRGs and related forms of prospective payment on the American health care system, especially the care of the dying.
4. Discuss the reasons why professional caregivers may experience stress in caring for the dying. Discuss how caregivers can decrease this stress.
5. Contrast the roles, types of care, and philosophical differences between hospice and conventional hospital care.
6. Identify and discuss three challenges for contemporary hospices.

Discuss the contextual motivations potentially influencing the following stakeholders

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1. Briefly outline the relevant medical facts contributing to Ms. Schiavo’s condition
2. Provide a brief summary of the legal history specific to Ms. Schiavo’s case. Include a discussion of the major past cases which influenced the issues in the case, focusing primarily on an individual’s right to refuse medical care.
3. Based on your readings and discussions in Module 4, discuss some of the legal considerations of relevance in Ms. Schiavo’s case.
4. Discuss the contextual motivations potentially influencing the following stakeholders (those directly or indirectly affected by the case), and the ethical or moral justifications for their positions: Ms. Schiavo’s parents, her husband, the Governor of Florida as a representative of a state’s interest, taxpayers and the disabled community.
5. Based on what you have learned so far in this course, state your ethical position relative to the issue–what would you do? Remember to justify your position.
6. Discuss at least one of the health policy considerations that are present in this case.
• In developing your response, keep in mind that public policy seeks to protect and benefit the welfare, safety and interests of society while balancing the rights of individuals. Health policy considerations are issues that can and/or should be discussed, and changed in order to avoid scenarios such as what happened with Terri Schiavo.
7. Briefly discuss what you have learned from your exploration of the Terri Schiavo case. Has the case influenced your view of advanced directives? Presuming you have not already, are you now considering completing your own advance directives? Why or Why Not?