Risk Factors and Pathophysiology

/in /by

EDITING ALL UPLOADED 6 PIECES TO THE DRAFT UPLOADED FORMING ONE 5 RESEARCH PAPER
Assessment of health promotion need.
Description of the project
• Target population
• Manner of teaching or presentation
• Considerations for implementation
Analysis of journal articles.
Includes appropriateness of articles to provide evidence of current trends related to the selected topic.
*Articles cited on Power Point, poster or Abstract

Education: Relevance to nursing practice for health promotion with the pediatric population and their families.

PAPER
Writing reflects neatness, spelling, punctuation, professional language in an organized manner

NB: PLEASE USE THIS PART OF UPLOAD AS THE BASIS OR FOUNDATION OF THIS ORDER.( FILL IN THE REST OF THE SIX(6) UPLOADS WITHOUT CHANGING HOW IT IS ORGANIZED:
SIDS: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Couples have to wait nine months while their fetus grows into a tiny human being. As parents, there is nothing worse than waiting those nine months then losing the little one suddenly. When an infant dies unexpectedly, this is known as SUID, Sudden Unexpected Infant Death. SUID consist of all infant deaths that occur because of an unknown cause, including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, SIDS (NICHD, 2015). SIDS is one of the five leading causes of death in infants before the age of one. Approximately 3,500 of all infant deaths are sudden with no immediately obvious cause (NICHD, 2015).

In the medical field, SIDS may be referred to as “crib death or cot death” (NICHD, 2015). This is because SIDS is prevalent when a baby is sleeping, although sleeping is not a cause of SIDS. An infant who dies because of SIDS may be healthy and shows no signs health complications. The probability of a child dying is seen mostly within the first six months of a child’s life. A greater risk of death is on children who have been born with low birth weight or prematurely. African American, American Indian and Alaska Native infants are also at a greater risk of SIDS (NICHD, 2013). This syndrome is more likely to affect baby boys than baby girls. According to a survey conducted in the United Kingdom, approximately 300 babies die due to unexpected or sudden cause. Despite the statistics obtained, SIDS remains to be an uncommon disease with the infant mortality rate considered low (Adams, Ward & Garcia, 2015).

Risk Factors and Pathophysiology

There are various theories, which have been developed to try to describe the occurrence of SIDS. In 1994, there was literature, which proposed a triple-risk model. According to this particular model, three simultaneous factors are behind the cause of this particular condition. The first causative agent according to this model is that the infant should possess underlying vulnerability, which would likely predispose them to SIDS (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC. 2012). Stress should, also arise from a source that is exogenous for instance asphyxia which is directly related to defects associated with the sleeping position that a child adopts. Thirdly, the stress should arise and be experienced at a crucial developmental stage of the child such as during the first 12 months of the life of an infant. Current research studies have sort to determine and identify underlying vulnerabilities of this particular condition.

According to this study, there are two conditions which have been identified that would likely lead to the predisposition of sudden deaths. One of these conditions is data link disorders that can be inherited. These inherited disorders can be fatty acid oxidation which are mutations seen in the gene medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. They may range from this abnormalities to infant death, which is unexpected, which makes up 1% of the SID cases. 5-10 % of the SID cases are consequently caused by genetic cardiac channelopathies. Various other factors exist that propel the spread of the SUID incidences and they include sleeping on armchairs and couches, bed-sharing especially the adult beds, being exposed to tobacco smoke, overheating, poor sleeping positions and covering a child’s face with blankets or clothing while they are asleep (Cressie, 2015). Other activities may protect this condition from occurring. These actors include regular immunizations, pacifiers and breastfeeding.

There are various topics currently being researched about the occurrence of this particular condition. These areas include autonomic nervous system disruptions and the effect of nicotine towards the development process of the brain. Normal arousal mechanism defects are a likely cause of the condition. There is a close association between SIDS and prone sleeping positions. In this particular instance, it becomes possible for an individual to rebreath exhaled air causing an upper-airway obstruction, which may also lead to hyperthermia when an individual adopts a facedown position (Degnan, 2013). Failure to know the appropriate infant head turning and head lifting with relation to asphyxia or neuronal reflexes and pathways deficit may result into inefficient protection and arousal originating from exogenous stressors.

How to prevent the occurrence of this condition and recommendations

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2011 released a policy statement that highlighted and touched on recommended safe environments for infant sleeping. These recommendations aimed at reducing not only the risk of suffering from SIDS but also prevention from all sleep-related deaths that affects infants up to the age of 12 months. These conditions include entrapment, asphyxia, and suffocation. These conditions are dependent on an individual’s medical condition after analysis of risks and benefits by a physician. Therefore, the following aspects are essential and fundamental in eradicating the condition (Horne, Hauck & Moon, 2015).

Write a 3- page report on the case presented in (CASE IS AT THE END). When constructing your report, use the same format that was introduced (LINK BELOW).

/in /by

Write a 3- page report on the case presented in (CASE IS AT THE END). When constructing your report, use the same format that was introduced (LINK BELOW). Remember to include health promotion and disease prevention, where applicable, with all presentations and patient counseling. Use the format defined above to present your patient in this Discussion Area. In addition, tell the class about your approach and patient care. Use published articles to support your approach. Please follow format from the link https://threadcontent.next.ecollege.com/pub/content/4a9888b1-7084-4fec-8ca4-4911fee0ed7b/SU_NSG6330_W3_A3_Format.pdf Cite any sources using APA format on a separate page. ssignment 4 Grading Criteria Maximum Points Submitted a 3- to 4-page report on Women’s Health Assessment—Part 1. 5 Completed the initial assessment. 2 Provided an appropriate and complete list of differential diagnoses. 2 Used testing, test results, and other findings to support final diagnoses (and ruled out other possible diagnoses). 2 Described a plan that appropriately addresses all actual diagnoses. 2 Provided an evaluation and reflection on the implementation and results. 5 Used correct spelling, grammar, and professional vocabulary and cited all sources using APA style. 2 Total: 20 Subjective Data: Chief complaint: Ms. S.T is a 22 year old pleasant female whom present to the clinic with a chief complaint of burning on urination, green discharge from the vagina, lower abdominal pain and painful sexual intercourse for the past four days. She is concerned that she may have a sexually transmitted disease and is worried and anxious about the treatment. History of present illness: Ms. S.T symptoms had started four days ago and symptoms have worsened over the past four days. She tried to drink cranberry juice to see if it would help because it has helped in the past when she had a urinary tract infection. But it hasn’t helped this time. She denies any numbness, weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or fevers. Medical history She has a history of yearly UTI but no other relevant history Past surgical history No reported surgical history Review of systems General: Healthy female. Awake, Alert, and answers all question when asked. She denies weight gain and fatigue. Skin: No noted skin abnormalities. Denies any rash or skin changes. Eyes: The patient denies vision or eye abnormities. She wears glasses and sees the eye doctor on a regular basis. Ears: Denies ear discomfort bilaterally. Nose/Mouth/Throat: Denies mouth, nose or throat abnormality. Cardiovascular: Does not report chest discomfort such as chest pain, palpation, and any associated edema. Respiratory: Denies any current cough, shortness of breath or respiratory distress. No reported history of TB. Breast: Brest assessment deferred at this time. Gastrointestinal: Denies any recent vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, heart burn. Genitourinary/Gynecological: Complains of burning on urination, green discharge from the vagina, lower abdominal pain and painful sexual intercourse. She does not practice safe sex with no use of barrier or hormonal methods of protections. Does report having 28 day cycles with regular vaginal discharge. Musculoskeletal: Denies any joint or muscle injury. No reported swelling, stiffness, or fractures. Heme/Lymph/Endo: Denies any hematological, lymph, or endo issues. Neurological: Denies any neurological deficit. Psychiatric: Denies any psychiatric issues. Do not have thoughts of hurting her self of others. Initial Differential Diagnoses: Chlamydial infection, unspecified A74.9 Gonococcal infection, unspecified A54.9Urinary tract infection, site not specified N39.0 Objective data: Vital signs: BP: 130/65 HR: 64 Resp: 20 Sat: 98% Wt: 155 Ht: 5’9” BMI : 22% Physical exam: General Appearance: Healthy 22 year old female awake, alert, oriented to person, place and time. Skin: No open blisters, skin warm and dry. Skin within define parameters. HEENT Head: Appropriate for body composition. Hair is evenly distributed Eyes: PERRLA. Normally appearing sclera and conjunctivae. EOM intact. Ears: Tympanic membrane is Peary gray with light reflex. Each ear canal patient with positive whisper test. No noted ruptured ear drums. Nose: Nasal mucosas dry with no sepal deviation. Neck: Present with full range of motion. No associated cervical lymphadenopathy or thyromegaly. Oral mucosa: Moist with absent of thrush. All tonsils present. Well maintained teeth. Cardiovascular In no cardiac distress. SR on EKG 64 heart rate. S1 and S2 present. No JVP presented with capillary refill less than 3 seconds Respiratory: No respiratory distress. Symmetric rise and fall of chest wall on patients inspiration and expiration. Respiratory rate 20, unlabored, with absence of shortness of breath. Breast: Assessment differed at this time. Gastrointestinal: Flat abdomen with bowel sounds present in all four quadrants. On palpation soft and non-tender with no noted hepatosplenomegaly. Genitourinary: Burning on urination. Musculoskeletal: Bilateral upper and lower extremities have full range of motion with strength 5/5. Neurological: The patient is oriented, awake, alert. No neurological deficit noted with cranial nerves II-XII intact Psychiatric: The patient does not have any plan to hurt herself or others. No psych history. Laboratory tests done Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs): + Chlamydial infection CBC: Pending Sent to outside lab CMP: Pending Sent to outside lab Dipstick Urine: Negative in side clinic Initial impression The patients presents with symptoms that can both be Chlamydia and Gonorrhea infections. From the Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) yielding a positive Chlamydia infection, means that the patient does in fact have an sti. Individuals with Chlamydia may not have any clinical manifestations. Women may present with abnormal vaginal discharge and burning when urinating. Assessment/Diagnosis: Chlamydial infection, unspecified A74.9 Plan and Implementation: The treatment of chlamydia include doxycycline 100 mg two times a day for 7 days for individuals whom are compliant with medication schedules and azithromycin 1 g IM are used for those likely to forget to take their medication (Keefe, 2010). The CDC notes that in a meta-analysis of 12 randomized clinical trials of azithromycin versus doxycycline for the treatment of genital chlamydial infection, found that the treatments of both medications were equally effective where microbial cure rates were 97% and 98%, respectively (Chlamydial Infections in Adolescents and Adults, 2015). Partner treatment: The patient’s partner will require testing and treatment to prevent complication with the conditions. Education: If individuals were to be provided with education concerning the use of condoms and limiting sex partners the incidence of STI transmission can be further reduced within our society. In the study conducted by Kudo (2013) participants were provided with condom utilizing education. Self-efficacy of condom use education incorporated that of using a condom correctly, carrying/purchasing a condom without feeling embarrassed, and using a condom regardless of whom the sexual partner is, all of which provided significant results for participant’s knowledge in regard to the prevention of STI (Kudo, 2013). On that note, if practitioners or any heath care provider were to provide education to individuals early on life, maybe in grade school with sensitivity to age related development and cultural competence with parent’s permission; children /adolescents can begin learning about sexual health and STI prevention earlier rather than later on in life. Practitioner can further stress that the act of performing sexual activates should only be with one person, where having numerous partners leads to increase risk of attaining a STI’s (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, & Sandberg-Cook 2013). Evaluation The patient should follow up within 2 week or earlier if symptoms still continue despite treatment. The patient is further instructed go to the nearest ER if worsening vaginal bleeding or uncontrolled pain.

Explain the teaching/learning tool development and the rationale for its creation. Use scientific literature to support your development decisions.

/in /by

Learning/Teaching/Analysis Project
PURPOSE: The purpose of this senior project is to identify a clinically-focused teaching/learning need, create a tool to address the need, and implement the use of the tool with the targeted population.

Before you start writing this paper Project, please read and follow the RUBRIC TEACHING ANALYSIS (attached).

Please Remember when you’re writing that the Teaching/Learning Project should be written as if you are presenting the teaching at my student clinical rotation setting (Medical-surgical/Orthopedics unit). The target population are the diabetic elderly: age 40 and above. Please write thoughtfully and thoroughly. Remember to use the minimum health literacy level without medical jargons when presenting the teaching to the target population.

Please follow all instructions and discuss all points to the specifications. Please see other uploaded materials, and guidance for this paper project.

POINT VALUE: 125 points

DIRECTIONS AND PROCESS: part one of the paper (This is already done).

1. Collaborate with your preceptor and possibly other healthcare professionals to identify a clinically significant teaching/learning need and the target population. (NOTE: This may be a patient need, family need, or professional health care provider need).
2. Obtain instructor approval for your topic and target population (5 points) by assigned date.

part two of the paper

3. Complete a literature review on the topic to support your development of a specific learning tool.

4. Submit reference list by assigned date (3/5/16) (10 points) References must not be older than 2010. Per RUBRIC:
Minimum of 3 recent (2010-2016) articles from peer reviewed journals.
Please list all journal articles using correct APA formatting. In addition, list (per APA) any websites that you will be using. (10 points)

Part three of the paper

5. Develop the teaching/learning tool. (submit a copy of your Learning tool)

Part four of the paper

6. Present the teaching/learning tool to the target population.

7. Assess and evaluate the presentation of the teaching learning tool and identify suggestions for future use.

Part five of the paper Academic Paper Component (Use Instructions below to write the paper)

8. Complete the academic paper component (80 points) of the project. (Complete this written component as you progress through the identification, development and delivery of the teaching/learning tool).

9. SUBMIT a copy of your learning tool (30 points).

ACADEMIC PAPER COMPONENT:

1. Define the teaching/learning need

2. Describe how you
a. identified the teaching/learning need (review the collaboration process with your preceptor and/or other)
b. assessed the scope and breadth of the teaching/learning need

3. Explain the teaching/learning tool development and the rationale for its creation. Use scientific literature to support your development decisions.

4. Assess how well your project was received and its suitability for future use and/or revision. Integrate the nursing interventions of communication and teaching.

5. Reflect on this teaching/learning process from inception of idea to delivery of content. In doing so, interweave the concepts of collaboration, conceptualization and critical thinking (be sure to use these terms).

6. Write a conclusion (note your take away and suggestions for further use or revisions)

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property

/in /by

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property

Assignment 4: Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual PropertyYou are a new associate at the law firm of Dewey, Chetum, and Howe. John, a former researcher at PharmaCARE, comes to your office. He has concerns about PharmaCARE’s use of AD23, one of the company’s top-selling diabetes drugs. Two (2) years ago, after PharmaCARE’s research indicated that AD23 might also slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, John and his team of pharmacists began reformulating the drug to maximize that effect. In order to avoid the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) scrutiny, PharmaCARE established a wholly-owned subsidiary, CompCARE, to operate as a compounding pharmacy to sell the new formulation to individuals on a prescription basis. CompCARE established itself in a suburban office park near its parent’s headquarters. To conserve money and time, CompCARE did a quick, low-cost renovation. CompCARE benefited from PharmaCARE’s reputation, databases, networks, and sales and marketing expertise, and within six (6) months had the medical community buzzing about AD23. Demand soared, particularly among Medicare, Medicaid, and Veterans Affairs patients. Seeing the opportunity to realize even more profit, CompCARE began advertising AD23 directly to consumers and marketing the drug directly to hospitals, clinics, and physician offices, even though compounding pharmacies are not permitted to sell drugs in bulk for general use. To circumvent this technicality, CompCARE encouraged doctors to fax lists of fictitious patient names to CompCARE. PharmaCARE sold CompCARE to WellCo, a large drugstore chain, just weeks before AD23 was publicly linked to over 200 cardiac deaths. As CompCARE and its new parent company enjoyed record profits and PharmaCARE’s stock price approached $300 per share, reports started surfacing that people who received AD23 seemed to be suffering heart attacks at an alarming rate. The company ignored this data and continued filling large orders and paying huge bonuses to all the executives and managers, including John, whose wife recently died from a heart attack after using AD23. John has come to you with an internal company memo describing the potential problems with AD23, and information describing the company’s willingness “roll the dice” and continue to market the drug.Your senior partner has asked you to write a memo outlining the following issues for review by the senior partners.
APA STYLE
8 PAGES
HIGHLIGHT EACH QUESTION
PLEASE REFER TO ORDER NUMBER 81597399 THIS IS A CONTINUATION ASSIGNMENT.
1. In preparation for this assignment, use the Internet or Strayer Library to research examples of intellectual property theft that occurred within the past two (2) years.
2. Write an eight paper.
3. Research three to five (3-5) ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety and examine whether PharmaCARE violated any of the issues in question.
4. Argue for or against Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) marketing by drug companies. Provide support for your response.
5. Determine the parties responsible for regulating compounding pharmacies under the current regulatory scheme, the actions that either these parties or the FDA could / should have taken in this scenario, and whether PharmaCARE could face legal exposure surrounding its practices. Support your response.
6. Analyze the manner in which PharmaCARE used U.S. law to protect its own intellectual property and if John has any claim to being the true “inventor” of AD23. Suggest at least three (3) ways the company could compensate John for the use of his intellectual property.
7. Summarize at least one (1) current example (within the past two [2] years) of intellectual property theft, and examine the effect on that company’s brand.
8. Analyze the potential issue surrounding the death of John’s wife and other potential litigants against PharmaCARE as a result of AD23.
9. Specify both the major arguments that John can make to claim that he is a whistleblower and the type of protections that he should be afforded. Justify your response.
10. Analyze and assess legal and ethical restraints on marketing and advertising, relative to both consumers and organizations.
11. Analyze and evaluate laws and regulations relative to product safety and liability.
12. Explore copyright laws and intellectual property rights and assess how well they balance competing interests.
13. Use at least 5 quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia is not an acceptable reference and proprietary Websites do not qualify as academic resources.