Comparison between the Foreign Policy under Case 1 choose from decision/events of Foreign Economic Policies to China Under Nixon and Case 2 from Obama towards China.

/in /by

Explain US Foreign Policy in 2 cases. Comparison between the Foreign Policy under Case 1 choose from decision/events of Foreign Economic Policies to China Under Nixon and Case 2 from Obama towards China. USE ONE APPROACH/HYPOTHESIS seems valid across two different cases. Sustain an argument (thesis statement) using two cases of U.S. foreign policy decisions or behavior. You must develop a causal explanation based on what you are learning in the unit, and your own thoughts and insights. Some suggested approaches are:
Presidents are meaningfully constrained by public opinion in foreign policy decisions due to…..
In reality, Congress has been unable to check or balance Presidential foreign policy decisions since
1965 because….
Special interests such as economic actors or ethnic influence groups can dominate U.S. foreign
policy on issues important when….
Some possible pairs of cases are: U.S. relations with Indonesia under Suharto and under Yudhoyono; U.S. use of force in the Bosnian and Kosovo conflicts; U.S. relations with Canada and Australia; U.S. free trade diplomacy with Australia and Singapore; U.S. policy towards Africa under G.W. Bush and Obama…This basic analytical approach is a common and useful tool in many professional and academic research contexts, such as business, law, NGO work, government, and across the social sciences. It can be a valuable tool in your academic and professional career.
It is advisable to choose cases (that is, specific decisions or events in U.S. foreign relations) which and have clear relevance to the concept you choose. It is not necessary to include all aspects or details of a given case in your paper. Rather, you should focus on providing a “structured, focused comparison”1 of the two cases to examine one clear-cut proposition/argument. This means asking the same question (argument), using basically the same analytical approach (same kinds of evidence), across both cases.

The essay should utilise following general format (or something similar):
i) introduction and thesis statement
ii) introduction of the cases chosen and rationale for their selection/utility
iii) detailed examination of the cases based around the thesis statement;
iv) discussion and synthesis of the results of the analysis for both cases;
v) conclusion.
use in-text (such as Harvard) or footnote referencing style
Must include sources from the Web of Knowledge (social sciences)

Research Methodology

/in /by

Research Methods Assignment – Structured Research Proposal

After completing this module you should complete a research proposal form (using the attached form above) to investigate a topic in a subject area relevant to your course. Your proposal should be guided by the methodological issues covered in the Research Methods module.

You are required to produce a structured research proposal, ensuring that you complete all elements of the attached Research Proposal assignment form. It is critically important that you carefully read all of this guidance before you start this assignment.

Your proposal should emphasise how you intend to answer whatever research question you formulate – you should, therefore, devote most of your answer to theoretical and methodological issues. Please do not make the mistake of attempting to carry out a piece of empirical research and answer the research question within the proposal. Rather, you should provide a detailed and feasible account of what you would need to do in order to answer your research question, if you decided to pursue this research project for your dissertation.

Additional Guidance

If you are planning to research this topic for your dissertation, do ensure that it is feasible, and can be completed in approximately five months, part time study. If you are not planning to undertake this proposed research for your dissertation, please make this clear in the proposal, and be sure your proposal provides a clear understanding of the resources that will be required to conduct the research, were the proposal to be accepted and commissioned, for example. This is very important in assessing the feasibility and quality of practical planning in your submission.

Even if you are not considering this topic for your dissertation, it would still be useful to think of the research in terms of a dissertation-sized project with similar time constraints, otherwise you may find that you have insufficient word space to outline a larger project. Remember, the two biggest limitations to carrying out research are time and money – it is likely you will have little of both so take this into account when you are designing your research project. Also consider carefully the issue of access – how likely is it that either companies or individuals are going to let you see documents/data or speak to them? For instance, gaining access to prisoners, certainly in the UK, is extremely difficult and closely controlled by the Government – it is unlikely that permission will be given without a very long period of negotiation.

You must ensure that your proposal provides a concise ‘mini’ literature review to demonstrate your critical understanding of the subject area and previous research on this topic. You should try to discuss at least three previous pieces of research (Previous Research Findings section).

Do ensure that you demonstrate your understanding of social science research methods by providing supporting evidence from the research methods published literature (for your Research Methodology section). This is very important; you need to support and justify your chosen method and tools by referring to the academic literature.

You must ensure that you demonstrate ethical awareness and give sufficient thought to any ethical issues. It is very rare in primary research, particularly concerning issues relating to crime, risk and security that there are no ethical issues.

Do remember that, as with all assignments, you should pay careful attention to your use of language and grammar, sources and with your referencing.

RESEARCH METHOD ASSIGNMENT FORM

1). Introduction

This section should introduce the topic that you plan to research. You should detail the specific question you seek to answer (e.g. what is the nature of the relationship between CCTV installation and burglary reduction?) and set out a short list of clear aims and objectives.

Please enter Introduction in below text box*

Click here to enter text.

2). Previous Research Findings

You should provide a clear and detailed discussion of research that has previously been conducted in this area. You should outline their methods and research design and consider their findings.

Occasionally, you may plan to conduct research into a topic where little previous research has been conducted. If this is the case, you may need to widen your research parameters and you will need to find comparable research in either a closely related topic, or where methods used match your own. Do not simply repeat methods and findings, but ensure that you discuss these.

Please enter Research Findings in below text box *

Click here to enter text.

3).Relevant Theoretical Perspectives/Framework

You should explain the perspective(s) that you will use to develop a theoretical framework to research and understand the problem and why you consider them to be most appropriate. You need to try to ensure that your proposed research is grounded in theory which will help you to structure and plan the research (as this will affect the research design, including your method(s) and how you analyse your findings). Looking at the theories and/or models that previous researchers in your topic area have used can help you with this. Note also that it is not always possible to find a theory that exactly matches your research problem. Therefore, you may need to take a more overarching view and look for theories that are relevant to the overall/general research topic area, rather than the specific research problem

Please enter Relevant Theoretical Perspectives/Frameworkin below text box *

Click here to enter text.

4). Research Methodology

You should outline at least two different types of research design that could be used for your proposed research. Each design should be feasible and it should be clear to the reader how the methods outlined in each design will enable you to achieve your overall research aim(s)There are often a number of different approaches that could be used to meet the overall aims and objectives of a research project so please consider the different ways in which you could research your chosen topic.

Please enter Design 1 in below text box*

Click here to enter text.

Please enter Design 2 in below text box*

Click here to enter text.

Please enter Design 3 in below text box (optional)

Click here to enter text.

Please present your case for, and against, using each of these designs (supported by reference to the literature) in the below text box.*

Click here to enter text.

Please identify your preferred choice from the above possible designs, discuss your reasons for this and outline in detail the method(s) chosen in the below text box.*

You should outline the methods you propose to use (e.g. documentary evidence, questionnaires, interviews) and why you consider them to be most suitable for gathering the necessary information to address your research problem. Do ensure that you provide sufficient information and justification for your methods in this section regarding sampling, access, validity and reliability, and participant numbers, for example. It is vitally important that you make use of the extensive social science research methodology literature to explain the various methods available and to justify your choice. Not providing supporting references for this literature is likely to lead to you failing this assignment.

Click here to enter text.

5). Research Ethics

Please outline the ethical issues associated with your proposed research and what actions could be taken to address these. Ethics are an important consideration in research design and you should ensure that you have given sufficient thought to ethical issues. There are likely to be ethical issues relating to any type of primary research involving people, and also with certain types of documentary research. Again, ensure that you support this section with referenced evidence from the social research literature.

Please enter Research Ethics in the below text box*

Click here to enter text.

6). Anticipated Problems

You should be able to anticipate problems in conducting your research and also be able to offer solutions as to ways of overcoming them (e.g. how to gain access to an appropriate sample).

Please enter Anticipated Problems in the below text box*

Click here to enter text.

7). References

Please insert list of references in the below text box*

Click here to enter text.

Outline the approach that you will take in your own research, discussing the philosophical and methodological rationale that will underpin your research.

/in /by

 
Research Method

Portfolio Exercise 1
What is Your Research Question? (750 words)
Having now been introduced to the dissertation, the aim of this portfolio exercise is to get you to think about your research question.
What is your research question? Write this out as a short sentence in the form of a question.
Write a synopsis of the central research problem you intend to address in your dissertation. Discuss a) why this problem was chosen; b) why it is a problem suitable for research at Master’s level; and c) what are the academic issues which underpin your research question?

Portfolio Exercise 2 Thinking Ahead (400 words)
• Thinking about the time you have to complete the dissertation, sketch out a timetable for your research and the writing of the dissertation. identify those stages that you feel will prove hardest to undertake or that will take the most time.

Portfolio Exercise 3 Locating Literature (600 words)
This portfolio exercise will develop your bibliographic skills – you will need these to locate relevant literature for your literature review.
As a registered distance learning student of the university of Leicester you have access to the University Library’s online facilities – these include a number of academic databases which cover a broad range of academic publications such as Sage Online, Science Direct, informaworld, business Source Premier, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Social Sciences Citation index, and Expanded Academic ASAP. These databases allow you to search and download articles to your computer, free of charge. The Library has an audio-visual library tutorial on databases, showing you how to use them to find information – if you have not already looked at this tutorial, you should do so nownote you may need your university of Leicester iT Account username and password to access articles.
note that via the Distance Learning service provided by the university Library you have a full library service available to you giving you borrowing rights, literature searching facilities, telephone and internet/email ordering and many other useful and accessible points of entry to the library’s holdings. The Service also deals with PINs, postal loans, document supply (i.e. photocopying), Sconul Access applications and literature search requests. The latter and subject-specific enquiries are passed on to the information Librarian, Andrew Dunn, or his colleagues in the social sciences team when he is on leave. You can contact Andrew by leaving a message on the ‘Library Issues’ discussion board on blackboard, or via e-mail Go the university website and access the databases and other e-resources it hosts. use one of the databases listed above (or others you know) to search for and retrieve three current (within the last 5 years) academic articles relevant to your research question. Once you have identified and downloaded your articles write a 150-word review for each article focusing on the main findings of the research, the research methods used and the strengths and weaknesses of the author’s approach.
Provide a list of ten additional academic articles or books that you intend to use in your research.

Portfolio Exercise 4
The Philosophy of Social Research and Your Approach (1000 words)
All researchers need to justify the reasons why certain approaches are chosen and why others are not and the philosophical and practical rationale underpinning their research. This needs to be set within the context of positivist/post-positivist/interpretivist positions and the related quantitative/qualitative/mixed-methodological approaches.
• Outline the approach that you will take in your own research, discussing the philosophical and methodological rationale that will underpin your research.
You should consider which of the positivist/post-positivist/interpretivist principles
will underpin your research and why, and reflect on whether your research question suggests one methodological approach over another, or a combination of approaches. You should consider the strengths and potential weaknesses/limitations of your chosen approach and why this was chosen over the alternatives.

Portfolio Exercise 5
Your Samples (400 words)
for this exercise you need to consider and respond to the following:
• Who will make up your sample?
• Explain the size of your sample.
• Explain why this choice of sample is appropriate for your research.
• Have you agreed access to this sample/how will you access your sample?

Portfolio Exercise 6
Ethical Considerations (1000 words)
All research raises ethical issues. This is the case throughout the research, not simply in the early stages.
• Drawing on what you have learned from this section, outline in what ways your research raises ethical issues and how you plan to address these.
it is a requirement of the university of Leicester that you complete the Research Ethical Review (RER) and receive approval before conducting any research. You cannot proceed with the dissertation until ethical clearance has been obtained. To do this, you will need to complete the RER once you have received feedback on your Module 4 assignment. The feedback will identify where to locate the RER and who you need to send it to. Please contact the Centre directly if you have any questions about the ethics form.
Please note that if you make any potentially significant changes to your proposed research in the course of working with your supervisor, you may need to submit a new form. if you do plan to change elements such as the research methods, the sample or if your access changes, please contact your supervisor immediately.

Portfolio Exercise 7 Techniques (1500-2000 words)
Having read about some research techniques available to you we want you to consider the following questions:
What research techniques do you intend to use in your dissertation? (remember that you can use more that one).
Why have you chosen to use these techniques?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the techniques you have chosen?
What literature on research methods has led you to believe that this/these would be the best approach for your dissertation?
How do you propose to analyse the data you have collected?

FOUNDATIONS OF STATISTICS ASSIGNMENT

/in /by

STA10003 FOUNDATIONS OF STATISTICS ASSIGNMENT

This assignment is worth 20% of your final mark.

Scenario

You are a new graduate at a social science and psychological sciences research institute, and the lead researcher has given you a dataset to analyse. You will be graded based on the rubric attached to these instructions.

The data set is based on Australian victims of crime statistics from the Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS] collected over the period from 2010 to 2014. The original data file contained over 165,000 observations extracted from various ABS catalogues[eg Cat. 4510 /Cat. 4530.0], and a representative subset of the original data containing 8292 observations [STA10003_Assignment_SP3_2015.sav] is located in the Assignment Information tab on Blackboard.

Data Preparation

Before attempting the Assignment questions, you must use SPSS to draw a random sample of 2000 [from the 8292 cases]. You will conduct your analysis on your sample of 2000 observations. Instructions on how to generate your random sample is attached. Note, however, that some variables contain missing values, so each of your analyses may not contain the entire 2000 cases.

Submission Instructions

  • Your submission must be a single Word file or PDF file and should contain the relevant output.
  • You must submit your file via the Turnitin link on Blackboard by the specified due date and time. Only the last document you submit will be retained by Turnitin.
  • This is an individual assignment. Do not share your work with other students. They will have a different random sample of data, so any copying will be detected by Turnitin.

Video demonstrations

Videos showing how to prepare your data and how to submit via Turnitin are provided for you in the Assignment Information tab [ > Assignment Information folder] on Blackboard.

For your assignment, you are required to complete the following five [5] questions by producing the appropriate analyses and writing the relevant report for each question.

Note: For each question you should include the relevant output with your report.

Question 1

The variable ‘CRIME’ indicates the type of crime reported by Australian victims of crime during the period 2010 – 2014. Produce the relevant graph and table to summarise the ‘CRIME’ variable and write a paragraph explaining the key features of the data observed in the output in the style presented in the course materials.

Question 2

The variable ‘INCIDENTS’ measures the number of times that the respondent – or a member of their household – has been a victim of crime at the time this incident was reported. Produce the relevant graph and tables to summarise the ‘INCIDENTS’ variable and write a paragraph explaining the key features of the data observed in the output in the style presented in the course materials.

Question 3

The variable ‘WEAPONTYPE’ indicates the type of weapon used during the crime.

Previous research has shown that 79% of all crimes are committed without any type of weapon being used. It has been suggested that the percentage of crimes committed without a weapon being used is now lower than this.

Conduct a Binomial test using the ‘WEAPONTYPE’ variable to test this claim. Produce the relevant output and write a Binomial test report based on your output in the style presented in the course materials.

Question 4

The variable ‘AGE’ indicates the age of the respondent at the time the crime was committed.

Previous research has indicated that the average age of victims of crime is 24 years. It is expected that the average age of victims of crime is currently higher than this.

Conduct a One-sample t-test using the ‘AGE’ variable to test this claim. Produce the relevant output and write a One-sample t-test report based on your output in the style presented in the course materials.

Question 5

Researchers predict that the average number of incidents of crime is higher for females than for males. Conduct an Independent samples t-test using the ‘INCIDENTS’ and ‘SEX’ variables to test this claim. Produce the relevant output and write an Independent samples t-test report based on your output in the style presented in the course materials.

How to generate your random sample of 2000 observations:

  1. Open the STA10003_Assignment_SP3_2015.sav data file. From the Transform drop-down menu, select Random Number Generators:
  1. From the Random Number Generators dialogue box, click the Set Active Generator and Set Starting Point as shown below. Click OK:
  1. From the Data drop-down menu, select Select Cases:
  1. From the Select Cases dialogue box, choose Random Sample of Cases and then click the Sample button [the Sample button is in grey-scale until you select the Random sample of cases choice]:
  1. From the Select Cases: Random Sample dialogue box, click Exactly and type 2000 cases from the first 8292.

[again the information is in grey-scale until you select ‘Exactly’. We want to generate a random sample of 2000 from the entire data set, so enter 2000 cases from the first 8292 cases]:

  1. After clicking Continue [this returns you to the Select Cases Dialogue Box] you will see next to the Sample button confirmation that 2000 cases have been selected:
  1. We can remove the unselected cases by clicking the Delete unselected cases button under the Output heading:
  1. After clicking OK, your data set will now only show the 2000 cases selected.

You should now save the data file with a new name. The data file is ready to use for your Assignment!