Effects of Stress

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Assignment: Effects of Stress

Provide a 1-page description of a stressful event currently occurring in your life. Then, referring to information you learned throughout this course, address the following:

  • What physiological changes occur in the brain due to the stress response?
  • What emotional and cognitive effects might occur due to this stressful situation?
  • Would the above changes (physiological, cognitive, or emotional) be any different if the same stress were being experienced by a person of the opposite sex or someone much older or younger than you?
  • If the situation continues, how might your physical health be affected?
  • What three behavioral strategies would you implement to reduce the effects of this stressor? Describe each strategy. Explain how each behavior could cause changes in brain physiology (e.g., exercise can raise serotonin levels).
  • If you were encouraging an adult client to make the above changes, what ethical considerations would you have to keep in mind? How would you address those ethical considerations?

Due to government funding cuts, you have recently been appointed as head physiologist for the Centre for Disease Control, due to your unparalleled physiology knowledge and willingness to work for minimum wage.

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Due to government funding cuts, you have recently been appointed as head physiologist for the Centre for Disease Control, due to your unparalleled physiology knowledge and willingness to work for minimum wage.

Billions of people served worldwide by the popular fast food chain McDowell’s have all fallen ill due to a mysterious chemical being used in the beef.  You are tasked with gathering as much information as possible about this chemical with a view to treating those affected.

Note: When people stop eating at McDowell’s, they are no longer affected, but apparently that isn’t an option, especially at 1:00am, nor is it an option to change the beef.

The chemical leads to a dramatically increased heart rate.

1.  Which of the following experiments would be most appropriate to determine if the chemical is a steroid?

Inject the chemical into a rat and determine whether it causes sympathetic or parasympathetic activation.
Add the chemical to cultured cells and determine whether it’s effect is immediate or delayed
Inject the chemical into a rat and determine if it only affects the heart, or if it affects the blood vessels as well.
Add the chemical to cultured cells and determine if the presence of adrenaline increases the effect of the chemical.Through animal testing, you determine that the chemical increases heart rate by acting directly on the heart itself and affects autonomic nervous system signalling.  It appears to have no direct effect on blood vessels.  You have not determined if it is affecting other organ systems.  Based on this information, the drug could be (select all that apply):Acting on nicotinic receptors of both sympathetic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.Acting on muscarinic receptors.Acting on beta-1 adrenergic receptors.Acting on beta-2 adrenergic receptors.Acting on alpha-1 adrenergic receptors.Acting on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors.You are given the opportunity to interview the sufferers of the delicious beef scandal.  Considering your answer to question 2, which of the following questions could help you determine which receptors are being affected by the chemical (select all that apply)?Have you experienced any muscle weakness?Have you had difficulty breathing?Have your fingertips turned white (Generalised vasoconstriction)?Have you experienced any erectile dysfunction?Have you experienced an increased sensitivity to light?You ask the patients all of the above questions (even though some may have been irrelevant), and they answer “no” to all of them.  Judging by this, the chemical must be:
Activating nicotinic receptors.Blocking nicotinic receptors.Activating muscarinic receptors.Blocking muscarinic receptors.Activating beta-1 receptors.Blocking beta-1 receptors.Activating beta-2 receptors.Blocking beta-2 receptors.Activating alpha-1 receptors.Blocking alpha-1 receptors.Activating alpha-2 receptors.Blocking alpha-2 receptors.In an opportunistic move, McDowell’s competitor, “Peckish Bill’s” has begun putting a chemical in their special sauce which reduces the effect of the McDowell’s chemical, slowing heart rate.  The relationship between these two chemicals could be considered:Permissive.Synergistic.Antagonistic.

Conduct a review of scientific literature to understand what is known about the evolution of your chosen organism. Search key words like evolution, fossil, ancestor.

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In this step of the course project you will write a well-researched organism profile:research paper on your chosen organism. You should incorporate both the Outline Assignment 2 fleshed out into paragraphs and the Abstract Assignment 3 into this profile. Recall that your research should come from scientific information from the APUS library  see the work you completed for Academic Honor Review and Library Research Primer) as well as appropriate sources on the internet.

To prepare for this assignment I recommend that you do the following:

Read these directions carefully. Review the sample profile provided to you. Read the rubric. The rubric is a very detailed template that I will use to assess your performance. It also will help you understand what is expected from you as you prepare your assignment. Message me with any questions!

The required elements: Your profile should contain the following elements in the order listed below. Please note that this closely mirrors the expectations of the Outline (Assignment 2) as well as the abstract (Assignment 3). However, my expectation is that any feedback that was given to you from Assignments 2 and 3 be incorporated into this assignment. Please go back and review those comments.

Your Abstract should contain the following parts that are listed below.

Topic Sentence: your abstract must contain one sentence that clearly and concisely introduces the topic of the profile paper. Content Sentences: your abstract must mention the following five main topics of the profile: background information about the species, life cycle of the organism, structure and function of one organ system of the organism, evolutionary topic, and an additional interest. This is challenging to write! These sentences should not be too specific, but reflect broad strokes summaries of each of these main topics. Conclusion Sentence: Abstract contains one sentence that mentions key conclusions and/or findings.

Here is a link that may help: Advice on writing abstracts: (Please note that you do not have a methods section in this paper. Despite that difference, this is a great resource with great tips).

I. The Introduction: this section must contain

A. The scientific name of your organism. Please see this link (How to Write Latin Names) for help if needed.

B. The common name of your organism. What do most people know it as?

C. The area of residence in which you and your organism are (country/state/city).

D. The specific biome of where your organism lives. Please see this link on biomes for help if needed.

II. The Body: this section should contain

A. Background: include a general physical description of your organism

B. Life Cycle: describe the life cycle of your organism. The life cycle refers to the series of changes that happens from the beginning of life as your organism develops and grows into a mature organism. Please see here for some hints on life cycle.

C. Structure and Function: please select one organ system of your organism that you find to be particularly interesting and describe both the anatomy and physiology of that system.

a. If your organism is an animal, here are a list of the general animal organ systems.

b. If your organism is a plant, here are a list of the general plant organ systems.

c. If you have selected a bacteria or a fungus the concept can be more complex. Please contact me directly for more directions if needed.

D. Evolution: Evolution is best understood as heritable change over time, or descent with modification. Please be sure to discuss the evolution of your organism using the following guidance:

a. Conduct a review of scientific literature to understand what is known about the evolution of your chosen organism. Search key words like evolution, fossil, ancestor. Also, refer back to your results from Assignment 1.

b. Conduct a review of scientific literature to understand the family tree or phylogeny of your organism. Phylogeny is defined as the history of organismal lineage as they change through time. Search key words like phylogeny, phylogenetic and genetic analysis.

c. Use the Tree of Life Project to help you identify the lineage and related species.

E. Additional Interests: The diversity of biological organisms is vast and interesting! Identify at least one unique fact or behavior not covered in the life cycle, structure/function or evolution and discuss it. For example, does your organism have an interesting parental care strategy or mating system? What about an adaptation or co-dependence with another species?

III. Conclusion section: this section should contain four to six bullet points that sum up the main points from the outline.

IV. Reference section: this is not just a separate section; rather referencing should occur throughout the outline as it will in your paper. Please be sure to cite any language within the outline that should be cited. Proper citation and referencing were reviewed in Assignment 1; please look back at those resources and/or ask me if you have any additional questions. Your paper should also have a final reference page listing the sources used throughout the outline.

Please make note of the following tips and tricks:

Please note that less than 10% of your paper should contain direct quotes. Avoid bulleted lists within the body of your paper. Do not write in first or second person. One last reminder: be sure to properly cite your work, both internal to the paper as well as within the reference page. Please see the sample profile below!

Explain a protocol for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up care of this disorder.

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Assignment 1: Application – Protocol for Diagnosis, Matnagement, and Followe of Disorders
As pediatric patients grow from infancy to adolescence, there are many common body system disorders that may potentially present. As an advanced practice nurse caring for these patients, you must understand the pathophysiology and epidemiology of these disorders as this will help you to recognize symptoms and select appropriate assessment and treatment options. In this Assignment, you prepare for your role in clinical settings as you design a protocol for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up care for a common body system disorder.
To prepare:

Reflect on the body system disorder that you selected in Week 5. Cystic Fibrosis is the disorder selected.
Think about the pathophysiology and epidemiology of the disorder.
Consider a protocol for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up care of the disorder you selected.
Think about how culture might impact the care of patients who present with this disorder.

To complete:
Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:

Explain the disorder you selected, including its pathophysiology and epidemiology.
Explain a protocol for the diagnosis, management, and follow-up care of this disorder.
Explain how culture might impact the care of patients who present with the disorder you selected.

Note: The School of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The Sample Paper provided at the Walden Writing Center provides an example of those required elements (available at http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates). All papers submitted must use this formatting.