What impact does making     the product have on the environment? Hint look at: pollution of air,     water, habitat loss…

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Chose a processed product (e.g., computer, Styrofoam product,   plastic product, diapers, or vehicle tires) and create a 15-slide   PowerPoint to answer the following questions:

  1. History: what is the product, where has it been used, who used     it first?
  2. How is it made?: include items needed for     production and steps in the process
  3. What impact does making     the product have on the environment? Hint look at: pollution of air,     water, habitat loss…
  4. What is being done to making     the product sustainable? (Hint: Is there a company with a     sustainability plan? Look for efforts on reusing, recycling, plans     to replant if product components are renewable, etc.)
  5. What     is the future outlook of the product?
  6. Create a campaign     slide to encourage sustainable use of the product

Explain how the color of moths increases or decreases their chances of survival depending on the environment. 

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Objectives

· Investigate the process of Natural Selection using the Peppered Moth as the example

· Analyze population trends

· Understand the effect of human impacts on the living world.

NGSS: 3-LS4-2. Use evidence to construct an explanation for how the variations in characteristics among individuals of the same species may provide advantages in surviving, finding mates, and reproducing

· LS4.B: Natural Selection Sometimes the differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species provide advantages in surviving, finding mates, and reproducing. (3-LS4-2)

Introduction

Between 1831 and 1836 Charles Darwin, a naturalist, sailed around the world as a member of a British scientific expedition. During the trip he made observations about the natural world and collected numerous species of plants and animals. These observations led to a book called The Origin of the Species, where he proposed The Theory of Natural Section.  Darwin suggests that “those individuals who possess superior physical, behavioral, or other attributes are more likely to survive than those which are not so well endowed” (a.k.a. survival of the fittest).

One example of an advantage that leads to survival of the fittest is camouflage. The term camouflage means to conceal by disguise. There are many examples in nature of animals that hide from predators. Chameleons are known for their ability to alter their skin color to blend in with the leaves and plants they are hiding in. This enables them to “sneak attack” their prey. Insects often use camouflage to hide from birds or other predators.

The case of the peppered moth in Manchester, England is a well documented scientific study of the value of camouflage in Natural Selection. This case involves two forms of a moth, an insect which relies on camouflage to survive. One form of the moth was white colored and the other form a black color. During the end of the 19th century, with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, smoke particles from the factories gradually blackened the trees on which the moths rested. What was the result of this change in the environment? How were the moth populations affected? How did the moth populations change?

Instructions 
               Go to:                   http://peppermoths.weebly.com
               Click on:               A bird’s eye view of natural selection (far right circle with bird)
               Read:                    The Instructions
               Play:                     5 minutes in the Lichen Forest; hit pause and write down your 
                                              percentages in the table below.  Stop and goto the Sooty Forest.
               Play:                     5 minutes in the Sooty Forest; hit pause and write down your 
                                              percentages in the table below.  Stop and answer the questions.
Alternatives:       http://www.techapps.net/interactives/pepperMoths.swf
                               http://www6.district125.k12.il.us/~nfischer/Moth/default.htm
Name:  _____________________
Peppered Moth Analysis

 

Percent Dark Moths
Percent Light Moths
Lichen Forest
Sooty Forest
1.    Explain how the color of moths increases or decreases their chances of survival depending on the environment. 
2.    Application:  500 light colored moths and 500 dark colored moths are released into a polluted forest.  After 2 days the moths were recaptured, make a prediction about the number of each type of moth that would be captured. 
3.    How has the striking change in coloration come about? (Include an explanation of how the dark moth appeared and how the proportion of dark moths changed from 0.0005% to more than 90% in polluted forests.)
4.    Using the four words we discussed in Lecture, explain how the Peppered Moth population is an example of Natural Selection.
5.    Is Evolution a directed or purposeful event?  Is it random?  Or is a population evolving “toward something”?  Explain your answer.

Autism is a mental condition present from early childhood which is characterized by great difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts.

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One page essay about Autism including four points as well as six citations in MLA FORMAT due TODAY 11/14/2018

1. definition of Autism

· Autism is a mental condition present from early childhood which is characterized by great difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts.

2.background information

· Developmental disorder with impairments in social interaction / communication and marked by  restricted and / or repetitive behavior

· Timeline or onset of symptoms (2 or 3 years of age)

· Currently estimated to affect 1.5 % of children in developed countries

3. Causes

· Rubella (German Measles) in pregnant mother

· Encephalitis (Brain inflammation)

· Fragile X syndrome (The most common inherited form of intellectual disability)

4. consequences

· Social Isolation

· Lowered self-confidence and self esteem

· Depression

5. Biblography – six citations MLA

Differentiate between the primary and secondary cell walls. What is the primary structural component of plant cell walls?

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Biology 1406 Lecture Exam II Review

Chapter 2.3

1. How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

2. Define: organic, inorganic, macromolecule, biomolecule, monomer, polymer

3. What is a functional group?

4. Be able to identify the structural formula of each of the functional groups.

5. Identify the class of compounds related to each functional group.

6. Identify and differentiate the three types of isomers.

Chapter 3

1. Define condensation and hydrolysis.

2. Identify the four classes of biomolecules; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

3. Identify the elements that make up each of the four classes of biomolecules, the basic monomer for each except lipids and anything unique about each class.

4. Know the four types of carbohydrates; their basic structure and the function(s) of each of the four. Identify two structural poly saccharides and two food storage polysaccharides.

5. Know the functions of neutral fats, phospholipids, waxes, sterols and carotenes. Know the structure of neutral fats, phospholipids and sterols.

6. What is a hydrocarbon, a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat?

7. Identify the possible structural arrangements for polypeptides and proteins, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.

8. Recognize that nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides. Know that a nucleotide is made of a five carbon sugar, a nitrogen base and a phosphate.

9. Know the functions of DNA and RNA.

10. Know the base pairing relationship for DNA and RNA.

Chapter 4

1. Recognize that the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.

2. Know the cell theory.

3. Know that cell size is determined by the surface volume ratio. As a cell grows the volume increases faster than the surface.

4. Know that the resolution limit for the light microscope is 0.2 m micrometers.

5. Know that the transmission electron microscope has the highest magnification and resolution.

6. Recognize that the scanning electron microscope produces high resolution three dimensional images.

7. Define the differences between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

8. Differentiate between plant and animal cells.

9. Explain the role of the nucleus in the cell.

10. Define: nuclear envelope, chromatin, chromosome, nucleolus, nuclear pore and nuclear lamina

11. Define the structure and function of the organelles of the endomembrane system. Rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, transport vesicle, lysosome and plasma membrane.

12. Identify the organelles that probably arose as endosymbiotic bacteria (prokaryotes).

13. Define the structure and function of peroxisomes, glyoxysomes, contractile vacuole, cell vacuole, mitochondria, proplastids, chromoplast, leucoplast and chloroplast.

14. Explain the structure and function of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Recognize that all three have structural roles in cells but only microtubules and microfilaments are involved in cell movements.

15. Identify the structure and function of cilia, flagella, centrioles and basal bodies.

16. Define the cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and cell wall for plant cells. Identify the role of collagen, proteoglycans, fibronectins and integrins if the extracellular matrix of animal cells.

17. Differentiate between the primary and secondary cell walls. What is the primary structural component of plant cell walls?

18. Define desmosomes, gap junctions, tight junctions and plasmodesmata. Recognize that desmosomes, gap junctions and tight junctions are only found in animals and plasmodesmata are only in plants.