Research Proposal paper for Technical Writing Answers 1Bids 1Other questions 10

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DefinitionThe goal of a research proposal is to present and justify the need to study a research problem and to present the practical ways in which the proposed study should be conducted. The design elements and procedures for conducting the research are governed by standards within the predominant discipline in which the problem resides, so guidelines for research proposals are more exacting and less formal than a general project proposal. Research proposals contain extensive literature reviews. They must provide persuasive evidence that a need exists for the proposed study. In addition to providing a rationale, a proposal describes detailed methodology for conducting the research consistent with requirements of the professional or academic field and a statement on anticipated outcomes and/or benefits derived from the study’s completion.Krathwohl, David R. How to Prepare a Dissertation Proposal: Suggestions for Students in Education and the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2005.How to Approach Writing a Research ProposalYour professor may assign the task of writing a research proposal for the following reasons:Develop your skills in thinking about and designing a comprehensive research study;Learn how to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature to ensure a research problem has not already been answered [or you may determine the problem has been answered ineffectively] and, in so doing, become better at locating scholarship related to your topic;Improve your general research and writing skills;Practice identifying the logical steps that must be taken to accomplish one’s research goals;Critically review, examine, and consider the use of different methods for gathering and analyzing data related to the research problem; and,Nurture a sense of inquisitiveness within yourself and to help see yourself as an active participant in the process of doing scholarly research.A proposal should contain all the key elements involved in designing a completed research study, with sufficient information that allows readers to assess the validity and usefulness of your proposed study. The only elements missing from a research proposal are the findings of the study and your analysis of those results. Finally, an effective proposal is judged on the quality of your writing and, therefore, it is important that your writing is coherent, clear, and compelling.Regardless of the research problem you are investigating and the methodology you choose, all research proposals must address the following questions:What do you plan to accomplish? Be clear and succinct in defining the research problem and what it is you are proposing to research.Why do you want to do it? In addition to detailing your research design, you also must conduct a thorough review of the literature and provide convincing evidence that it is a topic worthy of study. Be sure to answer the ‘So What?’ question.How are you going to do it? Be sure that what you propose is doable. If you’re having trouble formulating a research problem to propose investigating, go here.Common Mistakes to AvoidFailure to be concise; being ‘all over the map’ without a clear sense of purpose.Failure to cite landmark works in your literature review.Failure to delimit the contextual boundaries of your research [e.g., time, place, people, etc.].Failure to develop a coherent and persuasive argument for the proposed research.Failure to stay focused on the research problem; going off on unrelated tangents.Sloppy or imprecise writing, or poor grammar.Too much detail on minor issues, but not enough detail on major issues.Procter, Margaret. The Academic Proposal.  The Lab Report. University College Writing Centre. University of Toronto; Sanford, Keith. Information for Students: Writing a Research Proposal. Baylor University; Wong, Paul T. P. How to Write a Research Proposal. International Network on Personal Meaning. Trinity Western University; Writing Academic Proposals: Conferences, Articles, and Books. The Writing Lab and The OWL. Purdue University; Writing a Research Proposal. University Library. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Structure and Writing StyleBeginning the Proposal ProcessAs with writing a regular academic paper, research proposals are generally organized the same way throughout most social science disciplines. Proposals vary between ten and twenty-five pages in length. However, before you begin, read the assignment carefully and, if anything seems unclear, ask your professor whether there are any specific requirements for organizing and writing the proposal.A good place to begin is to ask yourself a series of questions:What do I want to study?Why is the topic important?How is it significant within the subject areas covered in my class?What problems will it help solve?How does it build upon [and hopefully go beyond] research already conducted on the topic?What exactly should I plan to do, and can I get it done in the time available?In general, a compelling research proposal should document your knowledge of the topic and demonstrate your enthusiasm for conducting the study. Approach it with the intention of leaving your readers feeling like–‘Wow, that’s an exciting idea and I can’t wait to see how it turns out!’In general your proposal should include the following sections:I.  IntroductionIn the real world of higher education, a research proposal is most often written by scholars seeking grant funding for a research project or it’s the first step in getting approval to write a doctoral dissertation. Even if this is just a course assignment, treat your introduction as the initial pitch of an idea or a thorough examination of the significance of a research problem. After reading the introduction, your readers should not only have an understanding of what you want to do, but they should also be able to gain a sense of your passion for the topic and be excited about the study’s possible outcomes. Note that most proposals do not include an abstract [summary] before the introduction.Think about your introduction as a narrative written in one to three paragraphs that succinctly answers the following four questions:What is the central research problem?What is the topic of study related to that problem?What methods should be used to analyze the research problem?Why is this important research, what is its significance, and why should someone reading the proposal care about the outcomes of the proposed study?II.  Background and SignificanceThis section can be melded into your introduction or you can create a separate section to help with the organization and narrative flow of your proposal. This is where you explain the context of your proposal and describe in detail why it’s important. Approach writing this section with the thought that you can’t assume your readers will know as much about the research problem as you do. Note that this section is not an essay going over everything you have learned about the topic; instead, you must choose what is relevant to help explain the goals for your study.To that end, while there are no hard and fast rules, you should attempt to address some or all of the following key points:State the research problem and give a more detailed explanation about the purpose of the study than what you stated in the introduction. This is particularly important if the problem is complex or multifaceted.Present the rationale of your proposed study and clearly indicate why it is worth doing. Answer the ‘So What? question [i.e., why should anyone care].Describe the major issues or problems to be addressed by your research. Be sure to note how your proposed study builds on previous assumptions about the research problem.Explain how you plan to go about conducting your research. Clearly identify the key sources you intend to use and explain how they will contribute to your analysis of the topic.Set the boundaries of your proposed research in order to provide a clear focus. Where appropriate, state not only what you will study, but what is excluded from the study.If necessary, provide definitions of key concepts or terms.III.  Literature ReviewConnected to the background and significance of your study is a section of your proposal devoted to a more deliberate review and synthesis of prior studies related to the research problem under investigation. The purpose here is to place your project within the larger whole of what is currently being explored, while demonstrating to your readers that your work is original and innovative. Think about what questions other researchers have asked, what methods they have used, and what is your understanding of their findings and, where stated, their recommendations. Do not be afraid to challenge the conclusions of prior research. Assess what you believe is missing and state how previous research has failed to adequately examine the issue that your study addresses. For more information on writing literature reviews, GO HERE.Since a literature review is information dense, it is crucial that this section is intelligently structured to enable a reader to grasp the key arguments underpinning your study in relation to that of other researchers. A good strategy is to break the literature into ‘conceptual categories’ [themes] rather than systematically describing groups of materials one at a time. Note that conceptual categories generally reveal themselves after you have read most of the pertinent literature on your topic so adding new categories is an on-going process of discovery as you read more studies. How do you know you’ve covered the key conceptual categories underlying the research literature? Generally, you can have confidence that all of the significant conceptual categories have been identified if you start to see repetition in the conclusions or recommendations that are being made.To help frame your proposal’s literature review, here are the ‘five C’s’ of writing a literature review:Cite, so as to keep the primary focus on the literature pertinent to your research problem.Compare the various arguments, theories, methodologies, and findings expressed in the literature: what do the authors agree on? Who applies similar approaches to analyzing the research problem?Contrast the various arguments, themes, methodologies, approaches, and controversies expressed in the literature: what are the major areas of disagreement, controversy, or debate?Critique the literature: Which arguments are more persuasive, and why? Which approaches, findings, methodologies seem most reliable, valid, or appropriate, and why? Pay attention to the verbs you use to describe what an author says/does [e.g., asserts, demonstrates, argues, etc.].Connect the literature to your own area of research and investigation: how does your own work draw upon, depart from, synthesize, or add a new perspective to what has been said in the literature?IV.  Research Design and MethodsThis section must be well-written and logically organized because you are not actually doing the research, yet, your reader has to have confidence that it is worth pursuing. The reader will never have a study outcome from which to evaluate whether your methodological choices were the correct ones. Thus, the objective here is to convince the reader that your overall research design and methods of analysis will correctly address the problem and that the methods will provide the means to effectively interpret the potential results. Your design and methods should be unmistakably tied to the specific aims of your study.Describe the overall research design by building upon and drawing examples from your review of the literature. Consider not only methods that other researchers have used but methods of data gathering that have not been used but perhaps could be. Be specific about the methodological approaches you plan to undertake to obtain information, the techniques you would use to analyze the data, and the tests of external validity to which you commit yourself [i.e., the trustworthiness by which you can generalize from your study to other people, places, events, and/or periods of time].When describing the methods you will use, be sure to cover the following:Specify the research operations you will undertake and the way you will interpret the results of these operations in relation to the research problem. Don’t just describe what you intend to achieve from applying the methods you choose, but state how you will spend your time while applying these methods [e.g., coding text from interviews to find statements about the need to change school curriculum; running a regression to determine if there is a relationship between campaign advertising on social media sites and election outcomes in Europe].Keep in mind that a methodology is not just a list of tasks; it is an argument as to why these tasks add up to the best way to investigate the research problem. This is an important point because the mere listing of tasks to be performed does not demonstrate that, collectively, they effectively address the research problem. Be sure you explain this.Anticipate and acknowledge any potential barriers and pitfalls in carrying out your research design and explain how you plan to address them. No method is perfect so you need to describe where you believe challenges may exist in obtaining data or accessing information. It’s always better to acknowledge this than to have it brought up by your reader.V.  Preliminary Suppositions and ImplicationsJust because you don’t have to actually conduct the study and analyze the results, it doesn’t mean you can skip talking about the analytical process and potential implications. The purpose of this section is to argue how and in what ways you believe your research will refine, revise, or extend existing knowledge in the subject area under investigation. Depending on the aims and objectives of your study, describe how the anticipated results will impact future scholarly research, theory, practice, forms of interventions, or policymaking. Note that such discussions may have either substantive [a potential new policy], theoretical [a potential new understanding], or methodological [a potential new way of analyzing] significance. When thinking about the potential implications of your study, ask the following questions:What might the results mean in regards to the theoretical framework that underpins the study?What suggestions for subsequent research could arise from the potential outcomes of the study?What will the results mean to practitioners in the natural settings of their workplace?Will the results influence programs, methods, and/or forms of intervention?How might the results contribute to the solution of social, economic, or other types of problems?Will the results influence policy decisions?In what way do individuals or groups benefit should your study be pursued?What will be improved or changed as a result of the proposed research?How will the results of the study be implemented, and what innovations will come about?NOTE:  This section should not delve into idle speculation, opinion, or be formulated on the basis of unclear evidence. The purpose is to reflect upon gaps or understudied areas of the current literature and describe how your proposed research contributes to a new understanding of the research problem should the study be implemented as designed.VI.  ConclusionThe conclusion reiterates the importance or significance of your proposal and provides a brief summary of the entire study. This section should be only one or two paragraphs long, emphasizing why the research problem is worth investigating, why your research study is unique, and how it should advance existing knowledge.Someone reading this section should come away with an understanding of:Why the study should be done,The specific purpose of the study and the research questions it attempts to answer,The decision to why the research design and methods used where chosen over other options,The potential implications emerging from your proposed study of the research problem, andA sense of how your study fits within the broader scholarship about the research problem.VII.  CitationsAs with any scholarly research paper, you must cite the sources you used in composing your proposal. In a standard research proposal, this section can take two forms, so consult with your professor about which one is preferred.References — lists only the literature that you actually used or cited in your proposal.Bibliography — lists everything you used or cited in your proposal, with additional citations to any key sources relevant to understanding the research problem.In either case, this section should testify to the fact that you did enough preparatory work to make sure the project will complement and not duplicate the efforts of other researchers. Start a new page and use the heading ‘References’ or ‘Bibliography’ centered at the top of the page. Cited works should always use a standard format that follows the writing style advised by the discipline of your course [i.e., education=APA; history=Chicago, etc] or that is preferred by your professor. This section normally does not count towards the total page length of your research proposal. For Unit VI, your assignment is to start writing a research proposal.  This process should begin exactly like it sounds – with research.  Your research should help to support your argument, not replace it.  In other words, be prepared to use research within your paragraphs to support the ideas that you present to your reader.  For instance, if you propose buying a new vehicle for your business, then do your research to show why this vehicle is the best choice.  Use facts to show how it will make your employees more productive, how it will make the job easier, and how it will help the company grow that bottom line. This unit requires you to locate four sources and write the heading, purpose, summary, and reference page for the proposal.  Remember to use APA format to cite your content within your work using parenthetical documentation and at the end with reference citations.   If you would like more assistance with writing reference citations, Unit VI Assignment: The company you work for (Logistic and shipping) has decided to make a major purchase. This purchase can be software, technology, equipment, training, or anything else needed for the company’s day-to-day operations. Your supervisor has assigned you the task of creating a research proposal for the company to help guide them in this purchase. Before you begin writing the proposal, do your research, gathering information from at least four different sources. Two of these sources should be located in the CSU Online Library:  2 are uploaded  The remaining two sources can come from the CSU Online Library, or they can be websites, such as the website for the company that sells what you are purchasing. In this unit, your goal is to begin the proposal. In the next unit, you will complete the proposal. For this assignment, submit the first two pages of the proposal, which include the heading information and sections for the purpose and summary.  You can use the example proposal:   This assignment should be at least two pages in length plus a reference page. Be sure to follow all APA guidelines for citing outside sources.

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G5 -1 Greece Guide Part 1Answers 1Bids 1Other questions 10

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GUIDE 5 -1 (Part I)Unit 2                                                                                      Art of Ancient Greece                                          Apollo’s Temple at Delphi      This unit presents an important part of our course for it concerns with the very foundation of the Western civilization. We are going to spend more time in this section and work on two guides devoted to Greek art. Try to learn as much as you can.  Before you open your book, let us define the key term “classical that is being used in several senses.IN HISTORY·         Classical world of Greece and Rome –these two ancient civilizationsdeveloped such high standards and enduring models in art and life that this period in human history was named Classical. The civilizations of Greece and Rome are called classicalThe Greek and Roman cultures are called classicalGreco-Roman art is called classical·         Classicalperiod in Greece – one of the periods in the history of Greece marked by the highest artistic and cultural achievements.We will study it in the next Greek Guide (part 2). IN EVERYDAY LIFEI am sure these applications are better known to you but I want you to realize how they are related to their Greek origins.3.  We use the word ClassicalStyle when we talk about the taste or style based on the principles of clarity, harmony and order – standards that were set by Greek and Roman art.   4.   Finally, the general meaning of classical or classic would be ‘first ranking’,’the best of its kind’, and ‘enduring’.  Thus, a classic carmeans the finest and most renowned brand in the industry.  Am I correct? A dress can be classic as well as.  The Americans also use the word classy as a sort of Argo abbreviation when they talk about people whose demeanor and looks are proper and who hold themselves with dignity. It is not likely that we think about ancient Greeceand Rome when using these words today, is it? Yet, when we call anything classical we pay homage to the high standards of beauty, harmony, and ideal of perfection. And when we compliment someone’s style or demeanor we refer to the ancient Greeks and Romans who claimed the importance of responsibility,duty and integrity prescribed for every good person and citizen. Now let us begin reading about the celebrated civilizations that set the high classical standards for the millennium to come. Set a goal to learn as much as possible. Take advantage of any extracurricular opportunity. Thus, I would encourage you to watch this introductory video. It will be also helpful for the purpose of orientation in this extensive unit. Extra Credit Project:  Sum up 8 minutes of video in 8 statements (1 bonus point)Greek Art History from Goodbye-Art Academy Ancient Greek Art: 8-statement Review Notice that they start with the Classical period and after that go back to the beginning. Reminder: When you hear something that you want to put on paper, simply stop the video. Try a CC feature for subtitles/close captions and see if you findthem helpful (right lower corner).·         …·         .·         .·         .·         .·         .·         .·         . One more thing to keep in mind if you want to be scholarly minded students of history. Thereal story of Greece started earlier – in the Aegean world covered in the previous chapter./Now it is the time to open Chapter 3 CLASSICAL ART: GREECE AND ROME “… the glory that wasGreece …/Complete the well known line by Edgar Allan Poe (on top of page) The preface is so important that we will go though it together and in detail. “No other culture has had as far-reaching influence….(p. 45)      /Name the areas in which Greek influence can be felt in our modern world. *…  ‘Greece has asserted itself time and again over the 3,000 years since its birth'(p. 45)This phrase means that there were several revivals of the Classical style in the Western culture since it had developed 2,500 years ago in the Mediterranean world. You should know three major revivals of Greco-Roman culture. 1.      Renaissance:“During the___century, there was a revival of Greek art and culture…” /Indicate the century/(Renaissance began in Italy in the 1400s)2.      Neo-classical style:“On the eve of French Revolution of 1789…” What source of inspiration the artists turn to? Complete the phrase.You remember, of course, that the word neo means new. 3. Greek Revival style:“Our founders ….     /What our founders looked to when building the new American cities and towns? Next time when you go to Washington, look around to notice that you are surrounded by the Greek and Roman architecture – the National Gallery and other buildings along the Pennsylvania avenuelook exactly like classical temples.  But you do not even go that far – there are many houses with the Greek columns in your own town as well.                                 * * * * * * * * * Describe the historical relationship between Greece and Rome after Greece was conquered and absorbed by Rome. *… Hellenism– *[look up in Glossary] Let me add to this:  Hellenes – This is how the Greeks called themselves (after the mythical ancestorHellen).Hellas – this is how they called Greece.   GREECETo claim that we can get along without …/You are welcome to type yet another wise saying by the 19th century French artist Ingres.  The ideas of HUMANISM  and  DEMOCRACY were the most important contributions of the Greek thought to the Western civilization. The first time in the history the value was put on the individual. Besides these contributions there were another fundamental concepts that were introduced by the Greeks and have been used in European culture ever since. Define these basic concepts.Try to do it in a simple and clear way. Verbalize the notions how you understand them from the text.     ConceptMajor Concern         Define ConceptHUMANISM MAN*  RATIONALISM REASON*  REALISM /NATURALISM REALITY* IDEALISM BEAUTY/PERFECTION*   This section ends with an interesting thought true through the entire history of humankind.“As with many civilizations, the development of Greece…(p. 46)    /Complete Four major periods in the art history of ancient Greece spanned together about 1,000 years:GEOMETRIC period   – BirthARCHAIC period         – MaturationCLASSICAL period     – Perfection (Peak)HELLENISTIC period – Decline   Geometric Period   WHEN/ Dates   WHEN /Century      Historical Landmarks *    9th-8thB.C.First Olympic games held 776 B.C.Homeric epics Iliad and OdysseyPrecursor of the alphabet was createdA several invasions took place Why is this period called Geometric? – *  The Dipylon Vase as an example of the Geometric Style in Greek Art. (8th century B.C.) How did the vase receive its name?  – * What are the decorative motifs?  – * What scene is depicted in the central wider bands?  – *What do they mean when they say that the human figures are renderedin a “conceptual manner” and are “highly abstracted”? Depict how the human figureslook?  –  7th CENTURYB.C.   (700 – 600 B.C) – Aspan between Geometric and Archaic periods. (This period is not in your book)The Greeks undertook the expanded sea travels, visited Egypt and the Near East. This influence could be easily traced in Greek art of the followingArchaic period.For example, when you will be looking at the kouros(soon) see whether this statue of nude youth reminds you the Egyptian statues.  Archaic Period   WHEN/ Dates    WHEN /Century      Historical Landmarks  6th century B.C. This is approximate. But to be exact you would say:  late 7th  – early 5th centuriesB.C.Persian invasions 480 B.C. Burning of Acropolis by the Persians Greece expanded its trade Type in the dates in the left column and make sure you understand why these centuries and why “late 7th” and “early 5th.” I will not ask you this on the exam but take a chance  to practice. Archaic– *…   /What does this word means in Greek and why was it assigned to this particular period? (seeGlossary)   Vase PaintingArchaic period An impressive number of painted vases of various forms came down to us from ancient Greece.I put together a few most common types (not in your book) Kraters– a vessel used for mixingthe traditional Greek drink of wine mixedwithwater.By the way, this is how they would often drink wine in France to this day – diluted with water. There were many types of kraters. Volute krater – received its name because of the handles in form of volutes. Volute – any scroll-like design  Amphora – a type of ceramic vase with two handles and a long neck narrower than the body.Was used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to store and transport olive oil, wine, grain olives, etc.  Lekythos – a vessel forstoring oilNote: it has one handle and narrow neck.Kylix – a wine-drinking cup on a stemTondo- acircularpainted surface (in this case, inside the cup)“As the representations would be covered with wine, the scenes would only be revealed in stages as the wine was drained. They were often designed with this in mind, with scenes created so that they would surprise or titillate the drinker as they were revealed….” (Wikipedia) A couple of interesting facts: “Because the primary use for the kylix was at a symposium- a ‘drinking party’…, they are often decorated with scenes of a humorous, light-hearted, or sexual nature that would only become visible when the cup was drained. The word kylix is from theGreek kulix, ‘cup,’ which is cognate with Latin calix, the source of the English word ‘chalice.’ Image: Greek kylix (inside). Circa 500bc Depicted in the tondo: Dionysus gazing back at his (possibly empty) goblet.   On term vasesThere were a great variety of different types of Greek vessels traditionally called vases.  Thisis not exactly the right term because these ‘vases’ were not used for flowers or house decoration but had various  functions (see terms ‘krater’ and ‘lekythos’). The term came about only in the 18th century when there was a huge “fashion on Greeks”, the collected Greek vessels were used for decorating the palaces’ interiors, and they provided the models for the vase industry.This is why the shape of the vases that you have at home, look so much like the Greek vessels. When you look next time at the modern vase, think about its historical ancestor – Greek amphora that 3,000 years ago was in use in every Greek house for such a basic need as storing oil and wine. We observe the crucial changes in rendering the human figure in art of this period compared to the previous one – Geometric period. Vasewith Women working Wool on a Loom.Greek, c. 540 B.C.          Archaic Period From the Metropolitan Museum of Art[“A Closer Look”on page 48]*… – This type of the vessel was used forstoring oil. (Type name)Observe a beautiful composition, read the text and tell a story about the women weavers of Ancient Greece.·         .                /Type in the bulleted statements/·         .·         .Athenawas the patron goddess of *__(In addition to being one of the major divinities in the Greek Pantheon (ensemble of gods) Penelope – tell a story about this smart woman – a wife of legendary Odysseus.- *  Start reading “Vase Painting” section “During the Geometric period the human figurewas subordinated to decorative motifs, but in the Archaic period it became *­___/Complete/ Francois Vasepainted by Kleitias. Greek, c. 570 B.C.                                    ____ Archaic PeriodWhat type of vessel is it? -*             /Sum up 1st paragraph/ The entire body of the vessel is divided into six wide bands called__ Scenes feature__ Observe the human and animal figures on this vase and compare them to the figures on the Dipylon Vase(from Geometric period).What is new?-* -* Francois Vase.Boar hunting scene (detail)  Black-Figure Vasesof theArchaic periodIt is pretty clear why such a name came about, right?Figures are*… (color)Background is -*… (color)                                      /Read paragraphs 2- 3 and describe technique/Black-figured painting techniqueThree-stage firing process in the kiln:Stage 1:*  Stage 2:*Stage 3:*  Achilles and Ajax playing a dice gamepainted by Exekias. c. 530 bc Detail from an Athenian black-figure amphora Vatican Museums, Rome www.accd.edu/…/arthistory/arts1303/Greek2.htm Red-Figure Vasesof theClassical period The next stage in the history of vase-painting: Figures are *… (color)Background is – *… (color) Woman kneeling before an altar. Kylix by Chairias, ca. 510-500 BC. Ancient Agora Museum in Athens. (Read the very last sentence of theVase Painting section, page 49)*… -wine-drinking cup         /Name/ When this reversal techniquewas invented? – *  Which figures look more realistic – the silhouettes on the black-figure vases or the figures on the red-figured vases? – *  ArchitectureArchaic Period During theArchaic period, the major principles for architecture had been developed that continued to exist throughout ancient Greece as well as throughout the entire history of Western civilization./Sum up first paragraph/ Temple architecture      Megaron- *___ Cellain Greek temple is*___The overall shape of the temple was*___ (Model) GREEK ARCHITECTURAL ORDERSFor all unknown terms look in the Glossary at the end of your handbook and write down the definitions. This is a “must know” vocabulary. Three orders (or styles) in Greek architecture:***Doric order was             [Describe]*……*….*…. Ionic order has a capitalmade of scroll-shapedvolutes and….  **  Corinthian order:*  most complex base, *  capitalis made of carved acanthus leaves ending in volutes.  Whose favorite order was it? *[You will also see a lot of it in the American architecture] Capital of Corinthian column  Note:  it is the shape of capital that allows you to identify the orderTry to find a building built in the Classical style in your own town.  My guess would be that it is bank or court house.          ARCHITECTURAL ORDER Define architectural terms.  (Look up in Glossaryat the end of the book). Example:  Pediment – any triangularspace surrounded by cornices.  entablature Cornice- *                                                                                                                                  Frieze- *  Architrave- * Entablature- * cornice + frieze + architravealtogether make entablature  Capital  (head of the column)- *    Shaft- *.     Stylobate- *. Stereobate- *. /Look in the book for these twoelements/ /  SCULPTURE Archaic period’In the Archaic period, sculpture emerged as a principal art form.’  *  /What changed?/  Fallen Warriorfrom the temple at Aegina. C. 500 B.C.                         Which part of the temple was decorated by this sculpture?  – *  Stylization – By this moment you are supposed to come across this word thatyou have already met in the previous chapter.You should remember that this term is also related to theterms “conceptual’ (e.g., manner) and “conventional'(e.g., representation”). What do these terms mean? Use the sculpture ofFallen Warrior from the temple at Aeginaasan example of stylization.  Explain how you understand it.* Which part of the figure, do you think, is done more realistically – his body or head?*    The conventions are most obvious in the sculpting of the “mask-like” face. Describe them.* *    Notice a strange smile on his face(not exactly adequate for a dying man). It is called an “archaic smile”. You will come across this new term on the next page. Here we deal again with a conventional approach (not a naturalistic one).         Free-Standing Sculpture began to appear about* _KourosWhat type of statues received this name? –    */Who is depicted?What was its possible purpose? – *    Stylistic characteristics of kouros:Shape of the body – *   Fists are * Position of legs –  *  The parts of anatomy are *   “Kneecaps and muscles – *   Hair – *   What about the facial expression? -*  Archaic Smile- *  /Find the term in Glossary/This facial expression is better seen on Kore. There are several theories explaining the possible meaning of this somewhat mysterious smile.One of them asserts that the sculptors tried to give more live to the human face.There is yet another hypothesis– it suggests thatthe Greek sculptors intended to pass the state of being blessed and/or these figures could be the representations of gods.  As for the warrior’s smile, there might be some explanation found in the code of brave behavior, ability to endure physical suffering and value of personal honor by which the Greek men had been raised.  Kore What is different about Kore – a female counterpart of Kouros? – *  What was the material that theses statues were made of? – *Do they look the same way today as they looked 3,000 years ago? -*     TERMSPeplos – *  Encaustic- *       /Read about this unusual and very durable kind of paintin the glossary / “The Greeks made their gods into men and their men into gods”   (page 52)Indeed, the Greeks pictured their gods very much as human beings. Remember this when you look at the Greek statues and read the myths. At the same time, the humans depicted as perfect beings – the beautiful idealized figures.   When and how did the Archaic period end?  Make brief historical notes of the last paragraph.·          ·          ·           Naxos IslandIn conclusion of Greek Guide 5-1 Major artistic achievements of Archaic ArtVase painting      Black-Figure painting Red-Figured painting (developed at the end of Archaic period) Sculpture Kourosand Kore – Free-standing, life-size sculpture ArchitectureNew architectural format of temple Architectural Order- an architectural style Three orders: Doric, Ionic, Corinthian  Next Guide will continue the Greek theme -it will be devoted to the next two periods – Classical and Hellenistic. Take the Greek QUIZ (# 4) only after completion of both Greek guides.

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Your assignment must answer the questions poised at the end of the scenario and written in APA format using a 12-point font.  CRJ 550Legal Issues in Criminal Justice Administration DRNC Scenario Background The following story is a fictional account of planning and preparation leading up to the mythical Democratic-Republican National Convention (DRNC) event in Miami, Florida.The story is loosely based on an amalgamation of real life occurrences in the lead up to the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Conference in Miami, Florida in 2003.The names of all the characters in the story are fictional. As you read the story, keep in mind what ethical and legal issues are likely to arise.At the end of the story, you will be asked to respond to several questions related to this scenario.For the DRNC event, Miami-Dade has formed a Host Committee, similar to the model used for the Super Bowl Host Committees of the past.The Host Committee is a small group of 15 appointed personnel from various county and municipal agencies, as well as the private sector.Miami-Dade Police Department Director Melanie Duncan is one of the committee members.The Host Committee is chaired by Mr. Horace Copeland, a long-time assistant to the County Manager, Miguel Herrera.The purpose of the Host Committee is to plan for the overall event.As such, they are responsible for recommending policy, but not for enacting policy.The enactment of policy remains the ultimate responsibility of the Board of County Commissioners (BOCC).The Democratic-Republican National Party (DRNP) has designated Ms. Cassandra Armand as its chair of the DRNC’s Committee on Arrangements (COA).The COA is the main organizer from the DRNP for this event.Ms. Armand and Mr. Copeland from the Host Committee work hand-in-hand to plan this event and their recommendations to the BOCC carry considerable weight for policy formulation.Miami-Dade Police has been designated as the lead local agency and lead operational planner for the event security.This policy differs significantly from the 2003 FTAA in which the City of Miami was designated as the lead local agency.Since this event meets the criteria of a National Special Security Event (NSSE), the U.S. Secret Service has been designated as the lead coordinating agency with overarching statutory authority for the planning and execution of the event.Supervisory Special Agent Samantha Salerno has been appointed as the lead agent in-charge for the event.So far a few major planning decisions have been made.The American Airlines Arena in Downtown Miami has been selected as the location for the main event of the convention.Because of its proximity to the entrance to the Port of Miami, the selection of this arena poses some challenges regarding the balance between buffer zone security and the normal, day-to-day business of the Port, which includes cargo traffic, as well as cruise ship passenger traffic.Moreover, the local merchants of the adjacent stores in the Bayside Marketplace will also be affected by the week-long event.The high likelihood of protestors demonstrating at the event adds another significant factor to the policy planning process. Organization charts of the Host Committee and the Security Subcommittee are provided for your reference. Case Study – Meeting of the DRNC Host Committee’s Security Subcommittee The DRNC was only two months away and the pace of the planning activities leading up to it had increased noticeably.The Security Subcommittee chaired by Assistant Special Agent in-Charge (ASAC) Samantha Salerno, had been meeting on a monthly basis for the past nine months, but was now going to start meeting every two weeks as the start of the event was getting closer.This day’s meeting was being held at the Miami-Dade Police Department headquarters building and was hosted by committee member Melanie Duncan, the Director of the MDPD.ASAC Salerno was out of town for a meeting and was unable to attend.The meeting started promptly at 9 a.m. with a welcome from Director Duncan.None of the perfunctory introductions were necessary since most of the attendees present knew each other from the previous subcommittee meetings.However, this time Major Louis Warren brought two of his Task Force and Mobile Field Force Commanders with him, who had not attended this particular group’s meetings before.Warren introduced Captain Earl Bishop (Commander of Task Force 5) and Lieutenant Fred Hayes (Commander of “Juliet” Mobile Field Force).The first order of business had to do with the subcommittee’s consideration to the granting of permits regarding several different requests for rallies and parades in the proximity of the DRNC main venues.At the subcommittee’s previous meeting two weeks ago, the organization Root Cause had been granted a permit for a parade route through Downtown Miami on the third day of the DRNC event.That parade permit had been granted after considerable discussion and compromise between the parade organizers and City of Miami and Miami-Dade County officials.The agreed upon parade route would not come any nearer than two city blocks to either the American Airlines Arena (the main venue of the convention) or the Intercontinental Hotel (where many of the delegates and their families would be staying).In addition to that planned parade, the Security Subcommittee had also agreed to issue a permit for a rally by the AFL-CIO and the Teamsters trade unions at the nearby Bayfront Park Amphitheater on that same day.There were two other permit requests pending the Subcommittee’s review and recommendation.One was by the organization Amnesty International to stage a protest at the Torch of Friendship in front of the Bayfront Park Amphitheater, also on the third day of the event.Lastly, the organization Greenpeace had issued a statement of intent, but had not officially filed for a permit to conduct a protest at the Bayside Shopping Mall, adjacent to the Amphitheater.Major Warren turned to Captain Bishop and asked him for his opinion on the possible Greenpeace protest at Bayside.Bishop said, “I would strongly recommend that no permit be issued to Greenpeace if it is requested, and that they not be allowed to protest at Bayside.A protest of any type… by any group at Bayside would be way too close to the arena (American Airlines Arena) and could spillover onto the roadway that leads into the Port of Miami.That would lead to a major congestion at a critical choke point, and would in effect close down the Port.”Major Warren chimed in, “I agree with Earl… I think it would be a huge mistake to let this group so close to the main venue and to a critical infrastructure site such as the Port of Miami.We need to make sure that we keep that bottleneck open the entire week of the convention.”Captain Bishop added, “not only that Major… but at the Amphitheater for the AFL-CIO/Teamsters rally, we’ll be able to restrict backpacks from coming into the venue… but we won’t be able to do that at Bayside.It’s public shopping area, and legally we would have some problems with pat-down searches of backpacks.The protestors could sneak in all kinds of tools and weapons that can be used against us.We would be almost powerless to stop them.I strongly recommend that we do not issue any permits to demonstrate at Bayside for this and other reasons.”“Louis, where have you designated the ‘First Amendment Zones’?” asked Director Duncan.Major Warren responded, “the main First Amendment Zone is located just north of the arena, at Bicentennial Park.That’s the ideal place for it because it’s close to the main venue… it’s within line-of-sight… while at the same time, there’s a natural 200 foot wide cut-in harbor that provides a buffer of deep water in between the protestors and the delegates inside the Arena.We’ll have our Marine Patrol Unit and the Coast Guard sitting in between to make sure nobody tries to swim across.It’s perfect.”Warren continued, “the second First Amendment Zone is in front of the Torch of Friendship… where Amnesty International plans to protest. That’s where they intended to be back in 2003 for the FTAA, but if I recall correctly, only one guy showed up, and he kind of got swept up into the bigger crows that day.”“OK, thank you both.That sounds like a plan.I’ll take your recommendations to the full committee next week.Now, the next order of business has to do with several proposed expenditures,” said Director Duncan.Louis, I understand that you have a report for us?”“Yes… I’ll let Lieutenant Hayes speak to that. He’s been overseeing our logistics and supply efforts.Go ahead Fred… you’ve got the floor.”Lieutenant Hayes reported, “right now we’re in pretty good shape.We still have a lot of our CUT team tools left over from the FTAA in 2003, so we really don’t need to purchase any new items in that regard.That will save us over $70,000… so that’s the good news.”“How are we on Pepperball and other less-lethal munitions?” asked Major Warren.Hayes continued, “we’re good with Pepperball and OC spray… as you know, neither us nor the City are using SuperSock anymore… ever since that guy lost his eye during the FTAA.We’re all set with munitions, ballistic helmets, shields, and fire-retardant uniforms.The only new expense that we’re recommending right now it the purchase of two LRADs… Long Range Acoustic Devices.”Warren interrupted, “Fred, why don’t you briefly explain what an LRAD is, and how we plan to use it for the DRNC?”Hayes went on, “The Long Range Acoustic Device is basically a sound magnifier.Some of you in this room may recall that we had two on loan during the FTAA in 2003, but we never used them… unfortunately.I say unfortunately because we could have avoided a lot of criticism from the ACLU, the Independent Review Panel Report, and others had we been able to transmit our dispersal orders loud and clear to the protestors.Had the LRAD representative not gone home a day early and taken his two machines with him, we probably could have avoided a couple of lawsuits too.One of the biggest criticisms that we faced after the FTAA was that no one in the crowd heard the dispersal order broadcast by the on-scene captain from a standard megaphone.”Director Robert Waters from the Miami-Dade Fire Rescue Department (MDFRD), who was also present at the subcommittee meeting interrupted, “I thought the LRADs were a pain compliance tool.Aren’t they supposed to cause pain and discomfort to the protestors in order to get them to disperse?I heard that NYPD had used them to disperse some of the Occupy Wall Street protestors… and that there were some complaints of hearing loss.”“Yes sir,” answered Lieutenant Hayes.“When set at a very high setting, the LRAD can cause considerable pain and discomfort to anyone standing within its cone of sound… It is a dual use tool… it can be used like a super clear and powerful megaphone to project orders and instructions, but it can also be used as a pain compliance tool to encourage protestors to disperse.”“So you’re saying this LRAD thing is both a megaphone and a less-than-lethal weapon?” asked Director Waters.Hayes responded, “yes, in a way it is, but the company that sells them does not consider them to be a less-lethal weapon… it doesn’t rise to that level… at least according to them.”“Maybe so…” countered Director Waters,“but I’m concerned that in fixing one problem, we may be creating another one.I’m concerned about lawsuits from protestors claiming that the LRADs caused harm to their hearing… or even harm to our own officers for that matter.How can we make sure that the sound waves projected by the LRADs don’t hurt peoples’ hearing… protestors or frontline officers alike?”“Rob, you bring up some good questions,” Director Duncan interjected.“I think we need some more information on these LRADs before we can commit to buying two of them as Major Warren has recommended.I think we need to table this discussion for now until we research this more extensively.”“Director…” Major Warren broke in.“We only have a couple of months, and we’ll need to move fast on this decision.You know how slow the County procurement process can be… Besides, we’ll need a few weeks to take it out and field test it, and then train a few field force officers on how to use them.”Director Duncan replied, “well then Major… it sounds like you and your staff have a lot of work to do in a short period of time.Don’t worry about the procurement process…. Leave that up to me.If we decide to follow your recommendation for the purchase of two LRADs, we’ll get it done… but I need to know sooner, rather than later.”“Yes ma’am… we’ll report to you our findings before the next meeting two weeks from now” replied Major Warren.Shortly thereafter, the meeting concluded.The next meeting of the Security Subcommittee is scheduled for the same time, two weeks from this date.  Assignment InstructionsConsider the following questions associated with this story.You are to write an essay not to exceed 1,500 words that analyzes the legal and ethical ramifications of this case. Identify and analyze potential legal claims of a private citizen seriously injured by the use of the LRAD’s if the decision is made by the Sub-Committee to purchase them after relying solely on the manufacturer’s claims and instructions as to their use. Assume there was insufficient time to test the device and train officers in their use before the Convention. Assume that the Sub-Committee concluded that the value of the LRAD’s use in crowd control outweighed any risk of harm caused by their use.Discuss the potential liability of the individual officer using the device, the potential liability of the officer’s supervisor (in this case, Duncan) and the potential liability of Chairperson Selerno.Finally, what is your recommendation to Chairperson Salerno regarding this issue?  Identify and analyze any legal claims that might be triggered if the Sub-Committee decides to deny permission to Amnesty International to stage a protest at the Torch of Friendship which has been identified as the second First Amendment Zone. As a result of your analysis, what recommendation(s) would you make to Chairperson Salerno regarding the request?  Identify and analyze any legal claims that might arise if the Committee grants a permit to Greenpeace to conduct a protest at the shopping mall. If the permit is granted, can police lawfully conduct pat-downs and search bags of anyone in the area?Present the arguments for and against.As a result of your analysis, what recommendation(s) would you make to Chairperson Salerno regarding this permit request?  Resources:PowerPoint Organizational Charts for the DRNC Host Committee and Subcommittees found in DocSharing    Zoom OutZoom InFit to Width[removed] [removed] [removed] [removed] /5View as PageView as TextDownloadToggle Fullscreen

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Please read first because this Assignment is for correction. Please, read through the corrections before sending me messages. Because, if you don’t I will not response to your messages. Also, I will attached two more articles for whoever I choose to help me with this assignment. In addition, please, remove the introduction, and also attach a sample of a “Needs Assessment”      Topic Needs Assessment Title: HIV among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men         Section 1: Background InformationAll of this is opinion and needs to come out.Sex is seemingly as old as the world is. However, sex among men, and especially young men having sex with men has not always been in the books of history. This is arguably one of the latest practices, although some sources have claims of sex among men after the antediluvian period. While sex has positive effects such as procreation, there are some negative effects which include contraction of deadly sexually transmitted diseases. One such disease is HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS is an acronym for Human ImmunoDefiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome not capitalized. Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015) shows that while over one million people aged above 13 years of age were living with the disease in the US by the year 2014, with an average of 40,000 new infections are recorded each year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015) when you use the word while…it indicates as opposite statement coming..and that is not what this sentence did. The high number of people who are ignorant about their HIV status and those who purposely choose to ignore it has continued to increase the risk levels for other uninfected people in the world, among them being young men who have sex with men isn’t it possible that they are one of the above?. In this areas and/or introduction…you should be discussing morbidity, mortality,….you need to highlight incidence is higher in this group than in othersIntroductionThe issue of young men having sex with other men has continued to be a thorny issue for a number of years, dividing the society between those who support this practice and those who oppose it. Supporters of young men having sex with other men argue that people have a right to decide their sexual orientation and preferences without undue pressure from external forces. However, those who oppose this practice argue that it emanated from social decay and as such should not be supported. One common point of agreement between these two camps is that the practice of young men having sex with men is risk and has the capability to cause grave danger to these men. opinionAlthough sex even among heterosexual could turn out to be risk and a cause of contraction of dangerous sexually transmitted diseases and infections, the risk of contraction of such health complications is doubly higher among young men who have sex with other men. <make this more succinct so that it moves into the risk factors.There are several reasons that contribute to this increased risk level which includes lack of health education, lack of safe and effective delivery of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), homelessness, and poverty.   Risk Factors:            Lack of health education is where lower pay and fewer assets imply that individuals with less instruction will probably live in low-wage neighborhoods that do not have the assets for good education wellbeing lack of health education has nothing to do with poverty? Lack of education might?  Also you cannot say will probably…you need to state a fact and support it with evidence from your reading.  I am not sure there is “evidence” that lack of health education puts this group more at risk than other groups.. For example, most young men of color who do have sex with men are high school dropouts, from low wage homes (Dawn et al, 2012). [Just made this correction citation?] Where did you get this fact?<this is supporting poverty, lack of employment, lack of education…not lack of health education?, and see it as a means of survival with good knowledge or education of the end result. HIV/AIDS is an acronym for Human ImmunoDefiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. This is one of the deadliest sexually transmitted diseases which acts by weakening a patient’s immune system to a point where it cannot fight even the weakest virus or bacterial infection. As a result, the victim falls prey to any infection that comes their way, often referred to as opportunistic disease that in most of the HIV cases result to the death of the victim. Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) seem to worst hit by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, seeing that in the year 2009, the vast majority of new infections, up to 64% of the infections, were recorded among the people in this group (Dawn et al, 2012). While there are many ways of preventing contraction of the disease or even boosting the immune response in order to suppress the effects of the viral disease, the causes and risk factors associated with this disease are overwhelmingly numerous as will be discussed below. <this should not be here…the only thing you should have in this section of your paper is the discussion of the risk factors you ID above.    Also…eliminate terms like victim, prey…this needs to be factual, not opinionated or editorialized.Lack of safe and effective delivery of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to the young men who have sex with men is one of the problematic issues facing the young men who have sex with other men. Being a high risk practice, these young men who have sex with other men need to adhere to the effective and proper use of preventive drugs in order to keep them safe from contracting some sexually transmitted diseases. In as much as the government realizes this, there are no proven? effective strategies to ensure that these people access and use their medications I think there is?. One thing that should be appreciated is that while the medications may not be accessible to all, they are sometimes provided free of charge or at subsidized prices in most of the facilities where they are available. Some of the facilities, however, are located in places where they are unreachable. Some regions have just a few medical facilities reword, a factor that to a very large extent denies YMSM access to the medications. It seemingly does not make sense to many people who are in eminent danger of HIV infection the reason why they should travel for long, distance, to access drugs they are not even sure they might require, since some are ignorant about the danger they are exposed to. Therefore, the distance between the people and the facilities where they can access the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis makes the delivery method ineffective. There are some other issues that make access difficult…they are very important.In other places where the medical facilities that provide the supplement and medications are often situated at inconvenient locations. The inconvenience of these places could be in terms of their openness that makes the people in danger feel embarrassed to access them, or too hidden that they can hardly be found.this needs rewording…this is all true, but needs to be stated more clearly and more directly related to access. When such facilities are located at inconvenient places, access to antiretroviral medications and other prophylaxis drugs is not effective, compounding the already delicate situation among the young men who have sex with other men. There are many other reasons why sometimes the young men that have sex with other men may not be able to access preventive medication, a factor which puts them at greater risk of easily contracting sexually transmitted diseases. It is quite alarming to notice that the number of new infections among young men who have sex with men increased to a whopping <use objective terminiology/prose 48% in the 4-year period between 2006 and 2009, most of these men being in their early and late teen years(Dawn et al, 2012). Poverty is a high-risk factor for young men who have sex with men. Poverty denies the young men and opportunity to secure a health insuranceisn’t health insurance an accessibility issue? Poor people can get medicaid???? cover in order to make them access proper medical assistance to help prevent infection with HIV, or manage the disease once infected. As reported by Dawn K. Smith and his colleagues (year), increasing cost of medication has the potential to hinder people from being willing to pay for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis drugs. In the study, most participants felt that a price above $50 for the drugs within one month would hinder them from having the willingness to buy the drugs. Even then, some of the participants felt that there is need for a further price reduction in order to ensure the drugs are accessible to most people. Poverty further makes the young men become subject to sexual manipulation by other people in exchange for a few financial favors, exposing them to great risk of infection (Abara et al, 2017). Your risk factors include homelessness (which should be discussed before poverty…and then there are no other factors listed above…so there should not be any risk factors discussed after poverty.  If it is a risk factor you are addressing…put it above…if not….take the rest of this out.High drop-out rate from high schoolnot listed above? is one of the most notorious risk factors for young men who have sex with men. Dropping out of schools could be caused by several factors such as lack of money to pay for school services, peer pressure, lack of motivation due to constant failure or even poverty<t. Whatever the reason, dropping out of school exposes a young man to a life of joblessness, in that they have nothing to keep their minds occupied. As a result, the excessive free time and the urge to make quick money act as catalysts for these men to consider engaging in risky sexual behaviors<rephrase more succinctly. Irresponsiblevalue laden?  sexual activities such as these do not often have enough time to consider evaluating the consequences of the actions taken, as a result, the drop out continually engages in risky sexual behavior such as bare backing or failure to adhere to the use of antiretroviral drugs<this is important, but it is not related to high school drop outs., a move that puts them in grave danger of contracting not only one strain of HIV but several strains as they progress with the activities. In addition, most drops out are closely linked to local gangsnot listed as a risk factor—I didn’t read this section. who view irresponsible living as their emblem to gain the feeling of social equality. As a result, members of such a gang will be doubly exposed to the infection of HIV through irresponsible sexual behaviors more than those who are still in school and not members of such gangs. Missing out on school also exposes the young men to the danger of contracting HIV since they alienate themselves from accessing school-based HIV prevention facilities which would have been of great help to them had they remained in school.Homeless out of order youth are more exposed to risky sexual behaviors that expose them to infection with HIV. Being homeless, these people are hardly ever located at a constant place, hence they might have difficulty locating the nearest health center where they can access medical assistance whenever they need the assistance (Abara et al, 2017). In addition, being homeless exposes the young men who have sex with men to sexual predators who will stop at nothing short of harassing the vulnerable young men for sexual desires. When this happens, an act that would arguably be considered as rape, these young men may be exposed to grave danger such as infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, the trauma associated with such a forceful action may inhibit the young men from speaking up and thus accessing medical assistance. Homeless youths are also exposed to dangers of HIV because of the fact that they have no specific place to sleep hence may be forced to go to any extent, even having sex with people they do not know just so that they can have a place to sleep. The high level of desperation exposes the young men to manipulation by other irresponsible people. Get rid of value laden speech and make more succinct and pointed.High unemployment did not read..not listed above rate is another risk factor that has continued to inhibit the successful taming of the spread and management of HIV among young men who have sex with other men. During the study of the attitudes and program preferences of African-American urban young adults about Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), the researchers found that among the teens boys who had sex with other men mainly in regions with high risk levels, only a few were covered by a private insurance cover, and while more were covered by a public health insurance cover, some of them were still not covered by any. The main reason why these young men were unable to access medical help was because they simply could not afford it (Dawn et al, 2012). Being unemployed and thus with scarce monetary resources, the little money that the young men is directed to better uses, some of which are physically more pressing that a scare about a disease whose manifestations the victims cannot see. Unemployment and thus lack of money did not only hinder the young men from securing a health insurance, but also from accessing medical facilities to receive treatment. Traveling to medical facilities far from one’s location was difficult since it requires one to have enough money to cater for traveling and even food during the travel. This monetary demand hit the unemployed youths very hard that they opted to ignore the amount of risk they were exposed to.The HIV pandemic is continuing to devourWC is not objective thousands by the day, and if it is not tamed any time soon, there is a possibility that even more young men, especially those who have sex with men will fall prey to the disease. There is need for all concerned stakeholders to come up and develop strategies and programs that address this public health issues.  that will be of great help in helping the young men who have sex with other men to come out of the danger zone. Other successful programs at YMSMThe program that has managed content analysis of the YMSM breakout and preventions sessions involved the dictation and coding of verbal and written manuscript verbatim into categorical thematic units. Once the text is write down and categorically implied, the constant comparison method is utilized to document similarities and dissimilarities in the text and themes that emerged through content analyses of the breakout and prevention discussion sessions<this makes no sense in relation to programming…do you know what this means? What is the citation?. The constant comparison method also captured patterns and prominent themes that emerged from the merging of transcribed YMSM text and dissection of transcribed YMSM text into thematic units. Following the constant comparison of thematic units, several memos are created to summarize the results of the breakout session discussions’ categorical thematic units. Finally, the triangulation was performed through the simultaneous analysis of the categorized thematic units, DVD-recorded summary of the breakout and prevention discussion, and other sources of data (Isbell, MT., 2010)This programs include information about partner reduction, gauging one’s own predisposition, the relative risk of specific behaviors (e.g., anal sex vs. oral sex), and other ways to reduce HIV risk beyond abstinence and condom use. Recent studies show the promise of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for preventing HIV infection, but research efforts suffer from disproportionately low representation of the youth who are most at risk. Youth-focused research is critical and should include behavioral, community, and biomedical interventions to create a comprehensive HIV prevention package.Not clear…either get this re-worded to describe the program more clearly or eliminate it.Section 2: Purpose of the GrantThe purpose of this program is to increase the percentage of YMSM of color and YTG persons of color with diagnosed HIV infection who are virally suppressed, reduce HIV incidence among YMSM of color and YTG persons of color, reduce the death rate among YMSM of color and YTG persons of color with diagnosed HIV infection, and reduce HIV-related disparities in incidence, morbidity, and viral suppression among YMSM of color and YTG persons of color (CDC,2016).Section 3: ResourcesMost of the assets spent keeping up with the brilliant educators required by the FOA PS17-1704. This program is to strengthen the capacity of funded health departments and their collaborative partners (e.g., community-based organizations, clinics, behavioral health and social services providers, patient navigators, and others that interface with MSM of color) to plan, implement, and sustain (through ongoing engagement, assessment, linkage, and retention) comprehensive prevention, care, behavioral health, and social services models for MSM of color at risk for and living with HIV infection as supported. Grantees are likewise constrained in the utilization of system dollars (topped at 48%) to cover a large number of managerial expenses (CDC, 2016). These costs, which are generally on the ascent, include: Resources needed to make this program effective includeØ  Education – Lack of health education Ø  Engagement – PovertyØ  Health Insurance- Lack of safe and effective delivery of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP),Ø  Organization-Includes homeless This doesn’t make sense to me—what resources do you need?  Are you planning to buy health insurance for people / is that allowed in this grant? You need to tell me what you need (people, things)…..this is too vague for me to comment. Section 4: SummaryThis should be a summary of your paper…explain the problem, morbidity, mortality, incidence, prevalence-in 2-3 sentences.  ID the risk factors, make a statement about programming.       There is different in accomplishment between young men of color who do have sex with men with HIV positive and of those who are negative but still engage in act. Morbidity in the metropolitan statistical areas with 48% Black and/or Hispanic YMSM living with diagnosed HIV (CDC, 2016)NS not a sentence. Will be focused on MSAs is likely to targeted areas where most YMSM are accessible. Threshold of 48% Black and/or Hispanic YMSM ensures that the participant pool is large enough to have a robust demonstration of the comprehensive prevention and care service models. The mortality rates as reported in the State Progress Report and that have 24% Black and/or Hispanic YMSM living with diagnosed HIV in a specified MSA (CDC, 2016).        The study shows that relatively small change will have a major positive impact on the epidemic. Several areas with heavy HIV burdens will see needed increases in prevention funding, including many states and several major cities. While other areas will see decreases, CDC is taking steps to minimize disruptions due to shifts in funding. The new method for allocating resources incorporates a minimum funding level, to ensure that all jurisdictions, regardless of HIV burden, can continue to provide basic HIV prevention services. Funding shifts for all jurisdictions both increases and decreases will be phased in over five years, to allow health departments time to adjust strategies and infrastructure as necessary what you have here doesn’t summarize your paper..   ReferencesAbara, W., Hess, K., Neblett Fanfair, R., Bernstein, K., & Paz-Bailey, G. (2017).   Syphilis Trends among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States and   Western Europe: A Systematic Review of Trend Studies Published between 2004         and 2015.        This is a journal? ???? if this were a book it would have a publisher, if it were a journal…it would have a title?            http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/metrics?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0159309    #cited HeaderDawn, K. Smith., Toledo, L., Jo Smith, D., Anne Adams, M., & Rothenberg, R. (2012). Attitudes and program preferences of African-American urban young adults about pre-exposure prophylaxis (prep) (1st ed.). Atlanta: The Guilford Press.Experiences of community and parental violence among HIV-positive young racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men: AIDS Care: Vol 26, No 7. (2017). There is something wrong withthis…you have it listed as a 1st edition book and as an article in AIDS Care????    http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09540121.2013.861571 Kuhns, L. M., Birkett, M., Mustanski, B., Muth, S. Q., Latkin, C., Ortiz-Estes, I., & Garofalo, R. (2015). Methods for collection of participant-aided sociograms for the study of social, sexual and substance-using networks among young men who have sex with men. Connections what is the #?(02261766), 35(1), 37-50.                          http://insna.org/connections/v35/v35_1.htmlIsbell, MT., HIV Prevention for gay men and men who have sex with men.Development of a Comprehensive Policy Agenda. AmfAR and Trust for America’s Health, 2010.http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/547-hivstd-prevention-and-young-men-who-have-sex-with-men

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