“Autism and developmental,” 2008

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Many high school students take the AP tests in different subject areas. In 2007, of the 144,796 students who took the biology exam 84,199 of them were female. In that same year, of the 211,693 students who took the calculus AB exam 102,598 of them were female (“AP exam scores,” 2013). Estimate the difference in the proportion of female students taking the biology exam and female students taking the calculus AB exam using a 90% confidence level.
9.1.5
Are there more children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in states that have larger urban areas over states that are mostly rural? In the state of Pennsylvania, a fairly urban state, there are 245 eight year olds diagnosed with ASD out of 18,440 eight year olds evaluated. In the state of Utah, a fairly rural state, there are 45 eight year olds diagnosed with ASD out of 2,123 eight year olds evaluated (“Autism and developmental,” 2008). Is there enough evidence to show that the proportion of children diagnosed with ASD in Pennsylvania is more than the proportion in Utah? Test at the 1% level.
9.2.3
All Fresh Seafood is a wholesale fish company based on the east coast of the U.S. Catalina Offshore Products is a wholesale fish company based on the west coast of the U.S. Table #9.2.5 contains prices from both companies for specific fish types (“Seafood online,” 2013) (“Buy sushi grade,” 2013). Do the data provide enough evidence to show that a west coast fish wholesaler is more expensive than an east coast wholesaler? Test at the 5% level.
Table #9.2.5: Wholesale Prices of Fish in Dollars

Fish All Fresh Seafood Prices Catalina Offshore Products Prices
Cod 19.99 17.99
Tilapi 6.00 13.99
Farmed Salmon 19.99 22.99
Organic Salmon 24.99 24.99
Grouper Fillet 29.99 19.99
Tuna 28.99 31.99
Swordfish 23.99 23.99
Sea Bass 32.99 23.99
Striped Bass 29.99 14.99

9.2.6
The British Department of Transportation studied to see if people avoid driving on Friday the 13th. They did a traffic count on a Friday and then again on a Friday the 13th at the same two locations (“Friday the 13th,” 2013). The data for each location on the two different dates is in table #9.2.6. Estimate the mean difference in traffic count between the 6th and the 13th using a 90% level.
Table #9.2.6: Traffic Count
Dates 6th 13th
1990, July 139246 138548
1990, July 134012 132908
1991, September 137055 136018
1991, September 133732 131843
1991, December 123552 121641
1991, December 121139 118723
1992, March 128293 125532
1992, March 124631 120249
1992, November 124609 122770
1992, November 117584 117263

9.3.1
The income of males in each state of the United States, including the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, are given in table #9.3.3, and the income of females is given in table #9.3.4 (“Median income of,” 2013). Is there enough evidence to show that the mean income of males is more than of females? Test at the 1% level.

Table #9.3.3: Data of Income for Males
$42,951 $52,379 $42,544 $37,488 $49,281 $50,987 $60,705
$50,411 $66,760 $40,951 $43,902 $45,494 $41,528 $50,746
$45,183 $43,624 $43,993 $41,612 $46,313 $43,944 $56,708
$60,264 $50,053 $50,580 $40,202 $43,146 $41,635 $42,182
$41,803 $53,033 $60,568 $41,037 $50,388 $41,950 $44,660
$46,176 $41,420 $45,976 $47,956 $22,529 $48,842 $41,464
$40,285 $41,309 $43,160 $47,573 $44,057 $52,805 $53,046
$42,125 $46,214 $51,630

Table #9.3.4: Data of Income for Females
$31,862 $40,550 $36,048 $30,752 $41,817 $40,236 $47,476 $40,500
$60,332 $33,823 $35,438 $37,242 $31,238 $39,150 $34,023 $33,745
$33,269 $32,684 $31,844 $34,599 $48,748 $46,185 $36,931 $40,416
$29,548 $33,865 $31,067 $33,424 $35,484 $41,021 $47,155 $32,316
$42,113 $33,459 $32,462 $35,746 $31,274 $36,027 $37,089 $22,117
$41,412 $31,330 $31,329 $33,184 $35,301 $32,843 $38,177 $40,969
$40,993 $29,688 $35,890 $34,381

9.3.3
A study was conducted that measured the total brain volume (TBV) (in ) of patients that had schizophrenia and patients that are considered normal. Table #9.3.5 contains the TBV of the normal patients and table #9.3.6 contains the TBV of schizophrenia patients (“SOCR data oct2009,” 2013). Is there enough evidence to show that the patients with schizophrenia have less TBV on average than a patient that is considered normal? Test at the 10% level.

Table #9.3.5: Total Brain Volume (in ) of Normal Patients
1663407 1583940 1299470 1535137 1431890 1578698
1453510 1650348 1288971 1366346 1326402 1503005
1474790 1317156 1441045 1463498 1650207 1523045
1441636 1432033 1420416 1480171 1360810 1410213
1574808 1502702 1203344 1319737 1688990 1292641
1512571 1635918

Table #9.3.6: Total Brain Volume (in ) of Schizophrenia Patients
1331777 1487886 1066075 1297327 1499983 1861991
1368378 1476891 1443775 1337827 1658258 1588132
1690182 1569413 1177002 1387893 1483763 1688950
1563593 1317885 1420249 1363859 1238979 1286638
1325525 1588573 1476254 1648209 1354054 1354649
1636119

9.3.4
A study was conducted that measured the total brain volume (TBV) (in ) of patients that had schizophrenia and patients that are considered normal. Table #9.3.5 contains the TBV of the normal patients and table #9.3.6 contains the TBV of schizophrenia patients (“SOCR data oct2009,” 2013). Compute a 90% confidence interval for the difference in TBV of normal patients and patients with Schizophrenia.

Sample Solution

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Internet search engine providers

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Internet search engine providers like Google and Microsoft keep track of all the searches. The data is shared with federal government. Discuss the ethical and legal ramifications of privacy pertaining to searches.

Be sure to post an initial, substantive response by Thursday at 11:59 p.m. MST and respond to two or more peers with substantive responses by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. MST. A substantive initial post answers the question presented completely and/or asks a thoughtful question pertaining to the topic. Substantive peer responses ask a thoughtful question pertaining to the topic and/or answer a question (in detail) posted by another student or the instructor.

Sample Solution

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Community policing strategies

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Compare community policing strategies with other drug control strategies from law enforcement.
Based upon your required reading and any outside research, is one strategy more effective than the others? Why do you think so? provide at lease two references.

Sample Solution

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Human Diseases and the Microbium

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We have heard so many claims being made about how manipulating the human gut microbiome can improve our health, treat disease, etc. It can be overwhelming. In this essay assignment, you will focus on one particular disease or condition, and then examine both the claims and the research that is being done on the gut microbiome and this health concern. This essay will allow you to utilize the analytical thinking tools you have developed first in the Science Tool Kit exercises and then in other assignments in this course.
First, watch:

You will watch portions of Medical Revolution: The Gut Microbiome (https://fod-infobase-com.vlib.excelsior.edu/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=94805&loid=396812) [Video file, 48:58 minutes]. This video is broken up into multiple segments. To view the assigned portions please do the following:
Go to the EC Library NS110 Research Guide for Human Microbiome Assignment (https://fod-infobase-com.vlib.excelsior.edu/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=94805&loid=396812#).
You will be set up for Step #1. As Step #1 indicates, click and watch the embedded video (Introduction: Medical Revolution: The Gut Microbiome [Video file, 02:34 minutes]).
Then, click on Step #2 on the top left side of the NS110 Research Guide page. You will see a list of diseases/conditions: Obesity, Anti-aging, Diabetes (I clicked diabetes: here is the video link: https://fod-infobase-com.vlib.excelsior.edu/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=94805&loid=396804), Cancer, Emotions, Autism and communication, and Mental health.
Decide which disease/condition you are most interested in researching.
Click on a video(s) within that disease/condition category to view.

Review the assigned readings for information about the human gut microbiome and the disease/condition you selected.
Click on Step #3 of the NS110 Research Guide for Human Microbiome Assignment (Links to an external site.) and select your chosen disease/condition from the drop-down menu. You will find additional resources on your topic.

  1. http://www.diabetesforecast.org/2012/nov/certain-bacteria-might-make-type-2-more-likely.html
  2. http://www.diabetesforecast.org/2011/feb/bacteria-in-the-gut-offer-clues-to-diabetes.html
  3. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.vlib.excelsior.edu/docview/1019966728?accountid=134966
  4. http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=101458547&site=eds-live&scope=site

Write a 750 – 1000 word essay (3-4 pages, not including the title and reference pages) on what you have learned about the gut microbiome’s influence on the disease/condition you have selected.
Be sure to include the following points in your analysis:

  1. How do scientists think the gut microbiome influences this disease/condition?
  2. What kinds of research have been reported so far (e.g., just hypotheses or actual lab experiments using mice/other animals or human subjects)? Describe the research and ideas discussed in the video and your readings.
  3. How would you describe the current level of understanding about the gut microbiome and the disease/condition you selected?
  4. Are therapies or treatments now being used for patients with this disease/condition? Do you think this a good thing or a bad thing, and why?
  5. Did you find any sensationalizing or grandiose claims being made for therapies that use the gut microbiome to treat this disease/condition? Do the claims differ from what you found in the research? Explain any differences you have found.
  6. Would you recommend that someone suffering from this disease/condition try the therapies you examined? Why or why not?

Sample Solution

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