Leader–Member exchange Theory 157

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chapter 7 Leader–Member exchange Theory 157

LMX 7 Questionnaire

Instructions: This questionnaire contains items that ask you to describe your relationship with either your leader or one of your followers. For each of the items, indicate the degree to which you think the item is true for you by cir- cling one of the responses that appear below the item.

1. do you know where you stand with your leader (follower) . . . [and] do you usually know how satisfied your leader (follower) is with what you do?

rarely occasionally sometimes Fairly often Very often

1 2 3 4 5

2. how well does your leader (follower) understand your job problems and needs?

not a bit a little a fair amount Quite a bit a great deal

1 2 3 4 5

3. how well does your leader (follower) recognize your potential?

not at all a little Moderately Mostly Fully

1 2 3 4 5

4. regardless of how much formal authority your leader (follower) has built into his or her position, what are the chances that your leader (follower) would use his or her power to help you solve problems in your work?

none small Moderate high Very high

1 2 3 4 5

5. again, regardless of the amount of formal authority your leader (follower) has, what are the chances that he or she would “bail you out” at his or her expense?

none small Moderate high Very high

1 2 3 4 5

6. i have enough confidence in my leader (follower) that i would defend and justify his or her decision if he or she were not present to do so.

strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree

1 2 3 4 5

7. how would you characterize your working relationship with your leader (follower)?

extremely Worse than average Better than extremely ineffective average average effective

1 2 3 4 5

 

Priscilla Almanza
Priscilla Almanza
Priscilla Almanza
Priscilla Almanza
Priscilla Almanza
Priscilla Almanza
Priscilla Almanza

 

158 Leadership Theory and pracTice

By completing the LMX 7, you can gain a fuller understanding of how LMX theory works. The score you obtain on the questionnaire reflects the quality of your leader–member relationships, and indicates the degree to which your relationships are characteristic of partnerships, as described in the LMX model.

you can complete the questionnaire both as a leader and as a follower. in the leader role, you would complete the questionnaire multiple times, assessing the quality of the relationships you have with each of your followers. in the follower role, you would complete the questionnaire based on the leaders to whom you report.

Scoring Interpretation

although the LMX 7 is most commonly used by researchers to explore theo- retical questions, you can also use it to analyze your own leadership style. you can interpret your LMX 7 scores using the following guidelines: very high = 30−35, high = 25−29, moderate = 20−24, low = 15−19, and very low = 7−14. scores in the upper ranges indicate stronger, higher-quality leader–member exchanges (e.g., in-group members), whereas scores in the lower ranges indi- cate exchanges of lesser quality (e.g., out-group members).

soUrce: reprinted from The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), G. B. Graen and M. Uhl-Bien, “relationship-Based approach to Leadership: development of Leader–Member exchange (LMX) Theory of Leadership over 25 years: applying a Multi- Level, Multi-domain perspective,” pp. 219–247. copyright (1995) with permission from elsevier.

Literature Review

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CY – London : Sage Publications PB – London : Sage Publications SN – 0-8039-8375-1 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Culture and power: a media, culture and society reader AU – Scannell, Paddy. AU – Sparks, Colin. AU – Schlesinger, Philip, 1948- CY – London : Sage Publications DA – 1992/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 1992 PB – London : Sage Publications SN – 0-8039-8631-9 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Television and the meaning of ‘live’ AU – Scannell, Paddy, author. CY – Cambridge : Polity DA – 2013/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2013 PB – Cambridge : Polity SN – 978-0-7456-6254-1 ER – TY – CHAP C2 – Moores, Shaun; DA – 2000/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2000 VL – 0 PB – Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press, c2000. SN – 978-0-7486-1179-9 ER – TY – CHAP C2 – Moores, S. DA – 1988/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 1988 VL – 10 PB – Bi-monthly ER – TY – CHAP C2 – Moores, S. DA – 1993/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 1993 VL – 15 PB – Bi-monthly ER – TY – JOUR T2 – Journal of communication inquiry SN – 0196-8599 UR – http://ezproxy.sunderland.ac.uk/form?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dcat00941a%26AN%3Dsunder.217153%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite ER – TY – BOOK TI – Satellite television and everyday life: articulating technology AU – Moores, Shaun. CY – Luton : University of Luton Press DA – 1996/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 1996 PB – Luton : University of Luton Press SN – 978-1-86020-506-4 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Consuming cultures: power and resistance AU – British Sociological Association. AU – Roseneil, Sasha, 1966- AU – Hearn, Jeff. CY – Basingstoke : Macmillan DA – 1999/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 1999 PB – Basingstoke : Macmillan SN – 0-333-74717-8 ER – TY – JOUR T2 – European journal of cultural studies DA – 1998/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 1998 SN – 1367-5494 UR – http://ezproxy.sunderland.ac.uk/form?qurl=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.ebscohost.com%2Flogin.aspx%3Fdirect%3Dtrue%26db%3Dedspub%26AN%3Dedp27504%26site%3Deds-live%26scope%3Dsite ER – TY – BOOK TI – The Internet: an ethnographic approach AU – Miller, Daniel, 1954- AU – Slater, Don. CY – Oxford : Berg PB – Oxford : Berg SN – 1-85973-389-1 ER – TY – BOOK TI – The Internet in everyday life AU – Wellman, Barry. AU – Haythornthwaite, Caroline. CY – Oxford : Blackwell PB – Oxford : Blackwell SN – 978-0-631-23507-1 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Virtual ethnography AU – Hine, Christine. CY – London : Sage PB – London : Sage SN – 978-0-7619-5896-3 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Hanging out in the virtual pub: masculinities and relationships online AU – Kendall, Lori. CY – Berkeley, Calif. ; London : University of California Press DA – 2002/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2002 PB – Berkeley, Calif. ; London : University of California Press SN – 0-520-23036-1 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Connectivity, networks and flows: conceptualizing contemporary communications AU – Hepp, Andreas. CY – Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press DA – 2008/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2008 PB – Cresskill, NJ : Hampton Press SN – 1-57273-857-X ER – TY – CHAP T3 – Comedia<br />Critical voices in art, theory and culture C2 – Moores, Shaun; DA – 2005/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2005 VL – 0 PB – London : Routledge, 2005. SN – 978-0-203-09965-0 UR – https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=http://sso.sunderland.ac.uk/auth/metadata&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203099650 ER – TY – CHAP T3 – Key concerns in media studies C2 – Moores, Shaun; DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2012 VL – 0 PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. SN – 978-0-230-24463-4 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Life on the screen: identity in the age of the Internet AU – Turkle, Sherry. CY – New York : Touchstone DA – 1997/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 1997 PB – New York : Touchstone SN – 0-684-83348-4 ER – TY – GEN TI – Mobility and Proximity AU – Urry, J. DA – 2002/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2002 UR – http://doi.org/10.1177/0038038502036002002 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Mobile lives: self, excess and nature AU – Elliott, Anthony. AU – Urry, John. CY – London : Routledge PB – London : Routledge SN – 0-203-88704-2 UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203887042 ER – TY – GEN TI – ‘Editorial: Mobilities, Immobilities and Moorings’ AU – Hannam, K., Sheller, M. and Urry, J DA – 2006/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2006 UR – http://doi.org/10.1080/17450100500489189 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Mobilities, networks, geographies AU – Larsen, Jonas. AU – Axhausen, K. W., 1958- AU – Urry, John. CY – Aldershot : Ashgate DA – 2006/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2006 PB – Aldershot : Ashgate SN – 978-0-7546-4882-6 UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780754680178 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Sociology beyond societies: mobilities for the twenty-first century AU – Urry, John. CY – London : Routledge DA – 2000/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2000 PB – London : Routledge SN – 0-415-19089-4 UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203021613 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Mobilities AU – Urry, John. CY – Cambridge : Polity PB – Cambridge : Polity SN – 978-0-7456-3418-0 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Sound moves: iPod culture and urban experience AU – Bull, Michael, 1952- CY – New York : Routledge DA – 2008/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2008 PB – New York : Routledge SN – 0-415-25752-2 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Sounding out the city: personal stereos and the management of everyday life AU – Bull, Michael. CY – Oxford : Berg PB – Oxford : Berg SN – 978-1-85973-337-0 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Car cultures AU – Miller, Daniel, 1954- CY – Oxford : Berg PB – Oxford : Berg SN – 1-85973-407-3 ER – TY – CHAP C2 – Bull, M. DA – 2004/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2004 VL – 0 PB – London : Routledge, 2004. SN – 978-0-203-01022-8 UR – https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=http://sso.sunderland.ac.uk/auth/metadata&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780203010228 ER – TY – BOOK TI – The auditory culture reader AU – Bull, Michael. AU – Back, Les. CY – Oxford : Berg DA – 2003/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2003 PB – Oxford : Berg SN – 978-1-85973-613-5 UR – http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip049/2003022159.html ER – TY – CHAP T3 – Key concerns in media studies C2 – Moores, Shaun; DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2012 VL – 0 PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. SN – 978-0-230-24463-4 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Talking with television: women, talk shows, and modern self-reflexivity AU – Wood, Helen, 1972- CY – Urbana, Ill. : University of Illinois Press ; Chesham : Combined Academic [distributor] DA – 2009/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2009 PB – Urbana, Ill. : University of Illinois Press ; Chesham : Combined Academic [distributor] SN – 978-0-252-07602-2 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age AU – Giddens, Anthony. CY – Cambridge : Polity PB – Cambridge : Polity SN – 978-0-7456-0932-4 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Reacting to reality television: performance, audience and value AU – Skeggs, Beverley. AU – Wood, Helen, 1972- CY – New York, NY : Routledge DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2012 PB – New York, NY : Routledge SN – 978-0-415-69370-7 UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780203144237 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Media talk: spoken discourse on TV and radio AU – Tolson, Andrew. CY – Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press DA – 2006/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2006 PB – Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press SN – 978-0-7486-2631-1 UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9780748626311 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Marxism and the philosophy of language AU – Voloshinov, V. N. (Valentin Nikolaevich), 1895-1936. CY – Cambridge, Mass. ; London : Harvard University Press PB – Cambridge, Mass. ; London : Harvard University Press SN – 0-674-55098-6 ER – TY – GEN TI – The Mediated Conversational Floor: An Interactive Approa ch to Audience Reception Analysis AU – Wood, H. DA – 2007/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2007 UR – http://doi.org/10.1177/0163443706072000 ER – TY – CHAP T3 – Key concerns in media studies C2 – Moores, Shaun; DA – 2012/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2012 VL – 0 PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. SN – 978-0-230-24463-4 ER – TY – GEN TI – Media Uses and Everyday Environmental Experiences: A Positive Critique of Phenomenological Geography DA – 2006/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2006 UR – http://www.participations.org/volume%203/issue%202%20-%20special/3_02_moores.htm ER – TY – ELEC TI – Loose Ends: Lines, Media and Social Cha nge’, EASA Media Anthropology Network e – Seminar Paper 40, European Association of Social Anthropologist AU – Moores, S UR – http://www.media-anthropology.net/file/moores_eseminar.pdf ER – TY – GEN TI – ‘”I Didn’t Realize How Attached I Am”: On the Environmental Experiences of Trans – European Migrants’ AU – Moores, S. and Metykova, M. DA – 2010/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2010 UR – http://doi.org/10.1177/1367549409352278 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Negotiating the mediated city: everyday encounters with public screens AU – Krajina, Zlatan, author. CY – New York : Routledge PB – New York : Routledge SN – 1-315-88283-3 UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9781315882833 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Domestication of media and technology AU – Berker, Thomas. CY – Maidenhead : Open University Press PB – Maidenhead : Open University Press SN – 0-335-21768-0 ER – TY – BOOK TI – The practice of everyday life AU – Certeau, Michel de. CY – Berkeley, Calif. ; London : University of California Press DA – 1984/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 1984 PB – Berkeley, Calif. ; London : University of California Press SN – 978-0-520-06168-2 ER – TY – GEN TI – Non – Media – Centric Media Studies: A Cross – Generational Conversation AU – Krajina, Z., Moore s, S. and Morley, D. DA – 2014/01/01/T00:00:01Z PY – 2014 UR – http://doi.org/10.1177/1367549414526733 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Public space, media space AU – Berry, Chris,. CY – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan PB – Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan SN – 1-137-02775-4 UR – http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Sunderland&isbn=9781137027764 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Ambient television: visual culture and public space AU – McCarthy, Anna, 1967- CY – Durham, N.C. ; London : Duke University Press PB – Durham, N.C. ; London : Duke University Press SN – 978-0-8223-2692-2 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Women Take Issue. AU – CCCS; PB – London : Taylor &amp; Francis, 2013. SN – 978-0-415-65329-9 ER – TY – BOOK TI – Media in global context AU – Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle VL – 0 PB – Arnold, 1997. ER –

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2 Bad And Undesirable Listening Habits

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Mindreading Thinking you know the other person’s intentions

From The Brian Buffini Show Episode 26: MASTERING THE ART OF LISTENING

MY STORY NOW!

HABITS TO BREAK TO BECOME A BETTER LISTENER9

FAR Formulating A Response while the other person is talking

ATM Auto Telling your story in response to someone else’s story

SOS Always putting the Spotlight On Self

Don’t Worry, Be Happy Minimizing others’ problems by saying “don’t worry about that”

Sentencing Finishing people’s sentences for them

Me Me Me Turning the conversation to yourself no matter what

Playing God Judging who’s right or wrong without recognizing that people don’t always see the world like you

Mr. Fix It Trying to fix other people’s problems for them when they haven’t asked you to

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