Assignment 3: Areas Of Specialization

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Psychology is a very broad subject that encompasses many areas of specialization. Psychologists have diverse interests and occupations. Many psychologis

What Psychologists Do…Areas of Specialization

 

Instructions: Complete the table on the following pages. Match each Topic of Study with the appropriate Area of Specialization from the list below. In the next column, describe the key focus of this area of specialization. In the last column, identify the type of settings a psychologist with this specialization would work in (hospital, private practice, mental health clinic, corporation or business, school, university or research center). Be sure to cite your textbook or other sources in the reference section at the bottom of the page.

 

Areas of Specialization:

 

Clinical Psychology Health Psychology
Social Psychology Forensic Psychology
Biological Psychology School Psychology
Developmental Psychology Industrial-Organizational Psychology

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Topic of Study Area of Specialization Key Focus of This Area of Specialization Identify Which Setting(s) a Psychologist in this Specialization may Work
1. How people solve problems and make decisions in group settings.      
2. The period when a newborn child recognizes his or her parent.      
3. How to motivate new employees in a large factory.      
4. Which areas of the brain are activated by panic attacks.      
5. Techniques to help students focus better in the elementary school classroom.      
6. Techniques to assist people suffering from depression.      
7. Developing programs to help people effectively quit smoking.      
8. Whether a defendant is competent to stand trial.      

 

 

 

 

References

Introduction to Psychology

©2013 Argosy University

ts are involved in specific areas of research, other psychologists are primarily educators, and some psychologists specialize in the helping professions. Psychology offers many interesting career paths. In this assignment, you will explore eight areas of specialization in psychology.

Instructions

Complete the What Psychologists Do…Areas of Specialization worksheet.

  1. Identify the Area of Specialization being described for each Topic of Study listed. (Use the Area of Specialization list provided.)
  2. Identify the Key Focus of This Area of Specialization.
  3. Use the last column to identify which setting(s) a psychologist in this specialization may work.

Be sure to cite your textbook, or other sources, in the reference section at the bottom of the page.

Analyze the ethical implications of a counselor expressing their values to a client.

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Should a counselor remain value-objective about controversial issues presented by a client (such as abortion, suicide, adultery, drug use, domestic violence, child abuse, etc.)? Some counselors might argue that they should not express their values or criticize their clients for these behaviors, while others would say that expressing moral judgment is appropriate.

 

Consider the information above and chapter 3 of the textbook. Write a 1,000-1,250-word paper addressing the following:

  1. Analyze the ethical implications of a counselor expressing their values to a client.
  2. Identify actions a counselor might take when confronted with clients they find difficult to treat due to differences in values/beliefs regarding one or more of the following issues: abortion, suicide, adultery, drug use, domestic violence, child abuse
  3. Identify factors that might lead a counselor to consider referring a client with any controversial issues to another counselor.
  4. Describe steps a counselor should take if referral is not an option.

Be sure to use the ACA and NAADAC codes of ethics as guidelines when constructing your paper.

 

Include three additional scholarly resources in your paper.

 

The Writing Suggestions document provides further suggestions for writing a quality paper.

 

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

 

This benchmark assignment assesses competency 2.3: Analyze ethical issues in the practice of professional counseling. 

Comparing and Contrasting the MMPI and the Rorschach Inkblot Technique

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Assignment 2: Comparing and Contrasting the MMPI and the Rorschach Inkblot Technique

Controversy surrounds the validity of certain personality tests, including the Rorschach Inkblot Test.  Pundits argue that the Rorschach test results in over-identifying mental problems and is unreliable and invalid. Scholars in favor of the Rorschach test argue that it is one piece of evidence in the whole battery, and criticisms are unfounded or controllable.

Compare and contrast the use of the Rorschach, a projective measure, with the MMPI, an objective measure. Construct a scenario, and present both sides of the argument, where the Rorschach test could be used to help and to hurt the individual being tested. How might a clinical interview influence the interpretation of test results for each? Would you need to make any special accommodations if you were testing an 8 year old? 16 year old? 85 year old? If so, describe and explain. If not, justify your answer.

Search for at least 1 reference that discusses the validity concerns of personality tests. You can use relevant Web sites or journal articles in your argument to comment on the sources of validity, but make sure that they are from reputable Web sites and print sources such as the AU online library, or information from.org, .net, or .edu sites as opposed to .com. Please avoid Wikipedia.

Your paper should be double-spaced and in 12 point, Times New Roman or Arial font with normal one-inch margins, written in APA style, and free of typographical and grammatical errors.  It should include a title page with a running head and a reference page. The body of the paper should be between 3-5 pages in length.

MUST ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS, FOLLOW APA STANDARDS, USE IN-TEXT CITATIONS WITH VALID REFERENCES AND ZERO PLAGARISM,

 

Why do you think they wouldn’t let a person who is terminally ill and in pain with possibly more than 6 months receive assistance in dying?

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Euthanasia

 

The word “euthanasia” draws its roots from Greek meaning “good death.” As it is used in this discussion, it means “the act of ending the life of a person suffering from either a terminal illness, or an incurable disease.” The AMA is against physicians assisting in euthanasia. There is currently only one state in the US that allows for euthanasia, and that is Oregon, where in 1997, the “Death With Dignity Act” went into effect. Euthanasia advocates stress that it should be allowed as an extension of a person’s autonomy. Those who are against euthanasia often say that it can lead to the devaluation of human life, and to a slippery slope in which the old and disabled will be killed on the whims of healthy people. We examined one case and the Oregon law to view the ethics of euthanasia.

 

Case One:
A woman was diagnosed with motor neurone disease (the same
disease that Stephen Hawking has) 5 years ago. This is a condition that destroys motor nerves, making control of movement impossible, while the mind is virtually unaffected. People with motor neurone disease normally die within 4 years of diagnosis from suffocation due to the inability of the inspiratory muscles to contract. The woman’s condition has steadily declined. She is not expected to live through the month, and is worried about the pain that she will face in her final hours. She asks her doctor to give her diamorphine for pain if she begins to suffocate or choke. This will lessen her pain, but it will also hasten her death. About a week later, she falls very ill, and is having trouble breathing.

 

Questions for Case 1:

 

  • Does she have a right to make this choice, especially in view of the fact that she will be dead in a short while (say six hours)? Is this choice an extension of her autonomy?
  • Is the short amount of time she has to live ethically relevant? Is there an ethical difference between her dying in 6 hours and dying in a week? What about a year, and how do you draw this distinction?
  • Is the right for a patient’s self-determination powerful enough to create obligations on the part of others to aid her so that she can exercise her rights? She clearly cannot kill herself. She can’t move, but should someone be FORCED to help her, or to find someone to help her?
  • Should the money used to care for this woman be taken into account when she is being helped? Do you think that legalizing euthanasia could create conflicts of interest for the patient/ or the doctor? Will people feel that they need to end their lives earlier to save money?
  • Ask each student: If you were the physician, what would you do? Note: if you would pass her off to another doctor knowing he or she would do it, does this free you from you ethical obligations?

 

Oregon’s Death With Dignity Act:

Students were given the two paragraphs that are found on the following web page: http://www.nightingalealliance.org/htmdocs/iss_a_p.htm. We then discussed the following questions pertaining to the Death With Diginity Act.

 

Death With Dignity Questions:

 

  • Look at the requirements for the request. Do you see any problems with them? (The woman from case 1 would not qualify.)
  • Why would they put in these guidelines? Should they be there, if they keep a competent person like the woman above from living her autonomy? (Is it to protect the doctors so they will not have to GIVE the medication?)
  • Is there a moral difference between prescribing the drug and actually giving it to the patient? If not, why put in the rules?
  • Why do you think they wouldn’t let a person who is terminally ill and in pain with possibly more than 6 months receive assistance in dying? Say someone is diagnosed with HIV?
  • Does the justification of euthanasia necessarily justify the assisted suicide of a healthy person?
  • Do you think a weakness of this law is the probability of patients being influenced by family members? (For example, for financial or other reasons?) Note: Approximately 60% of Oregonians in 2000 said (before they died) that they used the prescription at least in some part due to fear of being a burden on their family.
  • The AMA says that euthanasia is fundamentally incompatible with the physician’s role as healer. What do you think about this statement? Why should a physician have to be the one who does this?