Biology – physical structure of a protein

The physical structure of a protein often reflects and affects its function.
(a) Describe THREE types of chemical bonds/interactions found in proteins. For each type, describe its role
in determining protein structure.
(b) Discuss how the structure of a protein affects the function of TWO of the following.
Muscle contraction
Regulation of enzyme activity
Cell signaling
(c) Abnormal hemoglobin is the identifying characteristic of sickle cell anemia. Explain the genetic basis of
the abnormal hemoglobin. Explain why the sickle cell allele is selected for in certain areas of the world.