Aviation Security 5

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Chapter 4

 

 

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The Role of Government in Aviation Security

 

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Introduction

 

 

 

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ICAO recommends each nation should have a national government organization charged with providing internal national security

 

US – Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Introduction

Providing internal national security for aviation, customs and immigration, protecting the U.S. president, specific federal facilities, and the U.S. coastline.

 

Responding to major natural disasters or terrorist attacks is also a security related responsibility of the DHS.

 

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DHS oversees Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

 

 

 

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TSA regulates transportation security

 

TSA provides direction to airports and aircraft operators on compliance with federal regulations

 

TSA conducts screening at most U.S. airports

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Introduction

TSA regulates transportation security in the United States, which includes rail, trucking, shipping, and aviation.

 

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Transportation Security Regulations (TSRs)

 

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Part 1500:

Aviation Security

 

Part 1503:

Enforcement Actions

TSR Part 1500 contains general terms and abbreviations associated with transportation

security regulations.

 

Part 1503 covers enforcement and the process for opening and prosecuting a case against a regulated party.

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Violations can be of minimum, moderate, or maximum severity

 

Fines per incident for:

Aircraft operators $2,500 to $25,000

Airports and cargo agents $1,000 to $10,000

Individuals $250 to $7,500

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Part 1503: Enforcement Actions

TSA regulates transportation security in the United States, which includes rail, trucking, shipping, and aviation.

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Part 1503: Enforcement Actions

Individuals Airport Operators Aircraft Operators Air Cargo
Entering sterile areas without being screened Failure to ensure Airport Security Coordinator (ASC) fulfills duties Refusal to carry Federal Air Marshals Failure to produce a copy of the security program
Failure to undergo secondary screening when directed Failure to train ASCs Failure to pay security fees Failure to supply certification to the aircraft operator
Improperly entering SIDAs or AOAs Failure to allow TSA to inspect an airport Failure to prevent unauthorized access to secured area or to aircraft Failure to meet requirements for accepting cargo from an all-cargo carrier with an approved security program at a station(s) where cargo is accepted or processed
Improper use of access media. Failure to carry out a security program requirement Failure to comply with requirements for carriage of an accessible weapon by an armed law enforcement officer Failure to transport cargo in locked or closely-monitored vehicles
Failure to notify TSA of changes in the security program

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TSA regulates transportation security in the United States, which includes rail, trucking, shipping, and aviation.

 

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Part 1520:

Sensitive Security Information

Part 1520 addresses the control and handling of security sensitive information (SSI).

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Common types of SSI documents at an airport are:

 

Airport Security Program (ASP)

Security directives (SD)

Information circulars (IC)

 

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DHS nondisclosure

Form 11000-6

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Part 1520: Sensitive Security Information

Other airport tenants, vendors and contractors should receive desensitized ASP

 

Participant manuals

 

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Part 1540:

General Operations

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Part 1540: General Operations

Terminology of aviation security and individual accountability

 

Security responsibilities of employees and others

 

Interference with screeners or any aviation employee with security duties

 

Carriage of weapons and explosives onboard and in checked baggage

 

Inspection of FAA airman and medical certificates

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Part 1540: General Operations

Part 1540.103

Prohibits individuals from falsifying an application or any other record related to the issuance of security access media

 

Requires anyone who has passed a CHRC and is subsequently arrested for a disqualifying crime to report this to the issuing agency

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Part 1540: General Operations

Part 1540.105

Requires travelers and aviation employees to conform to security regulations

 

Prohibits individuals from tampering with airport access control systems or illegally entering airport security areas

 

Following 9/11, made trespassing within airport security areas a federal crime

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Part 1540: General Operations

Part 1540.107

Requires individuals to submit to airport screening before entering sterile areas

 

 

Part 1540.109

Protects against interference with screening personnel and extends to any aviation employee with security responsibilities

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Part 1540: General Operations

Part 1540.111

Specifies it is a violation to have a prohibited item, once screening has begun, while in sterile areas or when attempting to board or be onboard an aircraft

 

Prohibits the carriage of loaded firearms in checked baggage

 

Prohibits the carriage of explosives and incendiaries

 

Requires firearms to be declared to air carrier during baggage check-in

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Part 1540: General Operations

Part 1540.113

Grants TSA personnel the right to request examination of the pilot’s airman certificate (pilot’s license) and required FAA medical certificate

 

 

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How Regulations Are Changed

 

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Security Directives

 

Notices of proposed rulemaking

 

Amendments to airport and air carrier security programs

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)

 

In Emergencies, regulations

can be drafted and immediately

implemented

 

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Changing an Airport or Air Carrier Security Program

 

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1542.105

Approval and Amendments

 

Amendments are generally permanent changes to the program

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Changing an Airport or Air Carrier Security Program

 

If an airport or air carrier desires to amend its security program, it will draft the proposed change and

 

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Temporary Amendments

 

Airfield Construction

Emergency exercises

 

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Many airport and air carrier operators draft security programs to meet minimum standards TSA will allow, but then exceed the standard in actual operating practices

 

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In the 25 years preceding 9-11, there were a handful of significant amendments to aviation security regulations

 

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The TSA can issue emergency amendments to security programs

 

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“Changed Condition Affecting Security,” – 1542.107

 

Occurs when a security problem causes an airport or air carrier to go out of compliance with its security program and temporary measures cannot be implemented to maintain it

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Changed Conditions Affecting Security

 

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Intelligence and Intervention

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Intelligence and Intervention

DHS manages security intelligence and intervention strategies

 

In US, TSA and FBI disseminate aviation security information to airports and airlines that enables them to implement precautionary security measures

 

 

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U.S. intelligence agencies and military services conduct most of nation’s intelligence gathering and early intervention related to aviation security

However, intelligence analysts are always careful to note that there is a distinction between information and intelligence, and the even more evasive actionable intelligence, which is information that enables U.S. military or law enforcement assets to take action on (arrest, or capture/kill).

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Intelligence and Intervention

Intelligence Cycle

Planning and Direction

Collection

Processing and Collation

Analysis and Production

Dissemination

 

Failure to review and analyze international or any off-airport security issue is negligent aviation security management

 

 

 

 

Planning and direction focuses on intelligence and law enforcement agencies on a particular direction or threat(s). Collection includes the collection of relevant information about the threat, from a variety of sources, which could include the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, DHS, other federal agencies such as the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency, the CIA, FBI, DEA, and state, local and tribal organizations. Processing and Collation attempts to take multiple pieces of information from these sources and put them together to form a better picture of terrorist or criminal activity. Analysis and Production includes preparing reports to disseminate back to the intelligence and law enforcement agencies, and Dissemination is the process of distributing the information to those entities.

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Intelligence and Intervention

Types of intelligence

Signals Intelligence (SIGNT)

Imagery Intelligence (IMINT)

Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT)

Human-Source Intelligence (HUMINT)

Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT)

Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT)

 

 

 

 

 

Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) is the exploitation of electronic emissions information, which is derived from four sources, electronic, communications, foreign and weapons-related command and control signals.

Imagery Intelligence (IMINT) is the product of processing raw images, in the form of pixels, digits, or other forms, and the attempt to determine the time, date, place that the imagery was obtained.

Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) is scientific and technical intelligence (metrics, angles, spatial, wavelenth, etc) derived from sensors to detect identifying distinctive features associated with the source.

Human-Source Intelligence (HUMINT) is derived from human beings who may be both sources and collectors of information, either by direct observation and the use of recruited agents and in some cases, interrogation.

Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) is unclassified information of potential intelligence value and is open to the general public.

Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) is intelligence derived from imagery and geospatial information of physical features and geographically referenced activities on Earth (typically associated with satellite gather information).

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Intelligence and Intervention

Intelligence available to the consumer

Current intelligence

Estimative intelligence

Warning intelligence

Research intelligence

Scientific and technical intelligence

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Current intelligence: day-to-day events, new developments, related background and an assessment of their significance to warn of near-term consequences.

Estimative Intelligence: sees to assess potential developments that could affect U.S. national security, begins with facts, then explore the unknown and the unknowable.

Warning Intelligence: sounds an alarm or gives policy makers notice – urgent in nature and implies the need for action or response. Security Directives are intended for Warning Intelligence.

Research Intelligence: presented as in-depth studies as an underpinning to current and estimative intelligence.

Scientific and technical intelligence: information on technical developments and characteristics, performance and technical capabilities of weapons and security systems.

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Intelligence and Intervention

Controlled Unclassified Information – FOUO

 

Intelligence – improves decision making, warn of potential threats

 

Direct access vs. indirect access

 

Sources: contact, collaborative, established, walk-in or sensitive

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Controlled Unclassified Information,” refers to information that does not meet the standards for National Security Classification under EO 12958, but is pertinent to the national interests of the U.S., and under law or policy requires protection from unauthorized disclosure – typically this type of information is referred to as FOUO, For Official Use Only.

 

Intelligence can improve decision making, while hindering our enemies decision-making, it can warn of potential threats, provide insight into current events, provide better situational awareness, provide long-term assessments on issues of on-going threats, provide pre-travel security overview and support and provide reports on specific topics based on need.

 

There are two types of access, direct vs. indirect: Direct access means the intelligence source has direct knowledge of the fact or appears to be in the direct contact with those knowledgeable. Indirect access means there is some distance between the source and the origin of the information.

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Intelligence and Intervention

High, Moderate, Low

 

National Terrorist Screening Center (NTSC) is a single database of identifying information about those known or reasonably suspected of being involved in terrorist activity.

 

No-Fly and Selectee List

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

High Confidence generally indicates the IC’s judgments are based on high-quality information. Moderate Confidence generally means that the information is interpreted in various ways or that the information is credible, plausible but not sufficiently corroborated to warrant a higher level of confidence. Low Confidence generally means the information is scant and difficult to make solid analytic inferences or that the IC has significant concerns with the sources.

 

The vision of the NTSC is to be the global authority for watchlisting and identifying known and suspected terrorists.

 

The NTSC is a single database of identifying information about those known or reasonably suspected of being involved in terrorist activity.

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Aviation security practitioners must pay attention to intelligence related to noncriminal or terrorist threats that could jeopardize the aviation system

 

Avian flu

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Intelligence and Intervention

Airports are lifelines to outside world during disasters

 

Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, 2005

Vehicle bombing of Alfred P. Murrah federal building Oklahoma City, 1995

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Intelligence and Intervention

Aviation Safety and Security Act of 1996:

Airport operators required to have a consortium of aviation security and law enforcement professionals who meet regularly to share information and develop strategies to mitigate or prepare for possible incidents

 

 

Boston/Logan Airport

“8:30 am meeting”

 

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Airport security practitioners should maintain high levels of awareness with respect to global aviation security

 

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Fusion Centers, TLO’s and Infragard

Through the Fusion Centers and the Terrorism Liaison Officer Program, airport operators have new pathways to access relevant threat information and keep up on existing and potential threats.

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Fusion Centers, TLO’s and Infragard

Fusion centers provide interdisciplinary expertise and situational awareness to inform decision-making at all levels of government.

 

DHS launched the “If You See Something, Say Something™”

Located in states and major urban areas throughout the country, fusion centers are uniquely situated to empower front-line law enforcement, public safety, fire service, emergency response, public health, critical infrastructure protection, and private sector security personnel to understand local implications of national intelligence, thus enabling local officials to better protect their communities.

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Fusion Centers, TLO’s and Infragard

Terrorism Liaison Officer (TLO) functions as the principle point of contact for a public safety agency in matters related to terrorism information.

 

Infragard is an information sharing and analysis effort serving that combines the knowledge base members.

A Terrorism Liaison Officer (TLO) functions as the principle point of contact for a public safety agency in matters related to terrorism information.

Airport managers and airport security coordinators are eligible to become TLOs.

TLOs are a vital link in keeping those engaged in public safety professions aware of current terrorist tactics, techniques, and practices.

TLOs are typically contacted when suspicious activities are witnessed that could potentially be related to terrorism.

 

Infragard is an information sharing and analysis effort serving that combines the knowledge base members. InfraGard is a partnership between the FBI and the private sector and incorporates an association of businesses, academic institutions, state and local law enforcement agencies, and other participants dedicated to sharing information and intelligence to prevent hostile acts against the United States.

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Domestic and Regional Aviation Security

 

 

Aircraft operators conduct flights throughout domestic and regional areas (those areas more than a mile beyond the geographical boundary of an airport).

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Domestic and Regional Aviation Security

Aircraft security practitioners should understand that threat levels can vary within United States, Mexico, and Canada

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Domestic and Regional Aviation Security

Primary layers of government security organizations and agencies at domestic and regional levels

 

 

Department of Homeland Security

U.S. Northern Command

FBI

TSA

State agencies

 

Individual states have developed their own law enforcement, intelligence-gathering, and emergency response capabilities.

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North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)

 

 

U.S. and Canadian organization charged with the aerospace warning and aerospace control for North America.

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)

The NORAD-U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) Command Center:

Central collection and coordination facility for a worldwide system of sensors designed to provide the commander and the leadership of Canada and the United States with an accurate picture of any aerospace threat

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD)

Established after 9-11 to provide command and control of DOD homeland defense efforts and to coordinate defense support of civil authorities

 

Civil support mission includes:

 

Domestic disaster relief operations that occur

during fires, hurricanes, floods and earthquakes

 

Counterdrug operations

 

Managing the consequences of a terrorist event

employing a weapon of mass destruction

 

 

 

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Department of Homeland Security

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Department of Homeland Security

Established in January 2003

 

Homeland Security Act of 2002

 

Prevent terrorist attacks in US, reduce country’s vulnerability to terrorism, and assist in recovery after an attack

 

Combines 22 separate government agencies

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Department of Homeland Security

 

 

Comprised of directorates responsible for the following:

 

    • Managing border and transportation security assets used to prevent terrorists from entering US

 

2. Protecting air, land, and sea transportation systems

 

3. Enforcing immigration laws

 

4. Managing emergency preparedness and response

 

5. Coordinating the federal government’s response to terrorist attacks and major disasters

 

6. Assisting in recovery efforts

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Department of Homeland Security

 

 

7. Employing science and technology personnel overseeing efforts to protect US from chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear attacks

 

8. Funding research related to homeland security

 

9. Gathering and analyzing intelligence information from federal, state, and local agencies in order to detect terrorist threats or vulnerabilities in the country’s infrastructure

 

10. Enhancing nuclear detection efforts of federal, state, territorial, tribal, and local governments

 

11. Aiding the private sector in developing coordinated responses to security threats

 

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Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

 

 

 

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Mission:

Prevent terrorist attacks and to protect U.S. transportation network

 

Initial Responsibility:

Take over airline screening

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

In addition to screening and regulatory compliances, TSA oversees numerous other programs, which include the following:

Federal Air Marshal Program

 

National Explosives Detection Canine Team Program

 

Training and certification of federal flight deck officers (FFDO)

 

Crew Member Self-Defense Training Program

 

Armed Security Officers Program

 

Office of Training and Development

 

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Risk Management

 

 

Based on conducting a risk analysis, then allocating funding and resources to those areas with the highest risk of attack or the areas where an attack would create catastrophic damage.

 

Acknowledges that not all life and infrastructure can be completely protected all the time.

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

Behavior detection officers (BDO)

 

Bomb assessment officers (BAO)

 

Aviation Direct Access Screening Program (ADASP)

 

Visible Inter-Modal Protection and Response (VIPR)

 

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Federal Security Director (FSD)

 

 

The TSA is represented at the local level by the federal security director (FSD).

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Security Director (FSD)

FSD employed by TSA, reports to TSA headquarters

 

Ensure airport and aircraft operators within their jurisdiction follow regulations and oversee airport security screening operations

 

Provides daily operational direction for federal security at airports

 

Operational authority over security-screening workforce

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Security Director (FSD)

Operationally, handles all incoming intelligence and disseminates it to Airport Security Coordinator (ASC)

 

Has the authority to stop aircraft and airport operations

 

Has the authority and responsibility to make decisions on behalf of the TSA

 

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Preside over three departments:

 

Compliance

Operations

Business Management

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Security Director (FSD)

Assistant Federal Security Director (AFSD)

 

Regulatory inspection, responsible for compliance

Screening, responsible for operations

 

Heads operations department, includes security-screening workforce

 

Business management department, standard business functions

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Security Director (FSD)

Transportation Security Inspectors (TSIs):

 

Conduct ongoing audits of airport and aircraft operator security programs and procedures

 

Open cases and investigate alleged violations of security regulations

 

Act as liaisons to airport and aircraft operator security coordinators

 

Provide briefings and guidance on industry issues and policy changes

 

Conduct reviews of the various security programs

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Security Director (FSD)

Expert Transportation Security Officer (ETSO), Bomb Appraisal Officers (BAO)

 

ETSO-BAO build simulated explosive devices

 

Advanced alarm resolution

 

Subject matter expert liaison

ESTO – BAO are charged with finding effective ways to share their expertise and real-world experience with the TSO workforce.

 

BAO’s build simulated explosive devices and run them through the screening process to show TSOs what terrorists are doing and what they are capable of.

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TSA’s Office of Intelligence

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

TSA’s Office of Intelligence

Provide threat information to transportation community

 

Coordinates and shares information

 

Supporting TSA’s risk-based security strategy

 

Intelligence Watch and Outreach Division

 

Field Intelligence Officers (FIOs)

 

TSA developed an Office of Intelligence (OI) to provide threat information to the transportation community. OI was mandated by ATSA and further revised by the Homeland Security Act to receive, assess, and distribute intelligence information related to transportation security; assess threats to transportation; develop policies, strategies, and plans for dealing with threats to transportation security; [and] act as the primary liaison for transportation security to the intelligence and law enforcement communities.

 

The OI consists of the Intelligence Watch and the Outreach Division, which functions as a 24-hour watch and the Current Intelligence and Assessments Division, which functions as an analysis center tracking current and emerging threats across all modes of transportation.

 

TSA employs Field Intelligence Officers (FIOs) to analyze incoming threat information, serve as the principal advisor to FSDs on intelligence matters, develop and maintain working relationships with federal, state, local, and private entities responsible for transportation security.

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Federal Air Marshals

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Air Marshals

The mission of the federal air marshal (FAM) program is to:

 

“Promote confidence in our Nation’s civil aviation system through the effective deployment of Federal Air Marshals to detect, deter, and defeat hostile acts targeting U.S. air carriers, airports, passengers and crews”

 

 

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FAMs detect, deter, and defeat hostile acts against U.S. air carriers, passengers and crews.

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Air Marshals

Dress as normal travelers to blend in with their surroundings

 

Carry firearms

 

Authorized to use lethal force in protection of flight deck from terrorist takeover

 

Ammunition used by air marshals is designed to stop when it hits an individual

 

Must meet highest firearm standards of any federal agency

 

Assigned to certain high-risk flights based on a variety of intelligence information and other classified factors

 

Perform a variety of other duties including surveillance at airports

 

 

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Special Programs

 

Federal Flight Deck Officer

Crew Member Self Defense

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Special Programs

FFDO – Eligible flight crew members authorized to use firearms

Trained by Federal Air Marshal Service

 

Crew Member Self Defense – basic self defense tactics

 

 

 

Under the FFDO program, eligible flight crewmembers are authorized by TSA to use firearms to defend against acts of criminal violence or air piracy attempting to gain control of an aircraft.

 

The program teaches basic self-defense tactics that can be executed in the confines of an aircraft cockpit or cabin, and additional techniques to use “on the street.”

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Federal Bureau of Investigation

 

 

Part of the role of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats.

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Called whenever there is destruction of a commercial aircraft

 

Extensive history of involvement in domestic and international terrorist actions

 

FBI’s Aviation Program provides key investigative resources to 56 FBI field offices

 

FBI Airport Liaison Agent (ALA) point-of-contact for airport and aircraft operator security personnel

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Bureau of Investigation

 

During security incidents at airports or on aircraft under jurisdiction of US, FBI has jurisdictional authority—not the TSA

 

The FBI “special jurisdiction” onboard aircraft includes begin and end the moment when all doors closed after boarding until they are reopened

 

 

The FBI “special jurisdiction” onboard aircraft includes begin and end the moment when all doors closed after boarding until they are reopened.

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF)

 

Critical Incident Response Group (CIRG)

 

Crisis Negotiations Unit

 

George Bush Strategic Information Operations Center (SIOC)

 

Hostage Rescue Team (HRT)

 

 

 

 

 

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Terrorist Information System (TIS)

 

300,000+ individuals

3,000 organizations

 

 

Part of the role of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats.

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What should airport authorities do when the FBI arrives at an airport in response to a security incident?

 

Access resources

 

Have a few agents at the airport ICC to act as liaisons, however FBI prefers to coordinate their activities from another location

 

Arrange for a separate room to conduct hostage negotiations

 

Arrange for staging areas for tactical response teams, escorts, equipment, and access to air traffic control tower

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Federal Bureau of Investigation

 

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Customs, Immigrations, and Agricultural Enforcement Agencies

 

 

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Customs, Immigrations, and Agricultural Enforcement Agencies

 

Immigration and Customs Enforcement

ICE

Investigations arm of DHS

Customs and Border Protection (CBP)

Combines elements of former US Customs and US Immigration, Animal and Plant Health Inspection and US Border Patrol

 

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Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Customs, Immigrations, and Agricultural Enforcement Agencies

Staff customs and immigration checkpoints

Conduct animal and plant health inspections

Manage the Advance Passenger Information System (APIS)

 

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Other Federal Agencies

 

 

 

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U.S. Secret Service

 

Charged with the protection of president and certain other dignitaries

 

 

 

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US Marshal Service (USMS)

 

 

Primary missions are apprehension of fugitives, protection of federal witnesses, protection of federal judges, and transportation of federal criminals

 

Marshals may track and arrest fugitives on airport property or conduct investigations on passengers or employees at airport

 

Justice Prisoner and Alien Transportation System (JPATS)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Other Federal Agencies

 

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Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

 

Conduct frequent investigations on the transshipment of narcotics and narcotic traffickers using commercial and general aviation aircraft

 

Has an aviation division

 

Conduct surveillance operations at GA airports

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Other Federal Agencies

 

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State Aeronautical Agencies

 

Exist in all 50 states

 

 

 

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May serve in an advisory or regulatory capacity over airports within their state and often have a role in advising or distributing financial grants to airport operators

 

Each state varies in organization structure

 

Provide other services for airports and pilots

 

Most participate at some level in annual capital improvement funding of airports

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

State Aeronautical Agencies

 

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Local Law Enforcement

 

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Local law enforcement agencies receive and sometimes develop their own intelligence information

 

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State and local law enforcement, greater assistance to airport and aircraft operators than federal agencies

 

Development of local intelligence and sharing of that intelligence through FBI’s Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF) are important to overall security of the community and the airports and airlines that serve it

 

Investigations and arrests of individuals suspected to be engaged in terrorist or criminal activities can provide additional information contributing to antiterrorist efforts

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Local Law Enforcement

 

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U.S. Regulation Title 49 CFR Parts 1542.215 and .217 Law Enforcement Personnel and Support

 

Commercial service airports are required to maintain either a law enforcement presence or ability for law enforcement personnel to respond in case of a security incident

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Local Law Enforcement

 

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Exact number of LEOs determined on a case-by case basis

 

Smaller commercial service airports have fewer LEO requirements

 

Airports with limited LEO requirements may only have a response time for LEOs to arrive on scene

 

Exact response times are considered SSI

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Local Law Enforcement

 

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LEO presence at screening checkpoints is thought to deter potential criminal or terrorist activity

 

Airports must also have enough LEO personnel to respond to foreseeable incidents

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Local Law Enforcement

 

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The minimum law enforcement requirements for LEOs with airport responsibilities are as follows:

 

Have arrest authority

 

Identifiable by appropriate indicia of authority

 

Armed with a firearm and authorized to use it

 

Have completed a training program that meets the requirements for law enforcement officers

 

Airports are required to maintain the LEO training records until 180 days after departure of that particular LEO

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Local Law Enforcement

 

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U.S. Regulation Title 49 CFR Part 1542.219

 

When an airport operator cannot meet minimum law enforcement staffing levels for his or her commercial service airport, operator can request TSA to authorize staffing from either TSA or another federal or authorized agency

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Practical Aviation Security – Chapter 4

Local Law Enforcement

 

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Conclusion

 

 

 

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