Anatomy in Comparison

You must choose one of the following topics:
Anatomical differences between modern humans and Neanderthal people, a group of extinct humans that

lived in Europe and Asia during the last ice age. How did their anatomical features help them survive their

environment and lifestyle?
Why and how do some animals (e.g., cows, deer) ruminate (chew cuds), and how this behavior benefit

their survival.
Compare the upper limb of a human, a horse, and a bat. How are the same bones and muscles modified in

different ways to allow different functions? What kind of motions are allowed in each type of upper limbs?
What does Tyrannosaurus rex eat, and why does it have such tiny arms? What kind of adaptation does it

have for eating the things that it did, and how do we know all of this when all we have were their fossilized

bones?
Fish breathe through gills and only have two-chambered hearts. How does this work? Do they have

homologous structures to our lungs? Do we have homologous structures to their gills?

Sample Solution

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