Which of the following is not an expected effect of global climate change?

41. Microevolution is defined as:

1. Changes in population size
2. Changes in the frequency of alleles in the gene pool
3. Changes in the composition of the population
4. Emergence of new species
5. Changes in community size

 

42. A zorse is the offspring produced through interbreeding between a horse and a zebra. Zorses are often preferred for riding because of their physical shape, but they are sterile. According to Linnaean taxonomy, are zebras and horses classified in the same species?

1. Yes
2. No
3. Sometimes
4. Not enough information to determine

 

43. Red rose color is incompletely dominant over white rose color. If a red rose is crossed with a pink rose, what percentage of the offspring will be pink?

1. 100
2. 75
3. 50
4. 25

 

44. Honey bees engage in entomophily, pollination through pollen distribution, as part of the process to produce honey. What is entomophily an example of?

1. Ecosystem
2. Niche
3. Community
4. Habitat

 

45. Themajority of climate scientists suggest that the current change in climate is caused predominantly by ________.

1. An enhancement of the greenhouse effect
2. A decreased reliance on fossil fuels for energy
3. A thinning of the ozone layer
4. A melting of the polar ice caps
5. An increase in solar radiation

 

46. Which of the following is not an expected effect of global climate change?

1. A rise in the sea levels
2. Flooding of coastal cities
3. Decrease in the size of glaciers and ice sheets
4. Increase in the size of glacier and ice sheets
5. More extreme weather

 

47. If a wolf eats a rodent which ate a small insect which ate a plant, the wolf would be a(n)

1. Autotroph
2. Primary producer
3. Primary consumer
4. Secondary consumer
5. Tertiary consumer

 

48. The organisms that represent the different species within an ecosystem that interact in various ways, comprise a _______________

1. Population
2. Trophic level
3. Species
4. Community
5. Habitat

 

49. Inheritable mutations, which may allow a population to evolve, are produced

1. As a response to selection pressure
2. By chance
3. By natural selection
4. As a response to environmental pressure
5. By artificial selection

 

50. The ability of fireflies and angler fish to produce light is an example of convergent evolution. What can you conclude about these two animals based on this information?

1. They share a recent common ancestor
2. The ability to produce light is an ancient trait
3. They are found in the same location
4. They are both adapted to environments which are low in light
5. All of the above

 

II. Matching of definitions and terms. Please place the correct number in front of each definition. (1 point each = 10 points):

____ DNA with attached proteins

____ A haploid cell that combines with another haploid cell during fertilization

____ Converts light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or

starch

____ A specific portion of a chromosome that contains information for a particular inherited

trait

____ An interaction during meiosis in which chromatids exchange segments; it results in genetic

recombination

____ Nucleotide that drives most energy-requiring metabolic reaction

____ Extracts energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesizes ATP; produces water and carbon

dioxide

____ The process in which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA transcript

____ The synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

____ Are primary cellular structures (or components) where proteins are assembled

 

1. ATP

2. chromosome

3. crossing over

4. chloroplast

5. gamete

6. DNA molecules

7. gene

8. germ cell

9. meiosis

10. central vacuoles

11. lysosomes

12. mitochondrion

13. mitosis

14. translation

15. transcription

16. ribosomes

17. microtubules

18. Golgi bodies

19. RNA molecules

20. nucleoli

 

III. True-False questions. (1 point each = 5 points):

1. Diffusion will occur, if a concentration gradient exists.

1. True
2. False

 

2. When a founder population has a small gene pool, evolutionary change is more likely to be rapid than if the founder population has a large gene pool.

1. True
2. False

 

3. Stabilizing selection is a pattern of natural selection that favors an average, not extreme, expression of a trait.

1. True
2. False

 

4. Once an adaptive feature appears, it remains in all the descendant unless the species becomes extinct.

1. True
2. False

 

5. Humans are more likely to be infected by viruses after the viruses had a chance to multiply outside the body on surfaces touched by infected people.

1. True
2. False

 

IV. Matching of Terms/Concepts with Definitions/Associations. Place the correct number on the line behind each term. (1/2 point each=5 points)

Term or Concept

Water molecule ___

Carbon ___

Homeostasis ___

Ionic Bonding ___

Covalent Bonding ___

Carbohydrate ___

Enzyme ___

Acid  ___

Base ___

Lipid ___

 

Definition/Association

1. energy source

2. two atoms sharing electrons

3. electron donated/received

4. hydrophobic

5. element found in all living organisms

6. catalyst

7. OH^– > H⁺

8. polar

9. characteristic of all living organisms

10. H⁺ > OH^–

 

V. Brief essay questions: Please write a concise and succinct response to each one of the following questions; be sure to mark your answers with the correct essay number. I am looking for clarity and detail which reflects your knowledge of the subject. Always include appropriate examples, if warranted. (Total possible points=30)

1. The habitat of one species of tropical fish is red coral reefs. The large majority of the fish in this populations are red. A few individual fish carry a mutation that prevents the production of the red pigment; as a result, these fish are white. The temperature of the ocean where these fish live becomes warmer and warmer over a ten year period, and, as a result, the coral is bleached and turns white. Use what you have learned about natural selection to explain how this bleaching event may have affected the evolution of this fish population (not including possible direct effects of warmer temperatures for the fish). Include the following terms in your explanation: Differential reproduction, beneficial trait, allele frequency, selection pressure, evolution (5 possible points)

2. You scoop up a water sample from a local pond nearby, because you are curious about the possible microbes that might live there. After looking at several slides that held drops of the sample, you noticed two different kinds of cells: One kind was very small and had no separate internal structures; the other kind was much larger, and it contained several kinds of internal structures that were physically different from each other. Please name each cell and briefly describe their overall similarities and differences. (5 possible points)

3. Humans share 99% of their genes with chimpanzees, 90% with mice, 50% with fruit flies, and 37% with celery. Please explain the evolutionary significance of these data. Phylogenetic details here are essential. (5 possible points)

4. A population of pygmy-deer becomes re-established on an island after having been absent for a very long time. They are given ‘protective status’, and flourish in numbers. Then an unusually long and harsh winter happens. The deer are seen eating bark, raiding bird feeders, and some die. Describe both the density-dependent and density independent factors at work here, and explain what might be happening to this population. Terms such as carrying capacity, and birth and death rates must be part of your discussion. (5 possible points)

5. When a rabbit eats the lettuce in your garden, all of the energy in the lettuce is used by the rabbit. Is this statement true or false? Defend your answer. Your answer must be detailed about energy conversions and trophic levels. (5 possible points)

 

6. Before recombinant products were available, humans who needed hormones or other biological products, such as insulin, had to use products that were harvested from other humans and non-human animals. Can you think of specific health risks that might be associated with products that were not made with genetically engineered bacteria? (5 possible points)