Describe the relationship between barometric pressure and the partial pressure of O2.

Study Questions

1. Describe the relationship between barometric pressure and the partial pressure of O2.

2. Describe the relationship between increasing altitude and VO2max and physical performance.

3. Indicate the reasons why exercise lasting less than 2 minutes is unaffected by high altitude.

4. Indicate the reasons why most physical performances lasting more than 2 minutes are

Affected by high altitude?

5. Describe the effect of altitude on the heart rate, cardiac output, and ventilation responses to

Submaximal exercise and why they change as they do.

6. Describe the effect of acclimatization on hemoglobin concentration and maximal aerobic

Power?

7. Explain why “live high, train low” describes a good strategy for improving endurance

Performance.

8. Describe the potential effects of air pollution on exercise performance.

1. Describe the basic principles of training.

2. Contrast cross-sectional with longitudinal training studies and describe typical changes in

VO2max for people with different initial levels of fitness.

3. Describe the role of genetics vs. training in the performance of champion distance runners.

4. Relate the training-induced changes in VO2max to changes in maximal cardiac output and the

Arteriovenous oxygen difference.

5. Describe the factors responsible for the increase in stroke volume with endurance training.

6. Describe the biochemical and structural changes in skeletal muscle that allow for an increased

O2 extraction while the muscle experiences a higher blood flow in maximal work. Explain the

specific muscle signals that result in increased mitochondria from endurance training.

7. Relate the changes in VO2max due to the cessation in training to changes in maximal cardiac

output and the arteriovenous oxygen difference, including the changes in mitochondrial

content.

 

 

 

8. Describe how the changes in skeletal muscle with training are related to the following

adaptations after a training program:

• a lower oxygen deficit

• An increased utilization of FFA and sparing of muscle glycogen and glucose

• An improved acid-base balance

9. Discuss the “specificity” of exercise relative to the idea that the central cardiovascular training

Effect may not be a normal adaptation to aerobic training. Discuss the role of “central

Command” and “peripheral feedback” in these adaptations.

10. Describe the roles of neural factors and muscular enlargement in the increase in muscular

Strength that occurs with training; contrast hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Explain the specific

Muscle signals that result in muscle hypertrophy.

11. Discuss the effect of simultaneous strength and endurance training on the potential for

Interference with the expected gains due to each type of training alone. Explain how the

Adaptations to endurance training interfere with adaptations to strength training.

Study Questions:

1. Describe the difference between a single twitch and a sustained contraction. How are

sustained muscle contractions generated?

2. Describe the length-tension relationship of muscle? What does this mean in practical

terms?

3. Describe the force-velocity relationship of muscle? Give a practical example.

4. Explain the mechanism of action of the muscle spindle and the effect on muscle

tension development. Give an example of an action that would stimulate the muscle

spindle.

5. Explain the mechanism of action of the Golgi tendon organ and the effect on muscle

tension development. Give an example of an action that would stimulate the Give an

example of an action that would stimulate the muscle spindle.