POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATION 2
POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATION 2
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How does Police Use of Deadly Force Impact Police-Community Relation?
Student’s Name
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
National Institute of Justice. (2012). Police Use of Force
The article analyzes the use of excessive force by the police. The law enforcement officers are legally mandated to apply some degree of force to enforce arrest of hostile law breakers. However, the use of extreme force is not allowed. Should casualties occur during forceful law enforcement, then the injured suspects must be taken to hospital for medical care and their next of kin contacted. In the article, some underlying factors that initiate the use of extreme force by police are: level of technology involved, police-public relationship & image, the jurisdiction of these officers and the code of conduct governing the police force.
Bureau of Justice Statistics. Use of Force.
The article postulates the frequencies of excessive force used by the police in the United States annually. It defines force as the amount of effort required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling subject. The statistics prove that the rate of use of excessive force is dwindling with time. This can be based on better relations between the police force and the general public. The opinion extracts show that public confidence in the police is escalating with time.
Wihbey, J. (2014). Excessive or reasonable force by police? Research on law enforcement and racial conflict in the wake of Ferguson.
In the article, the author divides the public into groups (whites & black) and assesses the use of excessive police force on each segment. Statistics point that the crime rate was prevalent among the blacks than the whites resulting into excessive use of police forced exerted upon the blacks. Police are allowed to use a certain degree of force when subduing an individual during arrest under certain scenarios, but the law protects the citizens from the officers who cross the line and become extremely forceful. However, the figures of excessive police force are deteriorating due to the restoration of public confidence in the police force. The police hotlines numbers have served as restoration links to connect the public and the police force in terms of reporting crime and lodging complaints.
LawInfo. What to do if Police Use Excessive Force?
The article is written to provide guidelines to the public on police force safety behavioral conduct when under excessive force arrest. It engages in civic education by enlightening the public about the sequence of events from the time of crime, surrendering to police arrest and police detention. It affirms that even though the police are usually protected from suits, the offended citizen can sue them for use of excessive force leading to injury or death. Typically excessive force claims are brought under Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act of 1871, popularly called Section 1983 of the federal laws. The court will look at the details about the severity of the crime and whether you posed a threat to the police or fellow citizens. Tips provided to sustain claims of excessive police force are: good personal memory on the chronology of events during the arrest, photography of physical injuries, preservation of torn clothing and witnesses who were present as at the time of arrest using excessive force.
Wallentine K. (2007). How to ensure the use of force is “reasonable and necessary” and avoid claims of excessive force.
The publication provides diverse definitions of excessive force and details the boundaries within which it must be contained. The clauses of the Constitution relating to the use of excessive police force are quoted. It provides examples for scenarios in which the police force have the nod to apply excessive force.
References
National Institute of Justice. (2012). Police Use of Force.Retrieved on February 17, 2015 from http://www.nij.gov/topics/law-enforcement/officer-safety/use-of-force/pages/welcome.aspx
Bureau of Justice Statistics. Use of Force.Retrieved on February 17, 2015 fromhttp://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=703
Wihbey, J. (2014). Excessive or reasonable force by police? Research on law enforcement and racial conflict in the wake of Ferguson.Retrieved on February 17, 2015 fromhttp://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/criminal-justice/police-reasonable-force-brutality-race-research-review-statistics#
LawInfo. What to do if Police Use Excessive Force? Retrieved on February 17, 2015 from http://resources.lawinfo.com/personal-injury/police-misconduct/what-to-do-if-police-use-excessive-force.html
Wallentine K. (2007). Retrieved on February 17, 2015 from:How to ensure the use of force is “reasonable and necessary” and avoid claims of excessive force. http://www.policeone.com/legal/articles/1271618-How-to-ensure-use-of-force-is-reasonable-and-necessary-and-avoid-claims-of-excessive-force/
