Health Promotion and Risk Reduction Cultural Diversity and Community Nursing Environmental Health
Read chapter 4, 13, and 14 of the class textbooks and review the attached PowerPoint presentations. Once done answer the following questions;
- Discuss various theories of health promotion, including Pender’s Health Promotion Model, The Health Belief Model, the Transtheoretical Theory and the Theory of Reasoned Action.
- List and discuss health behaviors for health promotion and disease prevention.
- Apply and discuss the principles of transcultural nursing to community health nursing.
- Apply and discuss the basic concepts of critical theory to environmental health nursing problems.
As stated in the syllabus, present your assignment in an APA format word document, Arial 12 font attached to the forum in the discussion tab of the blackboard titled “Week 4 discussion questions,” and the SafeAssign exercise in the assignment tab of the blackboard which is a mandatory requirement. A minimum of 2 evidence-based references (besides the class textbook) are required. References can’t be more than five years old. You must post two replies on different dates to any of your peers sustained with the proper references no older than five years old and make sure the references are quoted properly in your assignment. You can’t post the replies on the same day, and I must see different dates in the replies to verify attendance.
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Order Paper NowThe assignment consists of 4 questions, please make sure you enumerate the questions on your assignment. An essay-style assignment won’t be accepted.
You must quote the references in the assignment; if not, it is considered plagiarism.
A minimum of 800 words is required (excluding the first and reference page). Please make sure to follow the instructions as given and use either spell-check or Grammarly before you post your assignment.
Chapter 14
Environmental Health
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Environmental Health Is …
… all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person and all the related factors impacting behaviors.
… encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health.
… targeted toward preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments.
– WHO (2013)
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Environmental Health
The purpose of environmental health is to ensure the conditions of human health and provide healthy environments for people to live, work, and play.
Accomplished through…
Risk assessment
Prevention
Intervention
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Using a Critical Theory Approach
Uses “thinking upstream” framework.
Raises questions about oppressive situations.
Involves community members in the definition and solution of problems.
Facilitates interventions that reduce health-damaging effects of environments.
Asks critical questions about clients’ work and home environments to help discern the contributions of specific hazards to health.
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Benefits of an Environmental Health History
Increased awareness of environmental/ occupational factors
Improved timelines and accuracy of diagnosis
Prevents disease and aggravation of conditions
Identifies potential work-related environmental hazards and/or environmental hazards in and around clients’ homes
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I PREPARE Environmental Exposure History
I – Investigate potential exposures
P – Present work
R – Residence
E – Environmental concerns
P – Past work
A – Activities
R – Referrals and Resources
E – Educate
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Figure 14-1
From U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Healthy People 2010, ed 2, Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Areas of Environmental Health
Built environment
Work-related exposures
Outdoor air quality
Healthy homes
Water quality
Food, safety, and waste management
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Built Environment
The connection between people, communities, and their surrounding environments that affects health behaviors and habits, interpersonal relationships, cultural values, and customs
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Built Environment: Examples
Drunk driving
Second-hand smoke
Noise exposure
Urban crowding
Technological hazards
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Work-Related Exposure
Poor working conditions that result in potential injury or illness
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Work-Related Exposure: Examples
Asbestosis
Asthma
Lung cancer
Agricultural accidents
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Outdoor Air Quality
The purity of the air and the presence of air pollution
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Outdoor Air Quality: Examples
Gaseous pollutants
Greenhouse effect
Destruction of the ozone layer
Aerial spraying of herbicides and pesticides
Acid rain
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Healthy Home
The availability, safety, structural strength, cleanliness, and location of shelter, and indoor air quality
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Healthy Home: Examples
Homelessness
Rodent and insect infestation
Poisoning from lead-based paint
Sick building syndrome
Unsafe neighborhoods
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Water Quality
The availability, volume, mineral content levels, toxic chemical pollution, and pathogenic microorganism levels
The balance between water contaminants and existing capabilities to purify water for human use and plant and wildlife sustenance
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Water Quality: Examples
Contamination of drinking supply by human waste
Oil spills in the world’s waterways
Pesticide or herbicide infiltration of ground water
Aquifer contamination by industrial pollutants
Heavy metal poisoning of fish
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Food Safety
Availability, accessibility, and relative costs of healthy food free from contamination of harmful herbicides, pesticides, and bacteria
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Food Safety: Examples
Malnutrition
Bacterial food poisoning
Food adulteration
Disrupted food chains by ecosystem destruction
Carcinogenic chemical food additives
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Figure 14-5
FDA food safety campaign:
Waste Management
The handling of waste materials resulting from industry, municipal processes, and human consumption as well as efforts to minimize waste production
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Waste Management: Examples
Use of nonbiodegradable plastics
Poorly designed solid waste dumps
Inadequate sewage systems
Transport and storage of hazardous waste
Illegal industrial dumping
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Waste Management: Examples (Cont.)
Nuclear facility emissions
Radioactive hazardous wastes
Radon gas seepage in homes and schools
Nuclear testing
Excessive exposure to x-rays
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Effects of Environmental Hazards
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Figure 14-6 From Environmental Protection Agency: Air Pollution and Health Risk. http://www.epa.gov/ttnatw01/3_90_022.html. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
Emerging Issues in Environmental Health
Environmental public health infrastructure
Natural disasters
Global climate change
Ozone depletion
Fossil fuel burning
Marine dumping
Active land mine abandonment in war-torn areas
Destruction of tropical rain forests
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Critical Community Health Nursing Practice
Approach environmental health at the population level
Take a stand; advocate for change
Ask critical questions
Facilitate community involvement
Form coalitions
Using collective strategies
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