A & P

Answer the following questions in the simplest form

The Cell Surface
32.    Describe the structure of a plasma membrane;
33.    Explain the function of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane;
34.    List the various functions of the proteins of the plasma membrane;
35.    List three cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) (or plasma membrane junctions) and explain their importance to the cell;
36.    Explain the concept of signal transduction (second-messenger system) and discuss its importance in the cell; and
37.    Describe the structure and functions of microvilli and cilia.

Membrane Transport
38.    Explain what is meant by a selectively permeable membrane and the fluid mosaic model;
39.    Define a gradient and how substances behave along a gradient;
40.    Differentiate between passive transport and active transport;
41.    List and differentiate among the various passive/active mechanisms for transporting material through the plasma membrane;
42.    Define membrane potential and explain the role of sodium/potassium anti-port pump;
43.    Define filtration and describe how it differs from other transport processes;
44.    Define tonicity and explain its importance;
45.    Define isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic; and
46.    Describe the cause and effects of hydrostatic and osmotic pressure.

The Cytoplasm
47.    List the organelles of a cell, describe their structure, and explain their functions;
o    Nucleus, rER, golgi apparatus (body), lysosome, sER, and mitochondrion;
48.    List three proteins that compose the cytoskeleton and describe their functions; and
49.    Give an example of a cell inclusion and explain how inclusions differ from organelles.