Unit 3 Discussion

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Unit 3 Discussion

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Is this Unusual?

In this discussion, you will explore probabilities within normal distributions and see how these probabilities can be useful in decision making. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is one variable that is known to have a normal distribution. Wright et al. (2011) provided systolic blood pressure statistics for the following ethnicities✝ and age groups:

****Attached Below****

 

*The referenced publication provided standard errors, which were converted to approximate standard deviations by multiplying the standard error by the square root of the sample size for the age/ethnic group, given in the technical notes of the publication.

✝We acknowledge that there are many more race/ethnicity groups than those listed in the table. These are simply the ones the researchers selected for comparison purposes at that time.

Wright, J. D., Hughes, J. P., Ostchega, Y., Yoon, S. S., & Nwankwo, T. (2011, March 25). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults aged 18 and over in the United States, 2001–2008. National Health Statistics Reports, Number 35. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhsr/nhsr035.pdf.

Watch the Unit 3 Discussion video in the LiveBinder for a demonstration of how to use Excel and the above table to complete this week’s discussion. You will do the following:

  1. Open a blank Excel worksheet. Go to cell A1 and type the following =RANDBETWEEN(82, 203), then press Enter. Make sure to start with an equal sign, and Excel should generate a random integer between the values of 82 and 203, inclusive. State your random value.
  2. From the table above, select one of the listed ethnicities to work with. State your selected ethnicity.
  3. Within your chosen ethnicity, select two age groups on which you would like to focus. State your two selected age groups.
  4. For the first ethnic/age group you selected, answer the following questions:
    1. Use the above table to find the mean and standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) for the group. State the mean and SD.
    2. If your random value from step 1 was the SBP of a person from this ethnic/age group, what would the corresponding z-score be (SHOW WORK)?
    3. Use technology to calculate the percentage of people in this group with SBP at or below this value. Paste a snip of the normal curve picture showing the corresponding shaded area into your post.
    4. Is this SBP unusual for this ethnic/age group? Explain.
  5. For the second ethnic/age group you selected, answer the following questions:
    1. Use the above table to find the mean and standard deviation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) for the group. State the mean and SD.
    2. If your random value from Step 1 was the SBP of a person from this ethnic/age group, what would the corresponding z-score be (SHOW WORK)?
    3. Use technology to calculate the percentage of people in this group with SBP at or above this value. Paste a snip of the normal curve picture showing the corresponding shaded area into your post.
    4. Is this SBP unusual for this ethnic/age group? Explain.
  6. Based on the z-scores and percentages you got in steps 4 and 5 of the discussion, is the SBP you randomly generated in Excel closer to the first ethnic/age group you selected, or is it closer to the second one? Explain.
  7. Suppose you took a sample of 40 people from the first ethnic/age group you selected. If your randomly generated SBP was the sample mean SBP of these 40 people, what would the z-score be (SHOW WORK)? Hint: Since this is a sample of SBPs, you will need to use the sampling distribution and corresponding z-score formula. Would this sample mean be unusual for your selected ethnic/age group? Explain.

How Do I write a Good Literature Review Paper?

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Literature Review and the Research Process

 

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Literature Review and the Research Process

A literature review is a critical element in any research or academic project. A literature review involves reviewing existing publications to understand a topic at hand. The review aims to fill in research gaps and add new knowledge to what is known regarding a particular research topic. The discussion will capture different elements of a literature review and its purpose in quantitative and qualitative studies and at homeworkhandlers.com, we help you on how to write a good literature review and all types of research papers and also guide you through the writing process to give you an AI-free A+ quality paper.

Why Do I Need to Do a Literature Review?

A literature review helps situate current research within the existing body of knowledge. This will help a person identify gaps that the study may focus on or expound on. The information gathered will also inform the study (University of South Carolina, 2019). The review further helps one identify key concepts and theories relevant to the research. This knowledge will help guide the study’s research design, data collection, and analysis. The third justification is that literature reviews increase familiarity with the topic under study (University of South Carolina, 2019). A researcher will be seen to know the study topic, enabling one to make informed decisions.

Type of Literature to Use in the Review

Using a wide range of resources for the literature review is essential. First, peer reviewed sources with different levels of evidence will provide credible evidence specific to the different areas of the topic under study. A study will leverage high-level evidence with more generalizability and reduced bias by focusing on random-control trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and literature reviews (Glasofer & Townsend, 2020). Having diverse sources increases the richness of the gathered information and the credibility of the final findings. I will also use diverse literature that supports and opposes the argument. This will reduce researcher and confirmation bias by selecting sources that support the argument, giving more validity to the study findings.

How to Do a Literature Search

A literature search should be systematic to capture every necessary and relevant step. The first step would be identifying pertinent keywords to the search topic. The second step would be to determine the databases and journals or websites to use (Mohamed Shaffril et al., 2020). The next step would be to refine the search process based on a specific criterion. For instance, an established publication date range, research methodology, and geographical location should be established. Using search engines that generate references and citations would also help ease the documentation of sources (Mohamed Shaffril et al., 2020). The search engines may also provide related sources with relevant information to inform the study.

How Do I Do a Literature Review?

The first step of a literature review is defining the research question, hypothesis, or objective. This will help determine the study’s scope and guide the research process. The next step is to review the literature using the techniques above (Mohamed Shaffril et al., 2020). One should then critically examine the selected sources by looking at the themes, strengths, limitations, and patterns that would fill in the gaps in research. It is also essential to examine the connections between the sources (Mohamed Shaffril et al., 2020). The literature should be well-organized, coherent, and have a logical flow of ideas.

What Makes a Successful Literature Review?

A successful literature review should be comprehensive, analytical, well-organized, and synthesized. It should have a range of relevant key concepts and theories related to the study topic. A researcher should also identify the strengths and limitations of research. There should be a clear structure and logical flow of ideas from one point to another (Mohamed Shaffril et al., 2020). The synthesis should further highlight connections for better interpretations.

A literature review should thoroughly examine existing research and other relevant sources to inform a study topic. It involves summarizing key findings, themes, and methodologies to determine whether gaps in research could be filled (University of South Carolina, 2019). A literature review is the foundation of knowledge, guiding the development of research questions, hypotheses, and methodology in the later phases.

Importance of Literature Review in Qualitative Research

Researchers can gain insights into existing publications to inform the studies conducted in the field of interest. Researchers can identify theories, themes, and patterns in the existing knowledge. Therefore, qualitative research can build up existing information by filling gaps or adding new data (University of South Carolina, 2019). The literature review will enable such studies to develop theories that would create new concepts to explain or refine the existing research in greater detail. Researchers can use the review to identify gaps they can study more to understand a phenomenon (University of South Carolina, 2019). After all, the current societal landscape is dynamic, and the world is evolving, bringing something new with every change.

Importance of Literature Review in Quantitative Research

Literature review in quantitative research further helps to establish theories and concepts to support empirical evidence. The University of South Carolina (2019) adds that a literature review on quantitative studies will also add empirical data to current studies for better analysis. Researchers can use the reviews to measure variables, identify trends, and employ research designs that have been effective in previous research. This review will help them refine their current study by understanding a topic under study in greater detail. On the other hand, researchers can identify gaps they can fill and provide further evidence to strengthen or challenge existing findings.

Conclusion

Literature review informs qualitative and quantitative research studies by providing a framework to work on. Researchers can use the review to design methodologies, develop research questions, identify gaps to fill, and refine existing research. The reviews strengthen or challenge existing knowledge while sparking interest in further research since there is more to learn.

References

Glasofer, A., & Townsend, A. B. (2020). Determining the level of evidence. Nursing Critical Care, 15(1), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ccn.0000612856.94212.9b

Mohamed Shaffril, H. A., Samsuddin, S. F., & Abu Samah, A. (2020). The ABC of systematic literature review: The basic methodological guidance for beginners. Quality & Quantity, 55, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01059-6

University of South Carolina. (2019). Literature review: Purpose of a literature review. Libguides.com. https://uscupstate.libguides.com/c.php?g=627058&p=4389968

 

Annotated Bibliography for OUD among adolescents

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Outcomes:

  • Practice building case management components
  • Practice motivational interviewing and other EBPs that are effective with young people.
  • Explore family dynamics through intervention, treatment and recovery processes
  • Adopt counselor wellness planning and implementation
  • And evaluate referral and treatment services for adolescents

Task:

An annotated bibliography on the articles selected for your final research paper will be due as your mid-term assignment. This assignment will cite and summarize a minimum of 3 scholarly peer reviewed sources, such as academic journal articles,  on the topic that you selected at the beginning of the course. This assignment must be written in APA format.

Students should provide a one to two paragraph summary of each of the journal articles selected, including a discussion of what type of research it was (Qualitative or Quantitative), what research methods were used, any key findings in the article, as well as any challenges with the data and any areas of additional research needed.

 

My topic is OUD and medication assisted treatment (MAT) with the adolescent. My professor is very particular on the references being scholarly peer reviewed journal articles. She wants the Doi number on the citation. I have used you many times before and most of the time this was never needed. I have a couple of articles already I will give you. This is just a community college, the class is SUD 250 Youth SUD Assessment Counseling. I am not a great writer, you will have to dumb it down or she will no I didn’t write it. I will probably be having you do the research paper for this if everything looks good.

Here is a couple of the articles I would like used.

   How marijuana is not a positive substitute for OUD

Here is how she wants it cited,

Jaffe, S. L. (2021). Case Reports on the Failure of Smoking Marijuana to Prevent Relapse to Use of Opiates in Adolescents/Young Adults With Opiate Use Disorder. Emerging Trends in Drugs, Addictions, and Health, 1, 100011–. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etdah.2021.100011

https://sbctc-yvc.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01STATEWA_YAKIMA/1s2cjg7/cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_2431807313

Monico, L. B., Ludwig, A., Lertch, E., Dionne, R., Fishman, M., Schwartz, R. P., & Mitchell, S. G. (2021). Opioid overdose experiences in a sample of US adolescents and young adults: a thematic analysis. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 116(4), 865–873. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15216

Please make sure I have access to the articles you choose. Let me know if you have any questions please

Unit one and 2 Discussions

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Using the Unit 1 Discussion Excel workbook, generate your random data set. The data set you create will represent the IQs of a sample of 30 people.Using the data set that you generated in Excel and the Data Analysis Toolpak (see the video on \”Adding the Data Analysis Toolpak\” in the LiveBinder), calculate the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, range, minimum, and maximum. Also, watch the video \”How to Make a Histogram in Excel\” (also in the LiveBinder) to help you make a histogram of these data, and then answer the following questions:

  1. Insert your descriptive statistics output from Excel within your response (see \”How to Use A Snipping Tool\” video in the LiveBinder).
  2. Insert your histogram from Excel within your response using the snipping tool.
  3. What do the following measures of center tell us about the IQs in the data set (be specific and include the values in your discussion – up to three decimal places): (i) mean (ii) median (iii) mode?
  4. Does the mean appear to be similar or different from the median? Why do you think that is so in the context of IQ scores?
  5. What is the standard deviation (give the actual value – up to three decimal places), and what does it tell us about the IQ scores in the data set?
  6. Describe the shape of the histogram and how it relates to the descriptive statistics you calculated. Be sure to express your thoughts in the context of IQ scores.
  7. How might the information in this IQ scores data set be useful, for example, to a teacher in a classroom? Can you think of any other applications for it?
  8. Make sure to attach the Excel file to your post.

Unit 2

Extending your work from the Unit 1 Discussion, you will now analyze and compare the IQs of three different samples. There are two Unit 2 Discussion videos in the LiveBinderto demonstrate the use of Excel for this discussion. In addition, you will use the Unit 2 Discussion Excel file to complete the following:

A.   Create the graphs: Follow the instructions in Unit 2 Discussion video: “Graphical Displays” to generate your three random sample datasets and copy and paste special to a new Excel workbook that you will save to your computer. In the new workbook, you will follow the video instructions to generate an appropriate graphical display for all three samples. Then you can use the snipping tool to copy and paste your graphs directly into the body of your discussion post.

B.   Describe the graphs:

a.    Shape: Describe the shape of the graph (skewness or symmetry) for each group and anything unusual that you see.

b.    Center: From the graphs, estimate the center of each group (median and mean) and order the three groups from smallest to largest center. Do you think the mean and median are similar in each group, or is there some group where you think the mean and median will differ? Explain your reasoning.

c.    Spread: From the graphs, estimate the spread of each group (range=max-min or IQR=Q3-Q1) and order the three groups from smallest to largest spread.

C.   Create numerical summaries: Follow the instructions in Unit 2 Discussion video: “Numerical Summaries” to generate descriptive statistics for each of the three groups. Then you can use the snipping tool to copy and paste your statistics directly into the body of your discussion post.

D.   Describe the numerical summaries:

a.    Center: Compare and contrast the central tendency (medians and means) of the three groups. Put them in order from smallest to largest center. Is this order what you expected based on your estimates in part B? If it differs, describe the differences.

b.    Spread: Compare and contrast the spread (range=max-min and standard deviation) of the three groups. Put them in order from smallest to largest spread. Is this order what you expected based on your estimates in part B? If it differs, describe the differences.

E.   Inference: Based on what you said in parts B and D, do all three of your sample groups seem like they could have come from the same population? Do any of the groups seem like they could have come from a different population? Explain your response using the statistics and graphs you generated. Make sure to attach your .XLS file to your post.