Case Study 13-19 Windy Fluffball, JD, PhD Discussion

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Case 13–19: Windy Fluffball, J.D., Ph.D.,

agreed to serve as an expert witness in a civil lawsuit that involved alleged wrongful termination of a clinical psychology graduate student from a doctoral program. Dr. Fluffball expounded on his years of teaching and membership on the National Psychological Society’s Education and Training Oversight Committee. On cross-examination, Fluffball was forced to admit that his doctorate was in physiological psychology, that he never had clinical training, that he never worked or taught in a clinical psychology program, that he was not licensed as a psychologist, and although he had recently won appointment to the Education and Training Oversight Committee of his professional association, he had yet to attend a single meeting.

Explain how Shapiro’s Alternate View of Addiction is a consequentialist approach to the problem.

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Write a short reflection statement (350-500 words) after reading Chapter 5. Use complete sentences and correct academic writing to complete this assignment.

Respond in writing to these items:

  1. Discuss the two prominent prohibitionists arguments that Huemer dismisses in his essay.  In your response, consider how an entity such as an insurance company might respond to Huemer’s dismissal.  What type of moral argument would the insurance company use?  Discuss.
  2. What do you think of Marneffe’s argument for the decriminalization of drugs?  Do you agree with his logic related to the problems of legalization?  Discuss.
  3. Explain how Shapiro’s Alternate View of Addiction is a consequentialist approach to the problem.  Discuss what he means by humans being “interpretative animals” in regard to each of the 3 components of the Alternative View.

Provide a brief explanation of cognitive dissonance.

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Social Cognitive Theory.html

Social Cognitive Theory

Cognitive theorists suggest that the interaction between an individual and the environment involves human beliefs and cognitive competencies that are developed and modified by social influences and structures within the environment. When we grasp the relationship between our environment and our behaviors, we are able to better predict our responses and future behaviors and, in turn, modify our behaviors.

A key figure in motivation is Albert Bandura. In 1977 he became dissatisfied with the way in which leading theories of the time (e.g., psychoanalysis, behaviorism) ignored the role of cognition in motivation. Hence, he developed the Social Cognitive Theory that places a clear emphasis on the way in which cognitive, personal, behavioral, and environmental factors interact to determine motivation and behavior (Crothers, Hughes, & Morine, 2008).

Within the theory, Bandura asserts, are four processes that lead a person to attain his goals: self-observation, self-evaluation, self-reaction, and self-efficacy. These components are interrelated and each has an effect on motivation and goal attainment (Redmond, 2010).

In short, Social cognitive learning Theory views motivation as a function of individuals’ thoughts rather than some instinct, need, drive, or incentive as examined by Freud, Hull, and Maslow. Through the lens of social cognitive learning theory, there are six motivational constructs that have been classified into three broad categories including individuals’:

  • perceptions about their ability to accomplish a task,
  • purposes or reasons for getting involved in a task and,
  • the techniques used to integrate information (King, 2012).

ANOVA Application And Interpretation

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Step 1: Write Section 1 of the DAA: The Data Analysis Plan

  • Name the variables used in this analysis and whether they are categorical or continuous.
  • State a research question, null hypothesis, and alternate hypothesis for the analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Step 2: Write Section 2 of the DAA: Testing Assumptions

Test for one of the assumptions of ANOVA – normality.

  • Create SPSS output showing the Shapiro-Wilk test of normality. Run the Shapiro-Wilk test on the dependent variable test for the entire sample. Do not split the data up by gender before running the normality test.
  • Paste the table in the DAA.
  • Interpret the Shapiro-Wilk test and how you determined whether the assumption of normality was met or violated.

Step 3: Write Section 3 of the DAA: Results and Interpretation

  • Paste the following SPSS tables into the document:
    • Descriptives table.
    • ANOVA table.
    • Multiple Comparison table.
  • Report the means and standard deviation of quiz3 for each group of the section variable.
  • Report the results of the F-test and interpret the statistical results against the null hypothesis and state whether it is accepted or rejected.
  • Finally, if the F is significant, interpret the post-hoc tests (multiple comparisons).

Step 4: Write Section 4 of the DAA: Statistical Conclusions

  • Provide a brief summary of your analysis and the conclusions drawn about this ANOVA.
  • Analyze the limitations of the statistical test and/or possible alternative explanations for your results.

Step 5: Write Section 5 of the DAA: Application

Analyze how you might use this statistical approach in your field for study.

  • Name an independent variable (the IV should have three or more groups/categories) and dependent variable that would work for such an analysis and why studying it may be important to the field of practice.

Submit your DAA Template as an attached Word document in the assessment area.