Define any needed key terms associated with the dilemma.

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Week 7 Assignment: Course Project Milestone – Final Paper

Submit Assignment

  • Due Feb 21 by 11:59pm
  • Points 100
  • Submitting a file upload

Required Resources

  • Read/ Textbook: Chapter 12
  • Lesson
  • Minimum of 5 scholarly sources (This includes the sources from the annotated bibliography. Additional sources may be included as appropriate.)

Instructions
Return to the topic you chose in the week three assignment. Articulate a specific dilemma in a situation faced by a particular person based on that topic. The situation can be real or fictional.

  • Summarize the dilemma.
  • Define any needed key terms associated with the dilemma.
  • Analyze the conflicts or controversies involved in the dilemma.

Revise and rewrite based on any feedback you received in your previous draft (week three). Reference and discuss any professional code of ethics relevant to your topic such as the AMA code for doctors, the ANA code for nurses, etc.  State whether and how your chosen topic involves any conflicts between professional and familial duties or conflicts between loyalty to self and loyalty to a community or nation.

What in your view is the most moral thing for that person to do in that dilemma? Why is that the most moral thing? Use moral values and logical reasoning to justify your answer

Next, apply the following:

  • Aristotle’s Golden Mean to the dilemma
  • Utilitarianism to the dilemma
  • Natural Law ethics to the dilemma

Which of those three theories works best ethically speaking? Why that one?

Why do the other two not work or not work as well?

Is it the same as what you said is the most moral thing earlier? Why or why not?

Use the 5 articles from your annotated bibliography to support your answers. (Additional academic scholarly research from the past 5 years can be included as well.)

Include a reference page at the end of your paper in APA format that includes your bibliography with the annotations removed and any other sources used in your final paper.

Writing Requirements (APA format)

  • Length: 4-5 pages (not including title page or references page)
  • 1-inch margins
  • Double spaced
  • 12-point Times New Roman font
  • Title page
  • References page (minimum of 5 scholarly sources)1

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    The Death Penalty

    Principles of Ethics

    Ethics 445 Professor Kristi Wilson January 20, 2021

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    The Death Penalty

    The topic of the death penalty has been debated over the years in an attempt to justify whether it should be legalized in U.S. states or not. The death penalty is a government-sanctioned taking of a person’s life for committing a capital crime (Desai & Garrett, 2018). The topic has attracted divergent opinions from different groups of people with supporting and others opposing it. It has often been used to punish serious crimes such as murder, arson, treason and drug trafficking among others (Desai & Garrett, 2018).

    Ethical Egoism

    Ethical egoists would support the death penalty by maintaining that the death penalty would protect them from suffering from the actions of capital offenders. Ethical egoists would support the legalization of the death penalty for their own selfish interests rather than communal interests. Ethical Egoism maintains that individuals’ moral obligations are accounted for by their own self-interests (Rachels & Rachels, 2019). Ethical egoists would justify their moral position by stating that individuals do not have to do something because they want to do it, rather because of their best-interests in the long-run. Supporters of the death penalty believe that it deters crime and this would be a strong perspective for the self-interests of ethical egoists. The deterrence effect of the death penalty prevents individuals from the harm of injury or death that arises from the actions of criminals and perpetrators of serious crimes.

    Conflict Between Loyalty to Self and to Community

    The conflict between loyalty to self and to the community would arise if an individual opposes the death penalty because the death penalty was imposed to prevent people from committing capital offenses by inflicting them with the harshest punishment. However, for those who support the death penalty, their self-interests benefit others. The deterrence effect of the death penalty protects the individual lives of the people as well as the welfare of the community. The subjective interests of individuals coincidentally help others as well.

    Best Course of Action

    The best course of action would be to stop the death penalty because individuals have a moral obligation to protect life. No crime can justify taking life from an individual since no one is capable of giving it back to any individual. The death penalty is punishing an individual for a crime with another crime.

    Social Contract Ethicist

    Social contract ethicists would say that the death penalty should be legalized to punish individuals who break the law through capital offenses. Social contract ethicists would support the use of the death penalty in the criminal justice system. Social contract ethicists would justify their moral position by stating that the state has authority over individuals and individuals are part of the decision made by the state (Rachels & Rachels, 2019). The government has the right to exercise power over individuals by making decisions that it deems right; thus, individuals should agree and obey what the state says. Social contract ethicists believe that the social contract theory helps states to avoid states of nature where there would be no courts, no police, no government, no laws and individuals would be looking to satisfy their self-interests. State authority prevents chaos that would arise when everyone tries to look out just for themselves.

    Collision Between Personal and National Obligations

    There is a collision between personal and national obligations because opposes of the death penalty feel that it is the duty of both individuals and the state to protect life and not to destroy it. By imposing the death penalty, the state is destroying the same life it is supposed to protect. The government is punishing individuals who fail to protect life and commit serious –crimes such as murder, by taking the lives of the criminals. Conflict arises when the government requires individuals to protect life and the government itself is causing harm to life.

    Best Course of Action 

    The best course of action is for the government to avoid the death penalty since it destroys life because it has a moral obligation to protect the life of its citizens and not to cause harm. The death penalty causes harm rather than protecting life. Instead, the state can adopt alternative punishments that do not cause harm to life.

    Professional Code of Ethics 

    The American Nurses Association (ANA) released a position statement to address the topic of the death penalty acknowledging that registered nurses (RNs) and other health care professionals have been involved in the execution of the death penalty, where lethal injection is used. ANA maintains that nurses should not participate in the execution of the death penalty to a prisoner, and goes ahead to oppose the death penalty.

    ANA opposes nurses’ participation in the execution of the death penalty either directly or indirectly since the death penalty is viewed as a violation of the ethical traditions and fundamental goals of the nursing profession (Potera, 2017). ANA opposes the use of the death penalty to prosecute criminals and considers the action to be unacceptable, inhuman and cruel. The ANA Code of Ethics requires the nursing profession to take a stance against actions that do not respect the dignity of individuals. ANA opposes the death penalty due to the overwhelming evidence that question the fairness of the death penalty and its effectiveness in deterring serious crimes (Potera, 2017). ANA recommends that the nursing profession should be committed to the delivery of care, preserve the rights and dignity of individuals, preserve the trust of the people, and adhere to the ethical principles of fidelity, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.

    References

    Desai, A., & Garrett, B. L. (2018). The state of the death penalty. Notre Dame Law Review, 94, 1255. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tndl94&div=35&id=&page=

    Potera, C. (2017). ANA expands opposition to capital punishment. The American Journal of Nursing, 117(6), 13. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NAJ.0000520235.99148.4d

    Rachels, S., & Rachels, J. (2019). The elements of moral philosophy (9th ed.). Mcgraw-Hill Education.

Describe the role of multicultural competencies in assessing and treating this client.

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Select a case from the case studies provided.

Consider the questions listed after the case study.

Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word analysis of the case. Include the following:

  • Describe the role of multicultural competencies in assessing and treating this client.
  • Explain the client’s needs as they relate to diversity.
  • Describe strategies to support client advocacy related to these needs.
  • Describe how these identified needs influence strategies and processes for the prevention, assessment, intervention, treatment, and relapse of substance-related and addictive disorders.
  • Explain why there may be possible legal and ethical issues while counseling this client.
  • Describe what these legal and/or ethical issues may entail.

Include a minimum of 5 sources.

Format your paper according to APA guidelines.

  Title

ABC/123 Version X

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  Case Study Analysis

CCMH/561 Version 3

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University of Phoenix Material

Case Study Analysis

Case Study Overview

One of the best ways to learn is by using a dramatic experience, followed by reflective analysis. Case studies are designed to help counselors examine situations carefully, make initial assessments, and formulate hypothetical treatment plans. Case studies provide an appreciation of the complexity of assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. It is a way to determine if the knowledge and skills the students are studying can be applied in a hypothetical case setting.

The cases themselves are composites of actual client cases or events. All the names of the actual cases have been changed, and only first names are used. Any relationship to actual people or events is purely coincidental.

Read the case studies individually and then discuss your reactions and interpretations with your Learning Team members.

Keys to Reading and Analyzing Case Studies

· Read and interpret only the given information. Do not make up information not found in the case study text. If the case states someone is drinking alcohol, do not imply they are also doing cocaine if it has not been mentioned elsewhere.

· Use only the given information. If you think a question was not asked, you can say, “I would want to ask him or her,” but do not fill in their answer.

· Realize there may be no definitive or correct answer, but there may be some responses that are more appropriate than others based on the limited information provided.

· Think of the person in each case as a real client sitting in front of you asking for help, and approach the case from several levels. View each case from the different course-related etiological perspectives you have been studying and consider the different clinical issues that might be involved.

· Think about other resources and referrals this person and his or her family members might require.

· Determine if there are other risk factors or other information that could be dangerous to the client, family members, or others.

· Remember that an initial diagnosis or assessment and treatment plan can only be based on what is presented and determined at any given time and may likely need to be revised over time.

Case Studies

Case 1: Alan

Alan is a 25-year-old African American Army veteran who is introducing himself to you at the Veterans Hospital. He has been back home for 3 months after returning from his second 1-year tour of duty in Iraq, where he was in an infantry company in charge of maintaining security for local citizens. Alan was wounded in an explosion, and his lower right leg was amputated. He is awaiting final disability designation and benefits, and is getting increasingly frustrated. Alan is proud of his service, but finds it hard to show his feelings to others. He reports pain and PTSD symptoms, including nightmares, flashbacks, irritability, and anger. He is on prescription pain medication and antidepressants. Alan reports he is drinking more “as needed.” He is married and living with his wife of 3 years and their 2-year-old son. He reports his wife “doesn’t understand the pain I am in physically or psychologically.” Alan is not working and is worried about how he will provide for his family.

Questions

· What would be your initial diagnostic impression of this case?

· What risk factors and behaviors are present in this case?

· What individual and family interventions might need to be considered?

· What type(s) of treatment settings and strategies may be needed?

· What cultural, ethnic, or special population factors may play a role in Alan’s treatment planning?

· Assuming Alan has a diagnosable substance-use disorder, what specific challenges may need to be addressed to maintain recovery and avoid relapse?

· What specific roles could or should healthcare providers, businesses, schools, and organizations play in Alan’s assessment, intervention, and treatment?

· What specific client advocacy, current public policy discussions, or ethical or legal issues may be related to this case study?

Case 2: Allison

Allison is a 17-year-old Caucasian woman who is introducing herself to you at a drop-in runaway shelter. She dropped out of school 3 months ago and left home 1 month ago after repeated issues with her parents. Allison was staying with various friends on a night-to-night basis until a week ago when she started “crashing with my new girlfriend.” Allison reports she is a lesbian and left home because her father has been physically and sexually abusive to her. She reports her mother is a drunk and would not do anything about her father’s abuse. Allison, who has a history of alcohol and drug use that she is reluctant to share, came to the shelter after getting into a fight with her girlfriend and has no money.

Questions

· What would be your initial diagnostic impression of this case?

· What risk factors and behaviors are present in this case?

· What individual and family interventions might need to be considered?

· What type(s) of treatment settings and strategies may be needed?

· What cultural, ethnic, or special population factors may play a role in Allison’s treatment planning?

· Assuming Allison has a substance-use disorder, what specific challenges may need to be addressed to maintain her recovery to avoid relapse?

· What specific roles could or should healthcare providers, businesses, schools, and organizations play in Allison’s assessment, intervention, and treatment?

· What specific client advocacy, current public policy discussions, or ethical or legal issues may be related to this case study?

Case 3: Tommy

Tommy is a 45-year old Caucasian male who ruptured a disc in his back while at work over five years ago. After failing to improve through physical rehabilitation, Tommy received a spinal fusion surgery which joined two of his vertebrae together. After Tommy’s injury he received a prescription for a acetaminophen/hydrocodone at 300 mg/5 mg. However. Tommy indicated that his pain levels continued to escalate. His prescription was increased to 300 mg/7.5 mg after 6 months. Post surgery, Tommy continued to complain of escalating pain and his prescription was increased to 300mg/10mg.

At one year post surgery, Tommy continued to request increases in his prescription and his physician determined that Tommy had developed an opioid dependence. The physician refused to increase the prescription and referred Tommy to a substance abuse provider. Instead of seeking help, Tommy began to look for ways to supplement his prescription. He discovered that he was able to purchase heroin and that the injections provided him with pain relief. Tommy began with 300 mcg dosages of heroin injected into his body but quickly increased the dosages and his dependence upon the drug.

Eventually Tommy became homeless and was arrested for breaking and entering. He has been referred to you for a mandated substance abuse assessment from the courts. Tommy has been living in a shelter. He reported using heroin three times per day and that his last injection was 12 hours ago.

Questions

· What would be your initial diagnostic impression of this case?

· What risk factors and behaviors are present in this case?

· What individual and family interventions might need to be considered?

· What type(s) of treatment settings and strategies may be needed?

· What cultural, ethnic, or special population factors may play a role in treatment planning?

· Assuming Tommy has a substance-use disorder, what specific challenges may need to be addressed to maintain her recovery to avoid relapse?

· What specific roles could or should healthcare providers, businesses, schools, and organizations play in Tommy’s assessment, intervention, and treatment study?

· What specific client advocacy, current public policy discussions, or ethical or legal issues may be related to this case study?

Case 4: James

James is a 28-year-old Native American who has been referred to you for a mandated substance abuse assessment from the courts. He was arrested for the manufacturing and sale of methamphetamine, and is awaiting sentencing in the county jail. James works as a laborer at the Native American-owned casino, but lives off the reservation. He is very uncooperative and suspicious. James says he drinks, but does not use meth and reports he was “set up by some rednecks who hate Indians.” His court records indicate 2 arrests for drinking and driving and 3 investigations, but no convictions for domestic violence. James lives with a woman and her two young children. He also has three children of his own, ages 5, 8, and 10, from 2 women he rarely sees, although he says he does care about them.

Questions

· What would be your initial diagnostic impression of this case?

· What risk factors and behaviors are present in this case?

· What individual and family interventions might need to be considered?

· What type(s) of treatment settings and strategies may be needed?

· What cultural, ethnic, or special population factors may play a role in James’ treatment planning?

· Assuming James has a substance-use disorder, what specific challenges may need to be addressed to maintain his recovery to avoid relapse?

· What specific roles could or should healthcare providers, businesses, schools, and organizations play in James’ assessment, intervention, and treatment?

· What specific client advocacy, current public policy discussions, or ethical or legal issues may be related to this case study?

Case 5: Jose

Jose, a 45-year-old Mexican man referred to you by his minister, was recently arrested for possession and distribution of cocaine and marijuana. Jose presents himself as remorseful, embarrassed, and scared. He has no legal immigration status and little money. He was let go by the landscape company he was working for 6 months ago when there was no work. Jose admits he used pot and cocaine when he was working. Jose was later arrested after he agreed to help a friend of a friend set up a deal to make some money. He is married and has 3 children, ages 18 to 25, who are in the area but do not live with him. His wife is very religious and involved with the church, and Jose agreed to talk to the priest and do whatever he recommended. He is fearful of going to prison and being deported.

Questions

· What would be your initial diagnostic impression of this case?

· What risk factors and behaviors are present in this case?

· What individual and family interventions might need to be considered?

· What type(s) of treatment settings and strategies may be needed?

· What cultural, ethnic, or special population factors may play a role in Jose’s treatment planning?

· Assuming Jose has a substance-use disorder, what specific challenges may need to be addressed to maintain his recovery to avoid relapse?

· What specific roles could or should healthcare providers, businesses, schools, and organizations play in Jose’s assessment, intervention, and treatment?

· What specific client advocacy, current public policy discussions, or ethical or legal issues may be related to this case study?

Copyright © XXXX by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2016 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.

What impact does toddlers’ more advanced play with toys have on the development of attention?

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Assignment: 

Essay: Write a 800-1600 word essay addressing each of the following questions. Be sure to completely answer all the questions. Separate each section in your paper with a clear heading that allows your professor to know which question you are addressing in that section of your paper. Support your ideas with at least three (3) citations in your essay. Make sure to reference the citations using the APA writing style for the essay. The cover page and reference page do not count towards the minimum word amount.

  1. Provide an example of classical conditioning, of operant conditioning, and of habituation/recovery in young infants. Why is each type of learning useful?
  2. Using examples, explain why intermodal perception is vital for infants’ developing understanding of their physical and social worlds.
  3. Cite evidence that motor development is a joint product of biological, psychological, and environmental factors.
  4. Using the text discussion on pages 153-157, construct an age-related list of infant and toddler cognitive attainments. Which ones are consistent with Piaget’s sensorimotor stage? Which develop earlier than Piaget anticipated?
  5. What impact does toddlers’ more advanced play with toys have on the development of attention?
  6. Why is the social-interactionist perspective attractive to many investigators of language development? Cite evidence that supports it.
  7. Why do many infants show stranger anxiety in the second half of the first year? What factors can increase or decrease wariness of strangers?
  8. How do genetic and environmental factors work together to influence temperament? Cite several examples from research.

The Big Five Personality Test

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The Big Five Personality Test

How true is each of the following characteristics in describing me?

Interpretation:

Scale O: Openness to Experience [high score of 34](curious versus consistent). People with high scores are described as adventurous, daring, imaginative, and variety loving.

Scale C: Conscientiousness  [high score of 34] (organized versus careless). People with high scores are described as well organized, scrupulous, responsible, and reliable.

Scale E: Extroversion   [second highest score of 33](social versus reserved). People with high scores are described as outgoing, sociable, friendly, and people oriented.

Scale A: Agreeableness   [third highest score of 32](compassionate versus contentious). People with high scores are described as good-natured, considerate, cooperative, and kind.

Scale N: Neuroticism  [lowest score of 22](nervous versus calm). People with high scores are described as anxious, emotional, temperamental, and highly strung.

Case Study:

Your CEO is looking for someone to head up the Potato-Smashing department. This person must be highly critical, and a bit pessimistic. They also need to be dutiful and willing to follow instructions at all cost. High attention to detail, and more focus on the tasks of potato smashing than the people doing the smashing! Potato smashing is a big deal. In the city of Spud, mashed potatoes make up 45% of the GDP; and Potatoes ‘R’ Us is a monopoly. The CEO needs to see your Big Five Personality scores, and a brief explanation as to why you are, or are not a good fit.

Based on your Big Five Personality scores, and what you know from the readings, would you make a good fit for the new Manager of Potato Smashing role?

Be sure to do the following:

  1. Report how you scored for each scale. (Listed above)
  2. Explain how you would interpret each score.
  3. Provide an overall conclusion of why you are or are not a good fit for the case study.

GUIDELINES

  • Length: 1.5-2 pages (not including title page or references page)
  • 1-inch margins
  • Double spaced
  • 12-point Times New Roman font
  • Title page
  • References page (minimum of 1 scholarly source in addition to your textbook… Manning. (2021). ISE EBOOK ONLINE ACCESS FOR THE ART OF LEADERSHIP (Sixth ed.). New York, NY: MCGRAW-HILL US HIGHER ED.)