Consider the information discussed in Ch. 7 regarding the three indicators of health: life expectancy, infant mortality, a
Running head: HEALTH INDICATORS BY STATE & GENDER 1
HEALTH INDICATORS BY STATE & GENDER 5
Health Indicators by State & Gender
TEAM A
PSY/450
April 25, 2016
Health Indicators by State & Gender
Intro explaining statistics found on life expectancy, infant mortality, and subjective well-being of females in Maryland, Oklahoma, Texas, and North Carolina, and males in Texas.
Texas
According to Matsumoto & Juang (2013), life expectancy is an average calculated from birth to death, infant mortality is a calculation of 1 year old or younger deaths per every 1000 live births, and subjective well being is defined as a person’s happiness, self image of health, and life satisfaction. In Texas, males have an average life expectancy of 76.4 years of age if born between 1981 and 2010 (Center for Disease Control, 2016). Infant mortality rate for Texas, as of 2012, was 5.82 (Center for Disease Control, 2016).
Females in Texas
Life expectancy of the whole population in Texas is 78.45 that of the male is 76.01 while for the female is 80.84 years. There had been an increase in life expectancy in Texas due to improved health care services and increased in sources of income especially for older people with the introduction of social security funds. Women live longer than men in Texas because women don’t mostly participate in manual labor like men. Infant mortality has decreased from 7.6 in 1996 to 5.8 in 2014 as a result of improved health care services, adequate parental care and improved maternal health in Texas. Women have lower subjective well-being in Texas because they get poor salaries despite becoming breadwinners nowadays, they are paid 77 cents for every one dollar a man makes.
Maryland – Baltimore/Washington Tristate Area
According to Brown (2012), data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington, life-expectancy can vary living in and around the Baltimore-Washington tristate area. Within the District, life expectancy from 2009 report for females was 79.6 and in Montgomery County, Maryland, life expectancy was 85 years for women. Those living in the Baltimore area, life expectancy for women was 76.5. Interestingly, life expectancy living in the Washington tristate area, from 1989 to 2009, went up 6.1 years for black women and only 4.2 years for white women. According to Brown (2012), the increase of diabetes from obesity and lung cancer from smoking seems to be some of the reasons behind these statistics. (“Life Expectancy Varies Widely in the Washington Area”, para 4-6, 9) As a whole, in the state of Maryland life expectancy for women is 81.27 according to Maryland Life Expectancy (2009). According to Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Vital Statistics Administration (2014), infant mortality rate of 6.5 per 1,000 live births slight decline from 2013 rate of 6.6. According to DHMH Maryland (2014), some of the leading causes of infant deaths were (SIDS) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, low birth weight, maternal complications of pregnancies, congenital abnormalities, and problems with the placenta, membranes and cord. (“Maryland Vital Statistics: Infant Mortality in Maryland, 2014”, para 1 and 6)
According to Inglehart (2002), there are significant differences between genders when it comes to subjective well-being. Women under 45 years of age, seem to be happier than men, but older women seem to be less happy. (“Gender, Aging, and Subjective Well-Being”, abstract) Maryland, according to Bernardo (2015), overall ranking (i.e. non gender specific) was 24th in comparison to the other states. “Emotional and Physical Well-being” ranked 12; “Work Environment” ranked 47; and “Community, Environment and Recreational activities” ranked 13. (“2015’s Most and Least Happy States in America”) According to Visit Maryland.org (2015), whether in the spring, summer, fall or winter, there is plenty to do, in order to get away from the high pressured jobs and commuter traffic, (e.g. beautiful beaches, lakes, mountains, entertainment and foods from various cultural cuisines). (“Maryland Facts”) All of these beautiful places has placed and ranked Maryland 24th, when compared to other states in the country.
North Carolina
According to Janet Colm (2015), women in North Carolina are dying younger than their mothers. Colm (2015) states, life expectancy is becoming worse for women in more than half of the counties in North Carolina. “In 1985, women lived 7 years longer than men; today it’s less than 5 years” (Colm, 2015). In North Carolina, the county that a woman live in may determine their life expectancy as well. According to Buescher and Gizlice (2002), life expectancy at birth in white females is 75.6 years and average life expectancy at birth in white females is 79.6 years, 75.8 years for minority females. A few factors have been identified and they are smoking, jobs, education, and prescription painkillers. “North Carolina’s infant mortality rate has remained relatively consistent over the past 5 years (the lowest in the state’s history). 7.1 babies died in 2014 for every 1,000 born alive” (North Carolina Healthy Start Foundation, 2015).
Oklahoma
In Oklahoma, women who are heavy alcoholic drinkers, drug abusers, who are obese or those that live in poverty have a lower life expectancy. Women who are physically active, eat a healthy diet and those who visit their primary care physician will have a longer life expectancy. Your health alters your life expectancy. If you take better care of your body, the longer you are said to live. Oklahoma has calculated the age of women in general and have found that the life expectancy is decreasing over the years. According to “Healthdata” (2015), “women, over 25% of all counties, have been found to only live 78.1 years.”
References
Bernado, Richie (2015). 2015’s Most and Least Happy States in America. Retrieved from https://wallethub.com/edu/most-least-happy-states-in-america/6959/
Brown, David (2012). The Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/life-expectancy-varies-widely-in-the-washington-area/2012/04/19/gIQAjShVWT_story.html
Buescher, P. A., & Gizlice, Z. (2002). Healthy life expectancy in North Carolina, 1996-2000.SCHS Studies. Retrieved from http://www.schs.state.nc.us/schs/pdf/schs-129.pdf
Center for Disease Control (2016). Retrieved from www.cdc.gov .
Colm, J. (2015). North Carolina Women Are Dying Young. Retrieved from www.womenadvancenc.org/2015/06/19/north-carolina-women-are-dying-young/
Inglehart, Ronald (October 2002). Gender, Aging and Subjective Well-Being. International
Journal of Comparative Sociology, 43(3-5), 391-408. doi: 10.1177/002071520204300309.
Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Vital Statistics Administration (2014). Maryland Vital Statistics Infant Mortality in Maryland, 2014. Retrieved from http://dhmh.maryland.gov/vsa/Documents/imrrep14_draft%201.pdf
Maryland Life Expectancy (2009). Maryland Life Expectancy Female. Retrieved from http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/usa/maryland-life-expectancy-by-county-female
Matsumoto, D., & Juang, L. (2013). Culture and Psychology (5th ed.). Retrieved from
The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.
North Carolina Healthy Start Foundation. (2015). Infant mortality in North Carolina. Retrieved from http://www.nchealthystart.org/mortality-in-north-carolina/
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2013). OECD guidelines on measuring subjective well-being. Paris: OECD.
Pol, L. G., & Thomas, R. K. (2013). The demography of health and healthcare. Dordrecht: Springer.
Visit Maryland.org (2015). Maryland Facts. Retrieved from
http://www.visitmaryland.org/info/maryland-facts
(Matsumoto & Juang, 2013)
In-Text Citation
Insert the paraphrased material (Matsumoto & Juang, 2013).
According to Matsumoto & Juang (2013), Insert the paraphrased material ().
“Insert the quotation” (Matsumoto & Juang, 2013).A
nd subjective well-being.
Determine what these indicators are for each state and gender within your Learning Team.
Create a visual representation of each culture using graphs in Microsoft® Word, Excel®, or another program. You can view some examples of visual representations on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention website.
Consider what factors may contribute to the differences found in your results.
Discuss these results in 350 to 700 words.
Submit your discussion and visual representation.
The assignment is to be in a word document not a PowerPoint. So you need a title, works cited, double spaced, etc. For the assignment it is best to break it up the following way
Intro: preview the main points of paper; here you will discuss what states (represented by your team members) you are focusing on. You can also briefly define each health indicator.
Life Expectancy: define indicator, state the stats for each state, then discuss why you think the stats are that way. Explain why there are differences or why they are the same. Place your graph/chart under this paragraph
Make sure your charts and graphs are properly labeled (X and Y axis) and have a key.
Do the same for infant mortality and subjective well-being
Conclusion review main points. Briefly state the results for life indicators.
