Using the CogLab CD accompanying your course textbook, complete the levels-of-processing experiment and create a report on the experiment.

In your report, write a brief introduction of the experiment explaining the levels-of-processing framework. Next, in the Methods section, describe the process that you followed to complete the experiment. Make sure to include enough information so that others can also perform the same experiment successfully.

Finally, describe the experimental results in all the three conditions. In addition, identify the condition where you performed the best and the worst. Provide a rationale explaining why the results differed in all the three conditions. Summarize your report, including answers to the following questions:

• Were the results in accordance with your expectations? Provide a rationale to support your answer.
• Did anything about the experiment surprise you? If yes, what?
• What factors would influence the results of the levels-of-processing experiment?
  

  Levels of Processing

  What methods did we employ in this experiment?

  There were two parts to this experiment. In Phase I, you were given a word and a judgment task. There were three types of judgments. The first type of judgment (letters) was to decide if the word had a particular pattern of consonants and vowels. The second type of judgment (rhyme) was to decide if two words rhymed. The third type of judgment (synonym) was to decide if one word was a synonym of another. In Phase II, you saw a series of words, half of which had been shown in Phase I. For each word, you were asked to indicate if it had been shown in Phase I. The independent variable in this experiment was the level of processing induced by the judgment task: shallow (the letters task), medium (the rhyme task), and deep (the semantic task). The dependent variable was the proportion of times the word was correctly recognized as being in Phase I.

  What do we predict participants will do? Why?

  People should correctly recognize more words with the deep processing task and fewer words with the shallow processing task. The reason is that on a standard word recognition task, most people use semantic information as a cue to retrieval, and the type of processing most appropriate for a semantically-driven task is also semantic processing at test.

  How robust is this effect? Are there limits to this effect?

  The effect is quite robust and is not limited to recognition tests. However, the effect can be altered if the test is changed. For example, if the test asked you whether there was a word on the list that rhymed with a particular test item, you would do better for those items you made a rhyme judgment on in Phase I than the items that you processed deeply.

  Results for chicquila cox on May 14, 2015 6:32:29 PM EDT

  Data summary for experiment Levels of Processing.

  Accuracy on the recognition test as a function of the study condition in Phase I. The expected result is that recognition accuracy will show a levels of processing effect, with best performance for the deep task (synonyms) and worst performance for the shallow task (letters). Lure recognition is correct classification of an item not presented in Phase I.

  Data summary

  Condition/Task	Proportion Correct
  Letter Recognition	0.55
  Rhyme Recognition	0.6
  Synonym Recognition	0.9
  Lure Recognition	0.76666665

  Trial-by-trial data

  The Condition column describes the judgment task during Phase I. Here ‘lure’ means the item was not shown during Phase I. The study response and study accuracy columns indicate the response and accuracy of the response during Phase I. The recognition response and recognition accuracy columns correspond to the responses during the Phase II word recognition.

  Trial	Condition	Study Response	Study Accuracy	Recognition Response	Recognition Accuracy
  1	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  2	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  3	synonym	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  4	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  5	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  6	letter	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  7	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  8	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  9	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  10	letter	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  11	letter	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  12	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  13	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  14	rhyme	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  15	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  16	rhyme	N	1.0	N	0.0
  17	rhyme	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  18	rhyme	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  19	letter	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  20	synonym	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  21	synonym	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  22	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  23	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  24	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  25	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  26	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  27	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  28	letter	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  29	rhyme	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  30	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  31	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  32	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  33	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  34	rhyme	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  35	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  36	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  37	letter	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  38	letter	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  39	rhyme	N	1.0	N	0.0
  40	rhyme	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  41	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  42	letter	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  43	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  44	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  45	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  46	synonym	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  47	rhyme	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  48	rhyme	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  49	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  50	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  51	synonym	N	0.0	Y	1.0
  52	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  53	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  54	rhyme	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  55	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  56	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  57	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  58	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  59	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  60	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  61	letter	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  62	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  63	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  64	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  65	rhyme	N	1.0	N	0.0
  66	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  67	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  68	synonym	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  69	letter	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  70	letter	N	1.0	N	0.0
  71	letter	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  72	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  73	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  74	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  75	rhyme	N	1.0	N	0.0
  76	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  77	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  78	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  79	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  80	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  81	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  82	synonym	Y	0.0	Y	1.0
  83	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  84	rhyme	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  85	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  86	rhyme	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  87	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  88	rhyme	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  89	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  90	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  91	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  92	rhyme	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  93	synonym	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  94	synonym	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  95	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  96	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  97	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  98	letter	N	1.0	N	0.0
  99	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  100	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  101	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  102	letter	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  103	rhyme	Y	0.0	Y	1.0
  104	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  105	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  106	lure	–	0.0	Y	0.0
  107	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  108	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  109	letter	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  110	letter	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  111	rhyme	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  112	letter	N	1.0	N	0.0
  113	letter	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  114	synonym	Y	1.0	Y	1.0
  115	letter	Y	1.0	N	0.0
  116	letter	N	1.0	N	0.0
  117	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  118	rhyme	N	1.0	Y	1.0
  119	lure	–	0.0	N	1.0
  120	synonym	N	1.0	Y	1.0

Assignment Instructions

Provide a clear and concise answer to each question below making sure to address each part of the question (if the problem requires you to perform calculations by hand, you must show work). Then, submit the file (appropriately named) with your answers through the assignment link in this course space. Do not attach SPSS data and output files, copy and paste them into this assignment.

1. A psychologist is examining the educational advantages of a preschool program and suspects that there will be significant differences in achievement based on preschool attendance. Twenty-four randomly selected 4th grade children are used in the study. Half attend a preschool program and half do not. Each child’s achievement score is given below. Make sure to use the appropriate t-test for this analysis!

   Preschool: 8, 6, 8, 9, 7, 9, 6, 9, 8, 9, 7, 8
   No Preschool: 6, 5, 7, 6, 8, 5, 7, 5, 6, 7, 5, 6

   1. What is the null and alternative hypothesis (in symbols) for this t-test? (1 point)
   2. Use SPSS to calculate the appropriate t-test statistic, be sure to include your SPSS output for the t-test and descriptive statistics below. Is the t-test significant? (2 points)
   3. State your conclusion in APA format. (2 points)
2. A manager would like to know if the performance of sales representatives significantly improves over the first 6 months of employment. For 5 new sales representatives, the number of sales in the first month is recorded and the number of sales in the sixth month is recorded. The sales numbers at the 1^st and 6^th month are given below. Make sure to use the appropriate t-test for this analysis!

1. 1. What is the null and alternative hypothesis (in symbols) for this t-test? (1 point)
   2. What is the critical value for this t-test (α = .05)? (1 point)
   3. Calculate the appropriate t-test statistic (by hand) and determine if it is significant (α = .05) (2 points)
   4. State your conclusion in APA format. (1 point)
2. A researcher expects that there is a significant difference in pay for public employees in State A compared to State B. Public employees in State A are paid an average of μ = $12.50 an hour. Just over the border in State B, summary statistics on wages are not available, but a random sample of 4 public employees (This is too small of a sample, but I do not want to make this too time consuming either) are paid the wages below. Make sure to use the appropriate t-test for this analysis!

   $8 $8 $16 $8

   1. What is the null and alternative hypothesis (in symbols) for this t-test? (1 point)
   2. What is the critical value for this t-test (α = .05)? (1 point)
   3. Calculate the appropriate t-test statistic (by hand) and determine if it is significant (α = .05) (2 points)
   4. State your conclusion in APA format. (1 point)
      Is the pay for workers in State B significantly different from the pay in State A?

1. A literacy expert is trying to institute a new program for improving reading scores of people who are incarcerated. The expert finds pairs of inmates who are matched on their IQ scores and then randomly assigns one member of each pair to receive the new reading program and the other member of each pair to watch TV for the same amount of time. At the end of the program all the inmates in the study are given a reading exam. The data are:

1. 1. What is the null and alternative hypothesis (in symbols) for this t-test? (1 point)
   2. Use SPSS to calculate the appropriate t-test statistic, be sure to include your SPSS output for the t-test and descriptive statistics below. Is the t-test significant? (2 points)
   3. State your conclusion in APA format. (2 points)