Provide a response to the following questions.

Note: Each team member should compute the following questions and submit to the Learning Team forum. The team should then discuss each team member’s answers to ascertain the correct answer for each question. Once your team has answered all the questions, submit a finalized team worksheet.

1. Two boats, the Prada (Italy) and the Oracle (USA), are competing for a spot in the upcoming America’s Cup race. They race over a part of the course several times. The sample times in minutes for the Prada were as follows: 12.9, 12.5, 11.0, 13.3, 11.2, 11.4, 11.6, 12.3, 14.2, and 11.3. The sample times in minutes for the Oracle were as follows: 14.1, 14.1, 14.2, 17.4, 15.8, 16.7, 16.1, 13.3, 13.4, 13.6, 10.8, and 19.0. For data analysis, the appropriate test is the t test: two-sample assuming unequal variances.

The next table shows the results of this independent t test. At the .05 significance level, can you conclude that there is a difference in their mean times? Explain these results to a person who knows about the t test for a single sample but who is unfamiliar with the t test for independent means.

 

Hypothesis Test: Independent Groups (t test, unequal variance)

 

Prada

Oracle

 

12.170

14.875

mean

 

1.056

2.208

std. dev.

 

10

12

n

 

16

df

 

-2.7050

difference (Prada – Oracle)

 

0.7196

standard error of difference

 

0

hypothesized difference

 

-3.76

 t

 

.0017

 p-value (two-tailed)

 

-4.2304

confidence interval 95.% lower

 

-1.1796

confidence interval 95.% upper

 

1.5254

margin of error

 

2. The Willow Run Outlet Mall has two Haggar Outlet Stores, one located on Peach Street and the other on Plum Street. The two stores are laid out differently, but both store managers claim their layout maximizes the amounts customers will purchase on impulse. A sample of 10 customers at the Peach Street store revealed they spent the following amounts more than planned: $17.58, $19.73, $12.61, $17.79, $16.22, $15.82, $15.40, $15.86, $11.82, $15.85. A sample of 14 customers at the Plum Street store revealed they spent the following amounts more than they planned when they entered the store: $18.19, $20.22, $17.38, $17.96, $23.92, $15.87, $16.47, $15.96, $16.79, $16.74, $21.40, $20.57, $19.79, $14.83. For data analysis, a t test: two-sample assuming unequal variances was used.

At the .01 significance level, is there a difference in the mean amount purchased on an impulse at the two stores? Explain these results to a person who knows about the t test for a single sample but who is unfamiliar with the t test for independent means.

 

Hypothesis   Test: Independent Groups (t test,   unequal variance)

 

Peach Street

Plum Street

 

15.8680

18.2921

mean

 

2.3306

2.5527

std. dev.

 

10

14

n

 

20

df

 

-2.42414

difference (Peach Street – Plum Street)

 

1.00431

standard error of difference

 

0

hypothesized difference

 

-2.41

 t

 

.0255

 p-value (two-tailed)

 

-5.28173

confidence interval 99.% lower

 

0.43345

confidence interval 99.% upper

 

2.85759

margin of error

 

3. Fry Brothers Heating and Air Conditioning, Inc. employs Larry Clark and George Murnen to make service calls to repair furnaces and air conditioning units in homes. Tom Fry, the owner, would like to know whether there is a difference in the mean number of service calls they make per day. Assume the population standard deviation for Larry Clark is 1.05 calls per day, and 1.23 calls per day for George Murnen. A random sample of 40 days last year showed that Larry Clark made an average of 4.77 calls per day. For a sample of 50 days, George Murnen made an average of 5.02 calls per day. At the .05 significance level, is there a difference in the mean number of calls per day between the two employees? What is the p-value?

 

Hypothesis   Test: Independent Groups (t test,   pooled variance)

 

Larry

George

 

4.77

5.02

mean

 

1.05

1.23

std. dev.

 

40

50

n

 

88Â

df

 

-0.25000

difference (Larry – George)

 

1.33102

pooled variance

 

1.15370

pooled std. dev.

 

0.24474

standard error of difference

 

0

hypothesized difference

 

-1.02

 t

 

.3098

 p-value (two-tailed)

 

-0.73636

confidence interval 95.% lower

 

0.23636

confidence interval 95.% upper

 

0.48636

margin of error

For this exercise, you will choose one of the psychological experiments listed at the bottom of these instructions.  These are experiments that have already been conducted and published.  Several are “classic” experiments in social psychology of which you should already be aware.  You will read the published article carefully and then you will take the knowledge gleaned from the article to complete the IRB application AS IF you were the Principal Investigator applying for approval to conduct the study.

For some of the questions included on the application, you may need to “stretch” your knowledge a bit.  For example, the published article may say that college students were given extra credit for participation, but may not go into a lot of detail regarding the process used to recruit those students.  In such a situation, you may need to use your imagination to fill in some blanks.

In addition, please remember that the goal here is to put yourself in the principal investigator’s shoes at the time that he/she conducted the experiment.  If the experiment was conducted in the 1970s, for example, remember that the standards for human experimentation were different back then.  Answer the questions as the investigator WOULD have answered them (based upon what you read about the experiment), not as they SHOULD have answered them based upon today’s ethical standards.

All assignments will be submitted through APUS’ plagiarism checker, turnitin.com, so be sure to cite your references in APA formatting as appropriate.

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Please choose ONE of the following experiments to read:

1.  The Milgram Obedience Study:  Found on pp. 27-40 in Readings About The Social Animal, 11th Edition.

2.  The Stanford Prison Experiment:  Original article available at the following: http://www.zimbardo.com/downloads/1973%20A%20Study%20of%20Prisoners%20and%20Guards,%20Naval%20Research%20Reviews.pdf

3.  Deindividuation and Anger-Mediated Interracial Aggression:  Unmasking Regressive Racism:  Found on pp. 341-356 in Readings About The Social Animal, 11th Edition.

4.  Arbitrary Social Norms Influence Sex Differences in Romantic Selectivity:  Found on pp. 568-579 in Readings About The Social Animal, 11th Edition.

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Assignment Instructions (Please complete both #1 and #2 below)

1.         After carefully reading your article, please complete the attached document.  You will complete the second half of the Mock IRB Application in Part 2 of this assignment in a later week in the semester.  The attached document is editable, so please place your responses directly into the document.  Be sure to save the document on your hard drive and then upload it into the slot for the assignment.

2.         After completing the Mock IRB Assignment-Part 1, please answer the following questions in a 3-page Word Document (.docx format) and upload as an attachment to the slot for the assignment.

a.         What was the most challenging section of the Mock IRB Application-Part 1 to complete?  Why was it challenging?

b.         Were there any sections of the Mock IRB Application-Part 1 that you felt the authors of your article did not adequately address (either in terms of not doing it or not addressing it in their write-up of their Method/Procedure)?

c.          If you were actually the Principal Investigator of this study, what might you do differently in order to adequately address all the questions asked on Part 1 of this Mock IRB Application?

d.         How do you think ethical standards have changed (if at all) since the Principal Investigator of your chosen study filled out his/her own IRB Application?