Bshs 437 National Policies On Aging Programs

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Select a national policy on aging from Exhibit 2.1 “A National Policy on Aging: Selected Historical Highlights” in Ch. 2 of Community Resources for Older Adults. After selecting a policy, identify one local community-based program that provides support services related to this policy.

 

Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper discussing the relevance of the community program and the services it provides in relation to national policies on aging.

 

Answer the following questions in your paper:

 

  • What are the demographic characteristics of the older adults using the services?
  • How do these demographic characteristics influence the services?
  • What is the historic relevance of this program in regards to how older adults benefit from it?
  • How do psychosocial theories relate to the selected services?

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology by

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Major Approaches to Clinical Psychology by

Destiny Guy

Dec 1,2014

Instructor: Amy McCall

Depressive Disorder

A depressive disorder is an illness that involves the

body,

mood,

and thoughts.

It affects the way a person eats and sleeps, the way one feels about oneself, and the way one thinks about things. A depressive disorder is not the same as a passing blue mood. It is not a sign of personal weakness or a condition that can be willed or wished away (Right Diagnosis, 2014).

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Depressive Disorders

Finding the underlying causes of depression can be encouraged through the psychodynamic approach of free association;

 

allowing the patient to explore past events

 

and feelings in safe boundaries.

With unipolar depression there are biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and sociocultural treatments and medication based treatments; whereas, lithium therapy dramatically has affected treatment for bipolar disorders. Although finding the correct lithium dosage is a delicate process, once obtained reports indicate more than 60 percent of patients with mania show improvement (Comer, 2005)

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Approach

 

 

Behavioral approaches guide patients:

-consider engaging in pleasurable events and reward positive rather than negative behaviors.

 

 

 

Cognitive therapy helps patients :

-recognize maladaptive and negative processes to improve mood and

– behaviors though increased activity, challenging negative thoughts, identifying negative thinking and biases, and changing primary attitudes

Sociocultural treatment suggests clarifying and changing one’s interpersonal problems will lead to recovery through either interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) or couple therapy. Regardless of the approach taken it is shown that combining the different treatments have a much greater effect on recovery.

 

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Medication

Antidepressant drugs (e.g. MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and second-generation antidepressants) are a typical biological treatment for depressive disorders; although, for severe cases electroconvulsive (ECT) therapy may be used.

Treatments for different mood disorders can vary depending on the severity and intensity of the symptoms. Antidepressant drugs (e.g. MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and second-generation antidepressants) are a typical biological treatment for depressive disorders; although, for severe cases electroconvulsive (ECT) therapy may be used.

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Treating the Disorder

The low serotonin level could also explain the depression phrases.

 

The sodium ions within our bodies send message down to the nerve ending,

 

Doctors believe that the improper transport of these ions may cause problems. (Comer 2005)

Cyclothymic disorder is when a person is marked by numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depression times. (Comer 2005) Some doctors believe that the change in neurotransmitters is what causes the disorder. (Comer 2005)

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Treatment

Psychotherapy is another form of treatment for bipolar disorders however it is said to rarely work alone without the help of medication.

 

There have been a few theories that suggest that patients that have bipolar disorder have a better chance of treatment depending on how many episodes they have had. (Berk et al, 2011)

 

The studies suggest that early intervention is the best way to go about treatment and patients should seek help as soon as they notice a change in the regulation of one’s mood. (Berk el al, 2011) .

Bipolar disorders have also been linked to genetics as some doctors found that some chromosomes carry the genes of the disorder. (Comer 2005) Treatments for bipolar disorder includes Lithium, which is a mineral that helps reduces mania and some depression by changes in the synaptic activity in neurons. Lithium seems to affect the second messages by changes within the chemicals. (Comer 2005)

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Be Aware of Signs

 

They have many different symptoms of mania however some include,

decreased need for sleep,

more talkativeness, distractibility,

increased inactivity and inflated self esteem.

Behaviorally the person is very active however cognitively they are very poor in the judgments and planning. (Comer 2005) Someone who is diagnosed with bipolar disorder needs to be in there mania phase for at least one week and display three or more symptoms of mania, they may have delusions as well. (Comer 2005) There are two different types of bipolar, bipolar 1 and 2. Bipolar 1 is when the person has full mania and major depressive episodes, and bipolar 2 are when the person has mild mania and major depression periods. (Comer 2005).

 

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Continued….

Many people want to deny that a chemical imbalance exists

there are studies of the bipolar brain showing imaging that points to a chemical imbalance of the brain.

It is not fully understood exactly how you become Bipolar, but like Unipolar it can be inherited, and handed down to from generation to generation

 

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What Does this mean as far as Outcomes in Treatment?

Outcomes include:

Improved adherence with treatment,

improved health outcomes,

enhanced member satisfaction,

optimized use of resources,

financial cost savings, effectiveness in addressing gaps in care,

and adherence with process policies

Involves measuring and reporting defined clinical, operations, and financial results, to validate effectiveness and continuously improve the program.

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References

Berk, M., Brnabic, A., Dodd, S., Kelin, K., Tohen, M., Malhi, G. S., & … McGorry, P. D. (2011). Does stage of illness impact treatment response in bipolar disorder? Empirical treatment data and their implication for the staging model and early intervention. Bipolar Disorders, 13(1), 87-98. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00889.x

 

 

Comer, R. J. (2005). Fundamentals of abnormal psychology (4th ed.). New York, NY: Worth.

 

 

Ertel, K. A., Rich-Edwards, J. W., & Koenen, K. C. (2011). Maternal Depression in the United States: Nationally Representative Rates and Risks. Journal Of Women’s Health (15409996), 20(11), 1609-1617. doi:10.1089/jwh.2010.2657

 

 

Right Diagnosis (2014). Depressive Disorders. Retrieved from http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/depressive_disorders/intro.htm on November 30,2014

 

 

 

Shivani, R., Goldsmith, J., & Anthenelli, R. M. (2002, November).

Comparing And Contrasting The MMPI And The Rorschach Inkblot Technique

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Controversy surrounds the validity of certain personality tests, including the Rorschach Inkblot Test.  Pundits argue that the Rorschach test results in over-identifying mental problems and is unreliable and invalid. Scholars in favor of the Rorschach test argue that it is one piece of evidence in the whole battery, and criticisms are unfounded or controllable.

Compare and contrast the use of the Rorschach, a projective measure, with the MMPI, an objective measure. Construct a scenario, and present both sides of the argument, where the Rorschach test could be used to help and to hurt the individual being tested. How might a clinical interview influence the interpretation of test results for each? Would you need to make any special accommodations if you were testing an 8 year old? 16 year old? 85 year old? If so, describe and explain. If not, justify your answer.

Search for at least 1 reference that discusses the validity concerns of personality tests. You can use relevant Web sites or journal articles in your argument to comment on the sources of validity, but make sure that they are from reputable Web sites and print sources such as the AU online library, or information from.org, .net, or .edu sites as opposed to .com. Please avoid Wikipedia.

Your paper should be double-spaced and in 12 point, Times New Roman or Arial font with normal one-inch margins, written in APA style, and free of typographical and grammatical errors.  It should include a title page with a running head and a reference page. The body of the paper should be between 3-5 pages in length.

Select a neurological, psychological, or neurodevelopmental disorder.

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Select a neurological, psychological, or neurodevelopmental disorder.

Write a 2,450- to 3,500-word paper comparing and contrasting three therapeutic interventions used to treat this disorder. Compare measures of effectiveness, such as validity, efficacy, symptom and behavior management, and recidivism. One therapy should be cognitive in nature, one should be pharmacological in nature, and the third should be an alternative therapeutic treatment.

Identify common symptoms associated with your disorder and rates of symptom reduction or management as reported with the three treatments. Based on your research, what would be your approach to treating the condition? Identify which treatments you would use. Explain why.

Analyze the neurophysiological underpinnings of diseases and disorders.
Examine contemporary attitudes toward the three treatments you selected.
Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Include 7 to 10 peer-reviewed sources.
Click the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.