COMMENT IJEOMA

I NEED A POSITIVE COMMENT BASED IN THIS ARGUMENT..BETWEEN 100-120 WORDS

Choose one legislator on the state or federal level who is also a nurse, and discuss the importance of their role as advocate for improving health care delivery. What specific bill(s) have they sponsored or supported that has/have influenced health care?

Congressman Diana Black, representing Tennessee’s 6th Congressional district. She practiced as a nurse for 40 years.

It is important to have a nurse represented in the house, where laws and policies are passed, because an insider who knows the needs of nurses and healthcare system would be passionate to vote and advocate for the healthcare. There are millions of topics been discussed in the house on state and federal levels, but healthcare issues are very important, because health is universal, everyone use the healthcare system. It is very crucial for a nurse to be part of lawmaking process, not only to speak out for the nurses and make a positive impact on nursing profession, but also as a role model to other nurses, aspiring nurses to go for legislative positions where they can be part of change-making process in the society; which could be beneficial to the patients.

Black supported the passing of Increased   Telehealth Access to Medicare Act, this bill increases access to telehealth services for Medicare Advantage users, in this age of technology, health care access is made easier and affordable using technology. Telehealth focuses on the use of innovative technology for the convenience of patients and caregivers to enhance the quality of care while saving money for both Medicare program and the patients (Black, 2017). This service enhances access to healthcare and reduces the number of in-patient visit to healthcare providers, covered by traditional Medicare plans under the current law (Black, 2017)

Reference

Black. D (2017) Committee Votes to Increase Telehealth Access for Medicare Enrollees. Health. Retrieved September 25th. From https://black.house.gov/media/press-releases/committee-votes-increase-telehealth-access-medicare-enrollees

Define the political economies of a low income & high income countries and describe how governments impact global public health, both positively and negatively?

Social Policy & Global Health

Chapter 6

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Key Ideas

A nation’s political and economic structures help shape the way social services including health care are delivered

Nations commonly are grouped according to the way they pay for social services

Democracy plays an important role in health but some authoritarian governments also maintain good health among their people

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Traditional Policy Making Cycle

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Problem presented

 

 

Solution proposed

 

 

Proposal accepted

 

 

Policy implemented

 

 

Policy monitoring & modification

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Policy Development Considerations

Policy environment: cultural, legal, and political context in which policies are made

Solutions sometimes proposed before problem is clearly defined

Even with accurate cost-effectiveness data decisions may not be data-based

Window of opportunity often relevant

More similar to program evaluation

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Defining the Problem

First step in policy making

Role of burden of disease analysis

May be challenging to quantify in marginalized or mobile populations (selection bias)

Making private issues public

Domestic violence

Media coverage, public attention

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Program/Policy Evaluation

Program should be based on causal evidence

Cost-effectiveness analyses are helpful but usually not stand alone

Politically powerful constituents can influence decisions

Risk and risk perception are important, and prediction is challenging

Balance of objective data and narrative interpretations

Health may be secondary to other goals (e.g., economy) for decision-makers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Measurement Issues

Selection bias: people included in the study do not represent the underlying population of interest

Randomized controlled trials: the exposure of interest is assigned to participants at random

Reduces confounding

Sensitivity analysis: limiting the analysis to a specific group of people or definition of exposure/outcome to see if findings hold

Can be used to calculate upper and lower bounds

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Political Economy & Health

Economies reflect the allocation of resources within society

Political economy: how political and economic institutions interact in a given environment

Market socialist countries tend to provide social services directly through government agencies

Corporatist states typically provide social services in collaboration with associations

Local politics and social norms influence how social services are delivered

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Political Economy & Health: Low & Middle Income Countries

Typically governments are challenged to provide social protections and services

Low income, low tax revenue

Informal workers may get few or no services

Formal: government jobs

Colonial histories may have contributed to underdeveloped institutions

Services not for locals, civil wars

Clinton & Blair “third way”: markets exist but social programs are emphasized

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Three Forms of Social Democracy in Low & Middle Income Countries

Feature Radical Social Democratic Classical Social Democratic “Third Way”
Unit of organization Class Entire society Individual or society
Social goals Equity Solidarity, growth Market-based growth
Social policies Universal entitlements, redistributive policies Universal policies, no eligibility requirements Means-tested benefits, accessible education, poverty reduction
Benefit levels Traditionally high, now variable Pretty high universally Fairly low but with subsidies
Example countries Kerala, West Bengal Costa Rica, Mauritius Chile, Uruguay

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Health-Optimizing Social Policies

State understands the needs of the population

Well organized state with multilevel communication, adequate resources, and strong infrastructure

A robust civil society to demand some distribution of new wealth

A history of competition, compromise, accountability, and feedback

A strong political party with health sector allies to coordinate efforts and lead program development

Medical Coding Corrections

HIT205, Advanced Medical Coding Scenarios

 

Research project number (38166400)

 

 

Part 1

Review each of the following medical coding scenarios. Assign the ICD-10-CM codes for the diagnoses indicated in each scenario. Also assign the ICD-10-PCS code if any procedures are performed, unless otherwise indicated.

 

1. A 61-year-old female patient is seen for a complaint of severe heartburn, lightheadedness, skin reddening, and shortness of breath. The physician renders a diagnosis of GERD, sickle cell anemia, lymphangitis, and diaphragmatic paralysis. What code(s) should be assigned?

ICD-10: K21.9, D57, I89.1, J98.6 Comment by Joyce, Barbara: -1Incorrect I-10 code missing digit D57._

 

2. A 37-year-old patient comes in complaining of swollen joints and headaches. The physician’s diagnosis is SLE. The patient also has rheumatoid arthritis and asthma with status asthmaticus. What code(s) are assigned?

ICD-10: M32.9, M06.80, J45.902 Comment by Joyce, Barbara: -3.5Incorrect I-10 code digits M32._ _ / M06._

 

3. A 52-year-old patient is seen for mouth pain, knee pain, and fluid buildup in the chest. The physician renders a diagnosis of pulp degeneration, old disruption of the posterior cruciate ligament, and pleural effusion. The physician also performed a chest tube insertion (draining the right pleural cavity with a drainage device using a percutaneous approach) prior to diagnosing the patient’s pleural effusion. What diagnosis and procedure code(s) are assigned?

ICD-10: K04.2, M23.50, 0W9930Z, J90

 

4. A 30-year-old male is admitted to the hospital with lymphadenitis, acute lymphoid leukemia in relapse, and von Willebrand disease. What code(s) are reported?

ICD-10: I88.9, C91.02, D68.0

 

5. A 47-year-old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident. He was driving on the highway when his car collided with another vehicle. He was brought to the hospital with a lower arm injury. The physician obtained an x-ray of the arm and, after careful review and interpretation of the x-ray, rendered a diagnosis of lower arm fracture. The physician repaired the arm fracture using open reduction and internal fixation (reposition of the right radius with internal fixation using a percutaneous endoscopic approach). What diagnosis and procedure code(s) are reported?

ICD-10: S52.91XA, 0XQD4ZZ Comment by Joyce, Barbara: -4Missing two other I-10 codesIncorrect I-10 procedure code digits 0_ _ _4_Z

 

Part 2

Review each of the following medical coding scenarios. Assign the CPT code for the services and procedures indicated in each scenario.

1. A 48-year-old male patient comes to the emergency room with complaints of GERD. The physician performs a laparoscopic fundoplasty with a Collis gastroplasty. What CPT code(s) should be assigned? CPT: 43280, +43338 Comment by Joyce, Barbara: -2.5One incorrect cpt code digits 43_ _ _

 

2. A 40-year-old female patient is diagnosed with cervical cancer. She also complains about difficulty breathing. She is admitted to the hospital, where the physician begins to perform a bronchoscopy after anesthesia administration. However, the procedure is discontinued due to unforeseen complications. Later the same day, a bilateral cervical lymphadenectomy is performed to address the patient’s cervical cancer. What CPT code(s) are assigned?

CPT: __31635 -74, 38720 -50 Comment by Joyce, Barbara: -2.5One incorrect cpt code digit with incorrect modifier316_ _ – _ _

 

3. A 50-year-old patient is admitted for a repair of a laceration to the diaphragm resulting from an accident involving a bus that ran into a ditch. She also received eight trigger point injections into the transverse abdominus muscle due to pain resulting from the accident. What CPT code(s) are assigned? CPT: 39501 , 20552

 

4. A 23-year-old patient comes to the emergency room after being physically assaulted by her boyfriend. She complains of nasal pain and bleeding from the left nostril. The physician obtains an x-ray of the nasal cavity, and the x-ray confirms a nasal septum fracture. The physician performs an open treatment of the nasal fracture with a concomitant open treatment of the fractured septum. What CPT code(s) should be assigned?

CPT: 21335

 

 

5. A 33-year-old patient is seen in the emergency room due to complaints of headaches and congestion. The final diagnosis is maxillary sinus infection. The physician performs a nasal endoscopy with a maxillary antrostomy. She also removes some tissue from the maxillary sinus. What CPT code(s) should be assigned?

CPT: 31267

 

Part 3

Review each of the following medical coding scenarios. Assign the HCPCS code(s) required for each coding scenario. 1. A 49-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital for repair of an ankle fracture. On the day of discharge, the physician prescribes a dynamic ankle extension and flexion device with a soft interface material. The ankle device is adjustable. What HCPCS code(s) are assigned?

HCPCS: E1815

 

2. A 26-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with acute exacerbation of allergic asthma. During the course of the hospitalization, the patient received 5 mg of omalizumab administered subcutaneously. What HCPCS code(s) are assigned?

HCPCS: J2357

 

3. A 58-year-old patient is admitted to the hospital due to severe anemia. He receives six units of fresh frozen plasma on the first day of admission. What HCPCS code(s) should be assigned?

HCPCS: Comment by Joyce, Barbara: -5incomplete

 

4. A 26-year-old patient comes to the emergency room complaining of watery diarrhea for five days. She receives 25 mcg of octreotide acetate administered intravenously. What HCPCS code(s) are assigned? HCPCS: J2354

 

5. A patient is brought to the emergency room after ingesting a bottle of verapamil as a suicide attempt. The physician ordered 10mg of glucagon HCL to be administered as an antidote mixed in 100 ml of D5W in an IV over 2 minutes. What HCPCS code(s) should be assigned?

HCPCS: J1610

 

Part 4

Review the following medical coding scenario. Assign all of the ICD-10 and CPT codes for the diagnoses and procedures indicated in the scenario. After being evaluated by his gastroenterologist, Mr. Jackson was sent to the hospital for a diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy. He is having several symptoms that indicate a potential gastrointestinal condition. As a result, he was admitted in observation. His symptoms include vomiting, weight loss, and dysphagia. The esophagogastroduodenoscopy reveals that the patient has low-grade Barrett’s esophagus, GERD with reflux esophagitis and a non-obstructing hiatal hernia. Patient was also incidentally diagnosed with Crest Syndrome (CRST), which correlates with his complaint of dysphagia. After the procedure, the patient was noted to have several PVC’s on his EKG. These resolved shortly after the patient arrived in the recovery room. Based on the results of the detailed history, detailed, exam, and straight forward medical decision making, it was decided that the patient could be discharged home on the same day with instructions for a follow up office appointment in 2 days. Code this scenario.

ICD-10: ___ODJ08ZZ_________________________________________________

CPT: ______43233-43270______________________________________________ Comment by Joyce, Barbara: -25Highlighted codes and/or digits are incorrectMissing five I-10 codesMissing one E/M code with modifierIncorrect cpt code digit 4323_

Discuss The Difference Between Prospective And Retrospective Payment System.

  1. Please discuss the difference between prospective and retrospective payment system.
  2. Please identify and describe three payment reform initiatives in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
  3. Will there ever be (in your opinion) an acceptable solution for providing Health-Care Insurance to all?
  4. Do you feel it is acceptable to expect “the haves” to provide Health care Benefits for the “have nots” through the expansion plans for Medicaid?
  5. Is there a necessity for patient education with respect to insurance, both for private and government coverage? How should a patient education program be structured and delivered?

Please use 12pt, double spaced to answer the question with at least 2 sources no older than 5 years