Discussion: Suicide Prevention Program Components

In every forensic treatment setting, the forensic psychology professional must be aware of the role that suicide prevention plays in the larger system inside and outside forensic institutions. Both incarcerated offenders and individuals awaiting sentencing pose potential suicide risks. In addition, offenders on probation or parole may exhibit an increased risk of self-harm. Often, suicide risk is increased in the forensic setting because of factors ranging from shame and guilt to mental illness or fear. Suicide prevention is one of the most critical functions that a forensic treatment practitioner has in any forensic treatment setting.

Even though staff members in jails and prisons work hard at reducing suicides, people still choose to end their lives when they are in forensic treatment settings. Although some of these individuals suffer from pre-existing mental health conditions, many do not. Forensic treatment practitioners should be leaders and advocates for suicide prevention efforts in their forensic settings. In addition to basic policy knowledge, the savvy forensic psychology professional needs to be aware of local, state, and national efforts to reduce the instances of attempted and completed suicides in forensic treatment settings.

To prepare for this Discussion:

· Think about the components of suicide prevention and intervention approaches and programs. Consider the efficacy of these approaches and programs. Reflect on which of these components are important in forensic treatment settings.

· Select two components of suicide prevention and intervention approaches and programs that you think are important in forensic treatment settings, and consider why.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 3

Post a brief description of two components of suicide prevention and intervention approaches and programs that you think are important in forensic treatment settings, and explain why you think they are important.

Choi, N. G., DiNitto, D. M., & Marti, C. N. (2019). Suicide decedents in correctional settings: Mental health treatment for suicidal ideation, plans, and/or attempts. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 25(1), 70-83. 

Gottfried, E. D., & Christopher, S. C. (2017). Mental disorders among criminal offenders: a review of the literature. Journal of Correctional Health Care, 23(3), 336-346.

Johnson, M. E. (2017). Childhood trauma and risk for suicidal distress in justice-involved children. Children and Youth Services Review, 83, 80-84.

Lamberti, J. S. (2016). Preventing criminal recidivism through mental health and criminal justice collaboration. Psychiatric Services, 67(11), 1206-1212.

Mulay, A. L., Vayshenker, B., West, M. L., & Kelly, E. (2016). Crisis intervention training and implicit stigma toward mental illness: Reducing bias among criminal justice personnel. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 15(4), 369-381.

Vandevelde, S., Vander Laenen, F., Van Damme, L., Vanderplasschen, W., Audenaert, K., Broekaert, E., & Vander Beken, T. (2017). Dilemmas in applying strengths-based approaches in working with offenders with mental illness: A critical multidisciplinary review. Aggression and violent behavior, 32, 71-79.

Discussion: Treatment Of Substance Use Disorders

Of the substance disorders, alcohol-related disorders are the most prevalent even though only a small percentage of individuals actually receive help. Recidivism in the substance treatment world is also very high. As research into treatment has developed, more and more evidence shows that genes for alcohol-metabolizing enzymes can vary by genetic inheritance. Women have been identified as particularly vulnerable to the impacts of alcohol. Native Americans, Asians, and some Hispanic and Celtic cultures also have increased vulnerability to alcohol misuse.

Even with these developments, treatment continues to spark debate. For many years, the substance use field itself has disagreed with mental health experts as to what treatments are the most effective for substance use disorders and how to improve outcomes. The debate is often over medication-assisted treatment (MAT) versus abstinence-based treatment (ABT). Recently the American Psychiatric Association has issued guidelines to help clinicians consider integrated solutions for those suffering with these disorders. In this Discussion, you consider your treatment plan for an individual with a substance use disorder.

To prepare: Read the case provided by your instructor for this week’s Discussion and the materials for the week. Then assume that you are meeting with the client as the social worker who recorded this case.

Post a 300- to 500-word response in which you address the following:

  1. Provide the full DSM-5 diagnosis for the client. Remember, a full diagnosis should include the name of the disorder, ICD-10-CM code, specifiers, severity, and the Z codes (other conditions that may need clinical attention). Keep in mind a diagnosis covers the most recent 12 months.
  2. Explain the diagnosis by matching the symptoms identified in the case to the specific criteria for the diagnosis.
  3. Describe the assessment(s) you would use to validate the client’s diagnosis, clarify missing information, or track her progress.
  4. Summarize how you would explain the diagnosis to the client.
  5. Explain how you would engage the client in treatment, identifying potential cultural considerations related to substance use.
  6. Describe your initial recommendations for the client’s treatment and explain why you would recommend MAT or ABT.
  7. Identify specific resources to which you would refer the client. Explain why you would recommend these resources based on the client’s diagnosis and other identity characteristics (e.g., age, sex, gender, sexual orientation, class, ethnicity, religion, etc.).

 

Required Readings

Morrison, J. (2014). Diagnosis made easier (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Chapter 15, “Diagnosing Substance Misuse and Other Addictions” (pp. 238–250)

American Psychiatric Association. (2013r). Substance related and addictive disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: Author. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm16

Gowin, J. L., Sloan, M. E., Stangl, B. L., Vatsalya, V., & Ramchandani, V. A. (2017). Vulnerability for alcohol use disorder and rate of alcohol consumption. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(11), 1094–1101. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16101180

Reus, V. I., Fochtmann, L. J., Bukstein, O., Eyler, A. E., Hilty, D. M., Horvitz-Lennon, M., … Hong, S.-H. (2018). The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the pharmacological treatment of patients with alcohol use disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(1), 86–90. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.1750101

Stock, A.-K. (2017). Barking up the wrong tree: Why and how we may need to revise alcohol addiction therapy. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1–6. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00884

Discussion: Treatment of Substance Use Disorders

Psychology Essay 4

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Psychology Twelfth Edition

Chapter 5 Body Rhythms and

Mental States

 

 

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Biological Rhythms: The Tides of

Experience

• LO 5.1.A Define circadian rhythms, and explain

how the body’s “biological clock” works (and what

happens when it doesn’t).

• LO 5.1.B Explain why seasonal affective disorder

and premenstrual syndrome are examples of long-

term biological rhythms, and summarize the

evidence regarding the existence of both

phenomena.

 

 

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Circadian Rhythms (1 of 5)

• Consciousness is the awareness of oneself and

the environment.

• Throughout the day, mood, alertness, efficiency,

and consciousness itself are in perpetual flux.

• One way to understand consciousness is to study

how it changes over time.

– Mental and physical states are intertwined.

• Examining a person’s ongoing rhythmic cycles is

like watching a video of consciousness.

 

 

 

 

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Circadian Rhythms (2 of 5)

• Changing states of consciousness are often

associated with biological rhythms.

• A biological clock in our brains governs:

– the waxing and waning of hormone levels

– urine volume

– blood pressure

– the responsiveness of brain cells to stimulation

 

 

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Circadian Rhythms (3 of 5)

• Biological rhythms are typically in tune with:

– external time cues, such as changes in clock time,

temperature, daylight

• Many rhythms continue to occur even in the

absence of such cues.

– endogenous, generated from within

• Circadian fluctuations:

– occur about once a day

– are governed by a biological clock in the

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus

 

 

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Circadian Rhythms (4 of 5)

• The SCN regulates and, in turn, is affected by the

hormone melatonin.

• Melatonin is responsive to changes in light and

dark and increases during the dark hours.

– secreted by the pineal gland, deep within the brain

– induces sleep

– helps keep biological clock in phase with light–dark

cycle

 

 

 

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Circadian Rhythms (5 of 5)

• When our normal routine changes, we may

experience internal desynchronization.

– Example: taking airplane flights across time zones

• The usual circadian rhythms are thrown out of

phase with one another.

– Sleep and wake patterns adjust quickly but

temperature and hormone cycles can take days to

return to normal.

– Jet lag affects energy level, mental skills, motor

coordination.

 

 

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Moods and Long-Term Rhythms (1 of 5)

• Some people experience depression every winter

in a pattern that has been labeled seasonal

affective disorder (SAD).

• During the winter months, SAD patients report:

– feelings of sadness

– lethargy

– drowsiness

– craving for carbohydrates

 

 

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Moods and Long-Term Rhythms (2 of 5)

• The causes of SAD, which is relatively

uncommon, are not yet clear.

• SAD is not recognized as an official disorder.

– Much of the research to date has been flawed.

• Light treatments can be effective in alleviating

symptoms.

• SAD may occur in people whose circadian

rhythms are out of sync.

– In essence, they have a chronic form of jet lag.

 

 

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Moods and Long-Term Rhythms (3 of 5)

• Another long-term rhythm is the menstrual cycle,

during which various hormones rise and fall.

• Well-controlled, double-blind studies have been

conducted on premenstrual syndrome.

• These studies do not support claims that

emotional symptoms are reliably and universally

tied to the menstrual cycle.

 

 

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Moods and Long-Term Rhythms (4 of 5)

• How both sexes interpret bodily and emotional

changes is affected by:

– expectations

– learning

• Few people of either sex are likely to undergo

dramatic monthly mood swings or personality

changes because of hormones.

 

 

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Moods and Long-Term Rhythms (5 of 5)

Figure 5.1

Mood Changes in Men and Women

(McFarlane, Martin, & Williams, 1988)

 

 

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The Rhythms of Sleep

• LO 5.2.A Describe the four stages of sleep, and

explain the primary features of each stage.

• LO 5.2.B List the mental consequences of

sleeplessness and the mental benefits of a good

night’s sleep.

 

 

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The Realms of Sleep (1 of 6)

• During sleep, periods of rapid eye movement

(REM) alternate with non-REM (NREM) sleep in

approximately a 90-minute rhythm.

• The REM periods last from a few minutes to as

long as an hour.

• They average about 20 minutes in length.

 

 

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The Realms of Sleep (2 of 6)

• Non-REM sleep is divided into stages on the basis

of characteristic brain-wave patterns.

• Alpha waves gradually slow down, passing

through three stages, each deeper than the

Trends And Patterns Of Crime

Explore the FBI and Census websites. In 500-750 words, do the following:

  1. Describe the trends and patterns in crime for your state and local city or zip code for the last 10 years. MY STATE IS CALIFORNIA, CITY IS YUCAIPA, AND MY ZIP CODE IS 92399
  2. Describe the trends and patterns in migration for your state and local neighborhood for the last 10 years.
  3. Analyze what has happened in your area to increase/decrease crime.

Use two to four scholarly resources to support your explanations.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide