POLI -103 Contemporary political ideologies

Maryanne Cliche

MCliche@coquitlamcollege.com

• 1.INTRO • 2. EVALUATION & FEEDBACK • 3. RECAP • 4. RADICAL ISLAMISM • 1a) Definition • 1b) Conception of Human Nature and Freedom • 1c) Origins, evolution and key features • 1d) Challenges •

• 5. HOMEWORK

PLAN FOR TODAY

EVALUATION & FEEDBACK

RECAP

DEFINITION – GREEN POLITICS

GREEN POLITICS: « Green politics aims to create an ecologically sustainable society rooted in environmentalism, non-violence, social justice and grassroots democracy. » Derek Wall, 2010 The No-Nonsense Guide to Green Politics.

GREEN POLITICS ON HUMAN NATURE

Human beings are born;

1. Dependent and interconnected to nature and its ecosystems.

GREEN POLITICS ON HUMAN NATURE

All species and living creatures;

2. Are interdependent and interconnected

GREEN POLITICS ON HUMAN NATURE

Human beings, just like other species; 3. Are part of nature

ORIGINS – GREEN POLITICS

In reaction to the environmental crisis

• = 1960s and 1970s

ORIGINS – GREEN POLITICS Early thinkers or contributors

Rachel Carson ( 1907-1964) Aldo Leopold ( 1887-1948)

ORIGINS – GREEN POLITICS Modern thinkers or contributors

Derek Wall ( 1965) Al Gore (1948-)

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

1. The Green critique of other ideologies

= Liberals, socialists and (some) conservatives have shared a similar attitude towards nature, one that celebrates the ever increasing human conquest or mastery of nature.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

2. Green Politics propose an new ecological ethic

= An ethic that rethinks our attitudes toward and actions within the natural environment.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

A NEW ETHIC THAT;

1- Emphasizes the web of interconnections and mutual dependence within which we and other species live.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

A NEW ETHIC THAT;

2- Emphasizes the respect for life.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

A NEW ETHIC THAT;

3- Emphasizes our obligation as human beings to respect and care for the conditions that sustain life on Earth.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

A NEW ETHIC THAT;

4- Emphasizes our obligation to be stewards of the Earth for the sake of future generations as well.

RADICAL ISLAMISM

DEFINITION – RADICAL ISLAMISM

RADICAL ISLAMISM:

« A small minority of Islamists who aims to restore Islam to its pure state. ( untouched by secularism and modernity.) »

RADICAL ISLAMISM ON HUMAN NATURE & FREEDOM

RADICAL ISLAMISM ON HUMAN NATURE

Human beings are born;

1. Weak and prone to sin

Ideologies & the Conception of Freedom

VAGENT GOAL OBSTACLE

VAGENT

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON FREEDOM

MUSLIMS

V

THREATS TO ISLAM; SECULARISM, MODERNITY, LIBERALISM

AGENT OBSTACLE

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON FREEDOM

MUSLIMS

VAGENT OBSTACLE

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON FREEDOM

GOAL

ESTABLISH ISLAMIC STATE THAT GOVERN ACCORDING

TO THE ISLAMIC LAW

MUSLIMS THREATS TO ISLAM; SECULARISM, MODERNITY, LIBERALISM

Where does Radical Islamism come from?

A small group of radicalized Muslim reacting to the influence of the Western world on their culture & religion

A small group of radicalized Muslim reacting to the influence of the Western world on their culture & religion

Al-Qaeda

Boko Haram

ISIS

ORIGINS – A few words on Islam

Islam: « Submission »

= Submission of the individual’s will to Allah ( God.)

= For Muslims, Islam is a religion and also a complete way of life, with rules governing everything; manner, morals, marriage, diet, dress code, prayer, personal finance and family life.

ORIGINS – A few words on Islam

• Islam is worldwide and Muslims are of different nationalities

ORIGINS – A few words on Islam

Islam is a monotheistic faith that worships one all- knowing, all-powerful God.

= The holy book of Islam that Muslims take to be the divine words of Allah is the Koran.

ORIGINS – A few words on Islam

The practice of Islam requires jihad, the struggle against evil.

1st interpretation of jihad: =The individual’s inner struggle to overcome the temptation to be sinful,

selfish and evil.

2nd interpretation of jihad: =An outward struggle against the enemies of Islam.

ORIGINS – RADICAL ISLAMISM

It emerged in reaction to secularism and modernity (20th- 21st century)

= It aims to restore Islam to its pure state, untouched by secularism and modernism and establish Islamic societies.

ORIGINS – RADICAL ISLAMISM

• Secularism

= The separation of religion and state is the foundation of secularism. It ensures religious groups don’t interfere in affairs of state, and the state doesn’t interfere in religious affairs.

ORIGINS – RADICAL ISLAMISM

• Modernity

= And the influence of Western ideas- liberalism, secularism, materialism, religious toleration and sexual equality.

Modern thinkers or contributors

Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966)

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

1. Criticism of the West

= The rejection of Western ideas and the critic of their consequences on society ( liberalism, social and economic inequalities, sexual promiscuity, alcohol consumption, secularism, materialism, etc.)

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

2. The perception of an imminent threat to Islam

= Radical Islamists believe that there is a concerted conspiracy by Christians and Jews to corrupt the morals of Muslims and to destroy Islam itself.

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

3. Radical Islamism’s interpretation of jihad

= Radical Islamists believe that Muslims must engage in a jihad against the West and everything it stands for. They must even be prepared to give their life if necessary.

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

4. Terrorism as a strategy to preserve Islam

= To launch deadly attacks directly on Western countries, their civilians and their troops.

KEY FEATURES RADICAL ISLAMISM AND THE 4 FUNCTIONS

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

1 Explanation

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

Explanation

= There is a concerted, highly organized, global conspiracy to inject Western ideas into Islamic culture with the aim to ultimately destroy Islam as a religion and way of life.

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

2 Evaluation

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

Evaluation

= Conditions are good if the integrity of Islam is preserved and Islamic states are implemented.

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

3 Orientation

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

Orientation

= The sense of identity is revealed with the faith in Islam and the radical and narrow interpretation of the Koran.

4 Functions & Radical Islamism 4 Political Program

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

Political Program

= Jihad, a faith based struggle against the enemies of Islam to protect the Islam religion and way of life is considered a sacred duty. To that end, any means are permissible, including violence.

KEY FEATURES- RADICAL ISLAMISM ON DEMOCRACY

KEY FEATURES- RADICAL ISLAMISM ON DEMOCRACY

= Promotes theocracy ( a form of government ruled by divine guidance) and rejects democracy.

CHALLENGES/CRITICS

CHALLENGES/CRITICS

1. Some misunderstanding, prejudices and complexities remains when it comes to Radical Islamism

= i.e. Muslims are often referred to as “terrorists”

CHALLENGES/CRITICS

2. Many interpretations of the Koran by radical Islamists promotes misogynist and antifeminist attitudes.

= i.e. Male guardianship is in effect in some countries = i.e. Women are considered second-class citizens = i.e. Some radical groups believe that women should not be educated

CHALLENGES/CRITICS

3. Radical Islamism, terrorist attacks and self-radicalization represent a serious new threat to peace and stability worldwide.

= i.e. In 2016,more than 75% of the year’s attacks took place in 10 countries, including Iraq, Afghanistan, and India.

HOMEWORK

1- Read Chapter 10 of your textbook 2- Consult all the resources on C4 3- Answer these questions: A) Does Radical Islamism support democracy? Explain your answer using

3 distinctive examples to support your answer. B) Does Radical Islamism represent most believers in Islam? Explain your

answer using concepts presented in the class and the textbook. C) How does Radical Islamism perceive Freedom? Explain your answer

using concepts presented in the class and the textbook.

POLI -103 Contemporary political ideologies

Maryanne Cliche

MCliche@coquitlamcollege.com

• 1.INTRO • 2. EVALUATION & FEEDBACK • 3. RECAP • 4. RADICAL ISLAMISM • 1a) Definition • 1b) Conception of Human Nature and Freedom • 1c) Origins, evolution and key features • 1d) Challenges •

• 5. HOMEWORK

PLAN FOR TODAY

EVALUATION & FEEDBACK

RECAP

DEFINITION – GREEN POLITICS

GREEN POLITICS: « Green politics aims to create an ecologically sustainable society rooted in environmentalism, non-violence, social justice and grassroots democracy. » Derek Wall, 2010 The No-Nonsense Guide to Green Politics.

GREEN POLITICS ON HUMAN NATURE

Human beings are born;

1. Dependent and interconnected to nature and its ecosystems.

GREEN POLITICS ON HUMAN NATURE

All species and living creatures;

2. Are interdependent and interconnected

GREEN POLITICS ON HUMAN NATURE

Human beings, just like other species; 3. Are part of nature

ORIGINS – GREEN POLITICS

In reaction to the environmental crisis

• = 1960s and 1970s

ORIGINS – GREEN POLITICS Early thinkers or contributors

Rachel Carson ( 1907-1964) Aldo Leopold ( 1887-1948)

ORIGINS – GREEN POLITICS Modern thinkers or contributors

Derek Wall ( 1965) Al Gore (1948-)

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

1. The Green critique of other ideologies

= Liberals, socialists and (some) conservatives have shared a similar attitude towards nature, one that celebrates the ever increasing human conquest or mastery of nature.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

2. Green Politics propose an new ecological ethic

= An ethic that rethinks our attitudes toward and actions within the natural environment.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

A NEW ETHIC THAT;

1- Emphasizes the web of interconnections and mutual dependence within which we and other species live.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

A NEW ETHIC THAT;

2- Emphasizes the respect for life.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

A NEW ETHIC THAT;

3- Emphasizes our obligation as human beings to respect and care for the conditions that sustain life on Earth.

KEY FEATURES OF GREEN POLITICS

A NEW ETHIC THAT;

4- Emphasizes our obligation to be stewards of the Earth for the sake of future generations as well.

RADICAL ISLAMISM

DEFINITION – RADICAL ISLAMISM

RADICAL ISLAMISM:

« A small minority of Islamists who aims to restore Islam to its pure state. ( untouched by secularism and modernity.) »

RADICAL ISLAMISM ON HUMAN NATURE & FREEDOM

RADICAL ISLAMISM ON HUMAN NATURE

Human beings are born;

1. Weak and prone to sin

Ideologies & the Conception of Freedom

VAGENT GOAL OBSTACLE

VAGENT

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON FREEDOM

MUSLIMS

V

THREATS TO ISLAM; SECULARISM, MODERNITY, LIBERALISM

AGENT OBSTACLE

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON FREEDOM

MUSLIMS

VAGENT OBSTACLE

LIBERATION IDEOLOGIES ON FREEDOM

GOAL

ESTABLISH ISLAMIC STATE THAT GOVERN ACCORDING

TO THE ISLAMIC LAW

MUSLIMS THREATS TO ISLAM; SECULARISM, MODERNITY, LIBERALISM

Where does Radical Islamism come from?

A small group of radicalized Muslim reacting to the influence of the Western world on their culture & religion

A small group of radicalized Muslim reacting to the influence of the Western world on their culture & religion

Al-Qaeda

Boko Haram

ISIS

ORIGINS – A few words on Islam

Islam: « Submission »

= Submission of the individual’s will to Allah ( God.)

= For Muslims, Islam is a religion and also a complete way of life, with rules governing everything; manner, morals, marriage, diet, dress code, prayer, personal finance and family life.

ORIGINS – A few words on Islam

• Islam is worldwide and Muslims are of different nationalities

ORIGINS – A few words on Islam

Islam is a monotheistic faith that worships one all- knowing, all-powerful God.

= The holy book of Islam that Muslims take to be the divine words of Allah is the Koran.

ORIGINS – A few words on Islam

The practice of Islam requires jihad, the struggle against evil.

1st interpretation of jihad: =The individual’s inner struggle to overcome the temptation to be sinful,

selfish and evil.

2nd interpretation of jihad: =An outward struggle against the enemies of Islam.

ORIGINS – RADICAL ISLAMISM

It emerged in reaction to secularism and modernity (20th- 21st century)

= It aims to restore Islam to its pure state, untouched by secularism and modernism and establish Islamic societies.

ORIGINS – RADICAL ISLAMISM

• Secularism

= The separation of religion and state is the foundation of secularism. It ensures religious groups don’t interfere in affairs of state, and the state doesn’t interfere in religious affairs.

ORIGINS – RADICAL ISLAMISM

• Modernity

= And the influence of Western ideas- liberalism, secularism, materialism, religious toleration and sexual equality.

Modern thinkers or contributors

Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966)

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

1. Criticism of the West

= The rejection of Western ideas and the critic of their consequences on society ( liberalism, social and economic inequalities, sexual promiscuity, alcohol consumption, secularism, materialism, etc.)

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

2. The perception of an imminent threat to Islam

= Radical Islamists believe that there is a concerted conspiracy by Christians and Jews to corrupt the morals of Muslims and to destroy Islam itself.

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

3. Radical Islamism’s interpretation of jihad

= Radical Islamists believe that Muslims must engage in a jihad against the West and everything it stands for. They must even be prepared to give their life if necessary.

KEY FEATURES OF RADICAL ISLAMISM

4. Terrorism as a strategy to preserve Islam

= To launch deadly attacks directly on Western countries, their civilians and their troops.

KEY FEATURES RADICAL ISLAMISM AND THE 4 FUNCTIONS

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

1 Explanation

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

Explanation

= There is a concerted, highly organized, global conspiracy to inject Western ideas into Islamic culture with the aim to ultimately destroy Islam as a religion and way of life.

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

2 Evaluation

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

Evaluation

= Conditions are good if the integrity of Islam is preserved and Islamic states are implemented.

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

3 Orientation

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

Orientation

= The sense of identity is revealed with the faith in Islam and the radical and narrow interpretation of the Koran.

4 Functions & Radical Islamism 4 Political Program

4 Functions & Radical Islamism

Political Program

= Jihad, a faith based struggle against the enemies of Islam to protect the Islam religion and way of life is considered a sacred duty. To that end, any means are permissible, including violence.

KEY FEATURES- RADICAL ISLAMISM ON DEMOCRACY

KEY FEATURES- RADICAL ISLAMISM ON DEMOCRACY

= Promotes theocracy ( a form of government ruled by divine guidance) and rejects democracy.

CHALLENGES/CRITICS

CHALLENGES/CRITICS

1. Some misunderstanding, prejudices and complexities remains when it comes to Radical Islamism

= i.e. Muslims are often referred to as “terrorists”

CHALLENGES/CRITICS

2. Many interpretations of the Koran by radical Islamists promotes misogynist and antifeminist attitudes.

= i.e. Male guardianship is in effect in some countries = i.e. Women are considered second-class citizens = i.e. Some radical groups believe that women should not be educated

CHALLENGES/CRITICS

3. Radical Islamism, terrorist attacks and self-radicalization represent a serious new threat to peace and stability worldwide.

= i.e. In 2016,more than 75% of the year’s attacks took place in 10 countries, including Iraq, Afghanistan, and India.

HOMEWORK

1- Read Chapter 10 of your textbook 2- Consult all the resources on C4 3- Answer these questions: A) Does Radical Islamism support democracy? Explain your answer using

3 distinctive examples to support your answer. B) Does Radical Islamism represent most believers in Islam? Explain your

answer using concepts presented in the class and the textbook. C) How does Radical Islamism perceive Freedom? Explain your answer

using concepts presented in the class and the textbook.

POLI -103 Contemporary political ideologies

Maryanne Cliche

PLAN FOR TODAY

• 1.Evaluation • 2. The future of ideologies • 2a) Historical analysis • 2b) Key trends • 2c) The future of democracy & ideologies • 2d) Challenges • 3. Conclusion • 4. Homework

EVALUATION & FEEDBACK

THE FUTURE OF IDEOLOGIES

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

14-15TH century (Renaissance)

18TH century 20th century18-19TH century 1960S 1960S 21st century

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

In reaction to the

Medieval order

Religious conformity

And the ascribed status

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

In reaction to Liberalism & the French revolution

French revolution 1789-1799

Individual liberty +

Equality of opportunity

Liberalism

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

In reaction to Liberalism & the consequences of

capitalism

Liberalism

Individual liberty +

Equality of opportunity

The Consequences of the Industrial revolution

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

In reaction to Liberalism, Socialism

& the premises of the Enlightenment

Individual liberty +

Equality of opportunity

Liberalism

Socialism

The Enlightenment

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

In reaction to forms of

oppression by dominant groups

Sexism, Racism, Homophobia, Imperialism

(men, white people, homophobes, settlers, humans, etc.)

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

In reaction to the

environmental crisis

The degradation of natural ecosystems and the depletion of

natural resources (e.g. Toxic waste, acid rain, air and

water pollution, etc.)

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

In reaction to secularism &

modernity

The separation of religion and state

And the influence of Western ideas

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS – RECAP

In reaction to the Medieval

order

In reaction to liberalism & the French revolution

In reaction to liberalism & the consequences of

capitalism

In reaction to liberalism,

socialism & the premises of the Enlightenment

In reaction to forms of

oppression by dominant groups

In reaction to the

environmental crisis

In reaction to secularism &

modernity

POLITICAL SPECTRUM

KEY TRENDS

1. The rise of Nationalism and its political heritage

• The belief that the people of the world fall into distinct groups, or nations, with each nation forming the natural basis for a separate political unit, known as the nation-state.

1. The rise of Nationalism and its political heritage

= Contributed to the anticolonial movements worldwide

1. The rise of Nationalism and its political heritage

= Contributed to the rise of Fascism and Nazism

1. The rise of Nationalism and its political heritage

= Contributed to the fall and following violent tensions between countries of the former Soviet Union

KEY TRENDS

1. The rise of Nationalism and its political heritage

= Contributes to fuel separatists movements worldwide

KEY TRENDS

Québec, Canada Catalonia, Spain

1. The rise of Nationalism and its political heritage

= Contributes to fuel resentment against immigration and refugees

2. Religion as a political force

= Religion continues to play a major role in political controversies around the world

3. Ideology and the environment

= Ecological problems have become political problems that will necessitate a concerted response by the international community

4. Ideology and globalization

Globalization= The distances between peoples seem to be decreasing as do the differences that have made them distinctive.

4. Ideology and globalization

= The controversy over free-trade and globalization will most likely spread and produce political alliances across ideologies

THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY

THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY

• It is more popular than ever

= Except for some critics ( Fascists and Radical Islamists), every contemporary ideologies is inspired by the democratic ideal

THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY

2. But people’s democracy is dying

• Because it has been experimented by Communist regimes over the past century and Communism declining

THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY

3. Liberal & Social democracy are now remaining and striving

• The decline of people’s democracy means that the democratic ideal now survives with these two principal forms

THE FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY

4. Liberalism and Conservatism will continue to be predominant

• The next primary ideological contest will be against Liberalism and Conservatism, both against Socialism

THE FUTURE OF IDEOLOGIES ? ARE THEY HERE TO STAY?

THE FUTURE OF IDEOLOGIES

Ideologies are here to stay

= Many differences remain event after the end of Communism and the

widespread consensus on liberal democracy

= e.g. Disputes between ideologies and within

ideologies

CHALLENGES AHEAD

1. The rapid rise of Radical Islamism

• Strongly suggests that resistance is viewed by some as attractive

CHALLENGES AHEAD

i.e. The environmental crisis will require a political response and

this response will most likely take an ideological form

i.e. The environmental crisis will require a political response and

this response will most likely take an ideological form

2. New challenges keep arising and will require political actions 2. New challenges keep arising

and will require political actions

3. The need for people to act and join thought to actions

• Ideologies are important, influential and a useful guide to try to understand the future

CONCLUSION

= As long as we live in a complicated and confusing world, full of challenges and conflicts, ideologies will attempt to explain, evaluate the conditions we live in, to provide a sense of orientation and set out programs of actions to remake the world as it should be.

“You have to know the past to understand the present.” – Carl Sagan

“You have to know the past to understand the present.”

And plan for the future….

HOMEWORK

1- Read Chapter 11 of your textbook 2- Review all the resources on C4

3- Answer the questions: A) Explain how Nationalism is affecting our

modern world, provide 2 detailed examples to support your answer.

B) Explain how the environmental crisis is affecting our modern world, provide 2 recent examples to support your answer.

C) Explain how globalization is affecting our modern world, provide 2 detailed examples to support your answer.