Power Point On 3 Contemporary Political Theorists

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Rousseau’s Ideas

Nikita Warren

Southern New Hampshire University

March 26 2020

 

Rousseau’s Ideas

The necessity of freedom

Freedom is a problem of political philosophy

Freedom is needed for two reasons:

“Natural man is physically free because he is not constrained by a repressive state apparatus or dominated by his fellow men” (Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) , n.d)

“Natural man is psychologically and spiritually free because he is not enslaved to any of the artificial needs that characterize modern society” (Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) , n.d)

Modern society is different form the previous uncorrupted society where man lived favorably with the state of nature despite having the freedom and liberty to do what they wished

Rousseau was concerned with the nature of freedom. in his general argument, man was previously living in harmony with the nature because he had not become a slave to his own needs. As the needs of man evolved so did his means of interaction with nature and in this case, man used his freedom to do himself good and do good to others. However, the modern society is made up of men who have become slaves to their own needs. Man is therefore responsible for the present problems of exploitation, domination, self esteem issues and depression.

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Rousseau’s Ideas

The social contract

Good government must prioritize the freedom of its citizens because it is the most fundamental objective

Government must affirm the freedom of its citizens with specific restrictions inherent to certain complex, modern and civil society

Provided law and property exist, man can never be absolutely free

With deployment of certain principles, governments can be able to accord its citizens some form of freedom that almost resembles the kind freedom that man enjoys in the state of nature

 

Rousseau invoked the concept of social contract. According to him, government must act in accordance with the freedom needs of the society. Apparently, while this sounds so appealing, it is impractical. This is the reason why the naturally inherent sense of freedom of man has to be regulated by use of laws. The argument that man is not born free but is made free by use of created institutions that seek to protect the rights of man is quite true. Rousseau admits from this fact that the government must make use of institutions to restrict human freedom by use of laws that are largely non-democratic forms of governance as not all people find them good.

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Email and social media surveillance and freedom

Emails and social media have resulted from cooperation and division of labor developments in modern society,

Modernization makes the needs of men multiply and include many nonessential things, such as friends, entertainment, and luxury goods

While they are initially pleasurable and good, men eventually become slaves of this luxurious needs and they continue to pursue it

Unnaturalness causes moral inequalities

Surveillance reflects the governments intrusion into the sovereign will of the people to stay connected and to express their opinions in the modern society that is bound together by the collective pursuit of superfluous needs

 

 

The government often performs surveillance of social media and email communication. This according to Rousseau is not right. However, the principle has been adopted in response of what man has made of the modern society. The complexities in associations and the increased misuse of freedom in form of violation of laws forces the government to intrude privacy, a sovereign will and freedom of man.

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Reference

Bernal, P. (2016). Data gathering, surveillance and human rights: recasting the debate. Journal of Cyber Policy, 243-264.

Dammann, G. (2012, July 11). For Rousseau, man is born free, but kept free only by compassion . Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jul/11/rousseau-man-born-free-social-contract

Dent, M. S. (2006). Rousseau’s Theory of Freedom. Continuum, 1-124.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) . (n.d). Retrieved from Spark Notes: https://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/rousseau/themes/

Rapid Ship Unloading Critique

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THIS IS NOT A SUMMARY… Your critiques are limited to 300 words. Good critiques are lean, crisp and, above all, illuminating. Good critiques also stand on their own-not requiring the reader to be intimately familiar with the analysis.

The following will help you get started:

After reading the work, and before you begin to write, try to fit the analysis into proper context. Keep in mind the setting in which a decision maker-the analysis’s and its critique’s consumer-will view the work.

Next, identify the key assumptions that underlie The work Identify them explicitly (sometimes the author will help you), and decide the degree to which you agree or disagree to which you agree or disagree substantially with any particular assumptions, note why.

Identify alternative assumptions, if appropriate and possible. Pose at least one competitor assumption (usually, one you’d prefer), and contrast its viability.

If the work is not current, make an issue of it only if new information has become available that refutes the work. (It is generally most appropriate to view the work from the time perspective when it was done.)

If important facts are incorrect –especially if they influence the results of the analysis -identify and correct them. If other evidence or facts were omitted, characterize and add them.

Finally, decide whether or the author’s conclusions flow from the works logic and evidence. If not jot down why not.

Overview Of Federalism

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The Founding Fathers of the United States designed the American government to incorporate the principles of federalism in the hopes of preventing one individual or group from holding too much power. They established this system through the 10th Amendment to the Constitution. This Amendment reads, “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people” (U.S. Const. amend. X).

In recent history, there are several policy issues where states are taking the lead, and the policy on marijuana is one of these issues. Recently, the states of Washington and Colorado legalized the use of marijuana in referendum votes, despite the federal prohibition of marijuana outlined in the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. For this assignment, you will have the opportunity to analyze choices that governmental officials make and explain your position on these difficult decisions.

Drawing on your reading for this unit, write a short essay, between 500 and 700 words, in which you complete the following:

  • Give your position on the following question: Should the states within the greater United States be able to pass laws to legalize marijuana?
  • Give at least two specific reasons for your view. You may cite current state and federal legislation as well as court cases within your arguments.
  • Address whether there are circumstances where states should be able to take the policy lead.
  • Write in complete, well-constructed sentences.
  • Draw on specific information from the textbook, and cite your sources using correct APA style.
Reference

U.S. Const. amend. X.

Requirements

  • Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • Length: 500–700 words.
  • Resources: Use at least two scholarly sources from the Capella library or Internet.
  • APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to APA (6th edition) style and formatting.
  • Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point.

Describe the use of mandatory military service over the course of U.S. history.

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. Describe the use of mandatory military service over the course of U.S. history. Indicate some points in time where significant changes were made to policies regarding required military service. (approximately 200-250 words)

2. Indicate what you believe are some of the more convincing arguments for why the U.S. should require individuals to serve in the military. (approximately 150-200 words)

3. Indicate what you believe are some of the more convincing arguments against a mandatory draft. (approximately 150-200 words