Write a one-page position in favor of the policy.

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Position Paper

This is a continuation of the first and second assignments and uses your accumulated research (Previous Assignments Attached).

Imagine you are two different lobbyists, supporting two different sides of the policy issue you wrote about in Assignment 2.

 

Write a 4-5 page paper in which you:

Write a one-page position in favor of the policy.

Write a one-page position against the policy.

Write a one-page response to the argument in favor of the policy.

Write a one-page response to the argument against the policy.

Use at least two (2) of the following arguments from Chapter 10 in your paper: normative, positive, anecdote, and evidence arguments. Clearly label these to receive credit.

Include at least four (4) peer-reviewed references (no more than five [5] years old) from material outside the textbook. Note: Appropriate peer-reviewed references include scholarly articles and governmental Websites. Wikipedia, other wikis, and any other Websites ending in anything other than “.gov” do not qualify as peer-reviewed.

Note: The Assignment 1 and 2 revisions must flow together with Assignment 3 as one seamless paper.

Your assignment must:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

Include a cover page containing the tile of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length. The Assignment 1 and 2 revisions are not included in the required page length.

Running head: HEALTHCARE POLICY ASSESSMENT 1

HEALTHCARE POLICY ASSESSMENT 2

Healthcare Policy Assessment

Dr. Timothy Smith

Darrin Clanton

PAD 510: Introduction to Public Policy Analysis

January 18, 2019

Healthcare Policy Assessment

Introduction

A presidential administration often works towards the improvement of the society. This is done through the implementation of different federal policies which act as facilitators towards specific objectives. In America, it is possible to trace specific social challenges that have existed since time immemorial. The phenomenon has led to different presidential administrations instituting the same federal policy as an effort to resolve the social predicament. This has been the case through the healthcare policies implemented by President Clinton and Obama (Okpala, 2018). Despite the existence of similar federal systems, each presidential administration was faced by different circumstances hence mandating critical assessment to understand the implementation, impact, and effectiveness of each healthcare policy.

President Clinton’s Healthcare Proposal

In 1993 President Clinton proposed healthcare reform in America. The proposed health care reform was subjective as it had been used as a campaigning tool in previous years. The occurrence made it urgent for President Clinton to implement the health care reform to provide universal access to health care. This would act as a representation of his commitment to fulfill the promises he made during the campaign period. The health care proposal in 1993 wanted to address the high cost of healthcare incurred in America which made the service inaccessible to many individuals (Plaut & Arons, 2018). Also, President Clinton intended to reduce the cost incurred by the government in the provision of healthcare by diversifying the cost to other stakeholders.

President Clinton’s health care reform had essential requirements such as managing competition among insurance companies to reduce cost. Also, there was the development of different health packages to cover the needs of all citizens in America. In the proposal, President Clinton aspired to enhance the health services provided by local health institutions. This would enable citizens to access drug and substance abuse services in their area (Zelman, 2018). The proposal also encompassed contributions made by employers to facilitate health insurance for all employees. It is possible to state that the proposed health care reform for President Clinton had a significant impact in America. From a social perspective, most individuals believed that health care reform would make health care services accessible across America (Zelman, 2018). Likewise, there was a conviction that the quality of services would significantly improve as the government would provide subsidies to individuals who could not facilitate health insurance cost.

The health care reform proposed by President Clinton also had a political impact in America. Most political leaders took the opportunity in the situation to gather support for personal aspirations in exchange for providing backing to the president’s ambition. The urgency of the case made the healthcare reform challenged by many loopholes. This made political leaders exploit the opportunity to offer better healthcare suggestions rather than supporting the presidential bid.

The proposal made by President Clinton had a significant influence on the economy of the country. The reform was extensive as it involved the restructuring of the healthcare system in the country hence requiring broad financial support (Plaut & Arons, 2018). The occurrence led to most of the country’s economic resources being used to facilitate the modification. As a result, other sectors lacked resources hence stunting their growth. The health care reform also presented a financial challenge to different stakeholders such as insurance companies and employers. As mentioned above, President Clinton aspired to manage competition in the insurance sector hence reducing profitability. Also, the proposal that employers would contribute to the cost of employees’ health insurance would make most businesses unsustainable.

Obama Healthcare Reform

In 2010 there was the introduction of the Obama health care reform. This had similar aspirations such as the proposal made by President Clinton to provide universal healthcare to all Americans. The origin of the federal policy introduced by President Obama envisioned reducing the cost of health care and extending access to health insurance (Ha, 2018). The health care reform presented by President Obama was averagely urgent and took an objective approach towards providing as a sustainable solution for healthcare. This provided adequate time for extensive research to identify the critical factors (Ha, 2018). It was determined that government spending on healthcare with a significant problem as it was not substantial to provide comprehensive medical care to all individuals in the country.

Implementation of the Obama health care reform as a federal policy had a significant influence in the nation. From a social perspective, most individuals had access to healthcare insurance despite having pre-existing medical conditions (Gruber, 2018). This was useful to most individuals in a country where terminal conditions had been on a constant rise. From an economic perspective, the introduction of the Obama health care reform pointed towards a sustainable economy where the government could provide better healthcare to its citizens in addition to diversifying health insurance (Gruber, 2018). The success of the Obama healthcare reform was also instrumental in improving the political atmosphere around the president’s administration. This manifested through additional support from political leaders to support the presidential aspirations in the future.

Critique and Conclusion

Through evaluation, it is possible to state that President Clinton’s medical reform was ineffective. This was as a result of an overambitious plan to completely modify the healthcare system in the country. Likewise, the proposal to manage cost and obligate businesses to incur the insurance cost for employees led to significant resistance from different shareholders. The political urgency of the situation was another factor that made the healthcare reform unsuccessful as adequate time was not invested for extensive research.

On the other hand, the medical change instituted by President Obama was successful as it provided a sustainable way of covering healthcare cost in the country. The statute allowing individuals with pre-existing medical conditions to access insurance was a building block towards making health services accessible to most individuals. Also, the imposition of taxes to individuals who did not have healthcare insurance made it possible to generate additional revenue for healthcare in the country. This enabled the government to finance medical care for all citizens effectively.

References

Gruber, D. (2018). Obamacare: Coverage without Cost Containment. Telehealth and Medicine Today, 2(1), 1-18.

Ha, J. S. (2018). Presidential Healthcare Reform Rhetoric: Continuity, Change & Contested Values from Truman to Obama. By Noam Schimmel. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 313 pp. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 48(3), 633-634.

Okpala, P. (2018). Innovative Leadership Initiatives to Reduce the Cost of Healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Management, 63(5), 313-321.

Plaut, T., & Arons, B. (2018). President Clinton’s proposal for health care reform: key provisions and issues. NCBI, 45(9), 871-876.

Zelman, W. A. (2018). The Rationale Behind the Clinton Health Care Reform Plan. health affairs, 13(1), 1-8.

Running head: HEALTHCARE POLICY ASSESSMENT 1

HEALTHCARE POLICY ASSESSMENT 2

Healthcare Policy Assessment

Dr. Timothy Smith

Darrin Clanton

PAD 510: Introduction to Public Policy Analysis

January 18, 2019

Healthcare Policy Assessment

Introduction

A presidential administration often works towards the improvement of the society. This is done through the implementation of different federal policies which act as facilitators towards specific objectives. In America, it is possible to trace specific social challenges that have existed since time immemorial. The phenomenon has led to different presidential administrations instituting the same federal policy as an effort to resolve the social predicament. This has been the case through the healthcare policies implemented by President Clinton and Obama (Okpala, 2018). Despite the existence of similar federal systems, each presidential administration was faced by different circumstances hence mandating critical assessment to understand the implementation, impact, and effectiveness of each healthcare policy.

President Clinton’s Healthcare Proposal

In 1993 President Clinton proposed healthcare reform in America. The proposed health care reform was subjective as it had been used as a campaigning tool in previous years. The occurrence made it urgent for President Clinton to implement the health care reform to provide universal access to health care. This would act as a representation of his commitment to fulfill the promises he made during the campaign period. The health care proposal in 1993 wanted to address the high cost of healthcare incurred in America which made the service inaccessible to many individuals (Plaut & Arons, 2018). Also, President Clinton intended to reduce the cost incurred by the government in the provision of healthcare by diversifying the cost to other stakeholders.

President Clinton’s health care reform had essential requirements such as managing competition among insurance companies to reduce cost. Also, there was the development of different health packages to cover the needs of all citizens in America. In the proposal, President Clinton aspired to enhance the health services provided by local health institutions. This would enable citizens to access drug and substance abuse services in their area (Zelman, 2018). The proposal also encompassed contributions made by employers to facilitate health insurance for all employees. It is possible to state that the proposed health care reform for President Clinton had a significant impact in America. From a social perspective, most individuals believed that health care reform would make health care services accessible across America (Zelman, 2018). Likewise, there was a conviction that the quality of services would significantly improve as the government would provide subsidies to individuals who could not facilitate health insurance cost.

The health care reform proposed by President Clinton also had a political impact in America. Most political leaders took the opportunity in the situation to gather support for personal aspirations in exchange for providing backing to the president’s ambition. The urgency of the case made the healthcare reform challenged by many loopholes. This made political leaders exploit the opportunity to offer better healthcare suggestions rather than supporting the presidential bid.

The proposal made by President Clinton had a significant influence on the economy of the country. The reform was extensive as it involved the restructuring of the healthcare system in the country hence requiring broad financial support (Plaut & Arons, 2018). The occurrence led to most of the country’s economic resources being used to facilitate the modification. As a result, other sectors lacked resources hence stunting their growth. The health care reform also presented a financial challenge to different stakeholders such as insurance companies and employers. As mentioned above, President Clinton aspired to manage competition in the insurance sector hence reducing profitability. Also, the proposal that employers would contribute to the cost of employees’ health insurance would make most businesses unsustainable.

Obama Healthcare Reform

In 2010 there was the introduction of the Obama health care reform. This had similar aspirations such as the proposal made by President Clinton to provide universal healthcare to all Americans. The origin of the federal policy introduced by President Obama envisioned reducing the cost of health care and extending access to health insurance (Ha, 2018). The health care reform presented by President Obama was averagely urgent and took an objective approach towards providing as a sustainable solution for healthcare. This provided adequate time for extensive research to identify the critical factors (Ha, 2018). It was determined that government spending on healthcare with a significant problem as it was not substantial to provide comprehensive medical care to all individuals in the country.

Implementation of the Obama health care reform as a federal policy had a significant influence in the nation. From a social perspective, most individuals had access to healthcare insurance despite having pre-existing medical conditions (Gruber, 2018). This was useful to most individuals in a country where terminal conditions had been on a constant rise. From an economic perspective, the introduction of the Obama health care reform pointed towards a sustainable economy where the government could provide better healthcare to its citizens in addition to diversifying health insurance (Gruber, 2018). The success of the Obama healthcare reform was also instrumental in improving the political atmosphere around the president’s administration. This manifested through additional support from political leaders to support the presidential aspirations in the future.

Critique and Conclusion

Through evaluation, it is possible to state that President Clinton’s medical reform was ineffective. This was as a result of an overambitious plan to completely modify the healthcare system in the country. Likewise, the proposal to manage cost and obligate businesses to incur the insurance cost for employees led to significant resistance from different shareholders. The political urgency of the situation was another factor that made the healthcare reform unsuccessful as adequate time was not invested for extensive research.

On the other hand, the medical change instituted by President Obama was successful as it provided a sustainable way of covering healthcare cost in the country. The statute allowing individuals with pre-existing medical conditions to access insurance was a building block towards making health services accessible to most individuals. Also, the imposition of taxes to individuals who did not have healthcare insurance made it possible to generate additional revenue for healthcare in the country. This enabled the government to finance medical care for all citizens effectively.

References

Gruber, D. (2018). Obamacare: Coverage without Cost Containment. Telehealth and Medicine Today, 2(1), 1-18.

Ha, J. S. (2018). Presidential Healthcare Reform Rhetoric: Continuity, Change & Contested Values from Truman to Obama. By Noam Schimmel. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 313 pp. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 48(3), 633-634.

Okpala, P. (2018). Innovative Leadership Initiatives to Reduce the Cost of Healthcare. Journal of Healthcare Management, 63(5), 313-321.

Plaut, T., & Arons, B. (2018). President Clinton’s proposal for health care reform: key provisions and issues. NCBI, 45(9), 871-876.

Zelman, W. A. (2018). The Rationale Behind the Clinton Health Care Reform Plan. health affairs, 13(1), 1-8.

Write A Paper About If The President Sexually Harassed Women Or Discriminated Against Them, Would Such Action Be Impeachable

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11Mar2010 District Judge Thomas Porteous was charged with accepting bribes and making false statements under penalty of perjury. The House charged him with conduct incompatible with trust and confidence placed in a judge, a longstanding pattern of corrupt conduct, making false statements about his own bankruptcy, and making false statements to become a federal judge. At the start of the full Senate hearing, his attorney indicated he was willing to resign the following year. The Senate convicted him of the charges, removed him from office, and disqualified him forever of holding any U.S. office.

 

William Clinton Impeachment

 

In 1998 President Clinton was impeached for perjury and obstruction of justice, and in 1999 he was acquitted by the Senate.

 

Born in Arkansas, he became its Governor. He was a well-educated lawyer, who met Hillary Clinton at Yale law school. In 1992, at age 46, he became president. During his presidency the economy boomed, and he left office with a budget surplus. He enjoyed one of the highest approval ratings as a sitting president. He fashioned himself a political centrist.

 

In 1994 Kenneth Star, a former federal appellate judge and solicitor general, took over as Independent Counsel in the investigation of Bill and Hillary Clinton and others in the Whitewater fraud and the suicide of a white house lawyer.1 No charges arose from the suicide. The Whitewater fraud involved a real estate development that allegedly made loans to Clinton. The Clintons claimed to be passive investors. In that case Starr obtained convictions against Jim and Susan McDougal, Clinton’s successor as governor, and others. Starr unsuccessfully attempted to get information from Susan McDougal, who, with three other Whitewater defendants, was pardoned by Clinton on his last day in office.

 

 

A continuing shadow was cast by his personal sex life. In 1992, Gennifer Flowers stated she had an affair with him, which he initially denied but later admitted. In 1994, Paula Jones filed a lawsuit claiming that in 1991 as a state employee she was taken to a suite of Governor Clinton where he made abhorrent sexual advances, which she rejected. Jones learned that Monica Lewinski, a staffer at the White House, had an affair with Clinton and sought to depose him.

 

The president sought to delay the deposition and trial until he left office.

 

 

The Supreme Court ruled that there was no presidential immunity for unofficial conduct and the separation of powers did not require that a civil suit be delayed until he left office. The Court noted that the Judiciary may severely burden the President’s official conduct and require him to respond to the court’s process. The federal courts always have the power to review the legality of his unofficial conduct. Clinton v. Jones (1997).

 

 

In 1998, in the Jones law suit Clinton was deposed and denied ever having a sexual affair with Monica Lewinsky. She told a fellow White House staffer that she lied and people were helping her to get a job to buy her silence, while the staffer tape recorded their conversation. The staffer later contacted Starr. He believed that Clinton’s testimony in the deposition was false and commenced an investigation. Before his testimony in the federal grand jury hearing arranged at the White House, Clinton did not know that Starr had the DNA

 

 

1 For a comprehensive recent review of this investigation, see Kenneth Starr, Contempt: A Memoir of the Clinton Investigation (Sentinel 2018). The text for this class is Cass Sunstein, Impeachment: A Citizen’s Guide (Harvard 2017), and the author assisted in the defense of Clinton’s impeachment.

 

 

 

 

 

11

match on the blue dress. 2 At the hearing he admitted the sexual indiscretion and described it as “inappropriate conduct.” Clinton also testified Lewinski’s affidavit prepared by his lawyer in the Jones case that she had no sexual relations with him was “absolutely accurate.” When asked about this inconsistency, he gave an unintelligible definition of “is.” By phone he responded to questions of the grand jurors. One asked about oral sex being included in the definition of sex, but Clinton answered “no” if performed on him. Starr recommended 11 impeachable offenses to the House. Starr’s “chief wordsmith” on the charges of impeachment was Brett Kavanaugh, a lawyer on his staff.3

 

 

The House, relying on Starr’s investigation and his testimony, impeached Clinton on two charges: perjury to a grand jury (228-206) and obstruction of justice (221-212). The perjury was based on his relationship with Lewinski, his false statement in the Jones case, and attempts to tamper with witnesses. The obstruction of justice arose out of encouraging Lewinski to give false testimony, concealing gifts to Lewinski, attempting to get her a job, and attempting to tamper with possible testimony by his secretary.

 

 

Before the Senate both sides made presentations and then were asked questions written by the senators. Then the Senate reviewed excerpted videos of witnesses, including Lewinski’s. The Senate deliberated in secret and then announced both charges failed: perjury (45-55 for conviction with 10 out of the 55 Republicans against conviction) and obstruction of justice (50-50 for conviction). Clinton was “profoundly sorry” for his actions and words that created the 13- month ordeal.

 

 

In 1999 Judge Wright found Clinton guilty of civil contempt in the Jones lawsuit for giving false testimony about having sex with Monica Lewinski as demonstrated by his grand jury testimony. She imposed a fine of $96,000 and reimbursement for legal and travel expenses. Clinton did not appeal. Both the Arkansas Supreme Court and the U.S. Supreme Court removed him from the roll of lawyers. Clinton ultimately settled his law suit with Jones by paying her $850,000, when, as noted by Starr, he would have been much wiser to settled the case at an earlier stage.4

Journal Entries

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Please write 4 journals on topics and thoughts that deal in one form or another with civic engagement and civic professionalism issues. You could find the civic engagement issues on news, newspaper, articles, and so on. Each journal entry must be a minimum of 5 sentences (a paragraph) in length (1-2 paragraphs is enough)and provide citations if applicable.

APA style thank you!!

Congressional Budgetary Process

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In regard to the budgetary process in the United States Congress please define and discuss the differences in authorizations and appropriations. Define each and give examples.

Length: 75-250 (enough to succinctly answer the question)