The generation of warfare

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The generation of warfare that immediately came to my mind while thinking about the most ethical one is the Second Generation of Warfare. Lind writes “The focus was inward on rules, processes and procedures. Obedience was more important than initiative (in fact, initiative was not wanted, because it endangered synchronization), and discipline was top-down imposed” (2004). I believe that when it comes to war there needs to be extreme discipline in order to reduce unnecessary casualties. I believe that when troops become reckless and lack this discipline there can be a negative impact on the overall mission which could result in these unnecessary casualties. I think that when it comes to warfare in regards to ethics my main goal is to reduce unnecessary suffering involved with the conflict. There will always be suffering when it comes to warfare but it should always be targeted as well as important to achieve the mission.

An attribute of the Fourth Generation of warfare that will be crucial in future conflicts involves tactics. According to Lind “many of the tactics Fourth Generation opponents use are standard guerilla tactics. Others, including much of what we call “terrorism”, are classic Arab light cavalry warfare carried out with modern technology at the operational and strategic, not just tactical, levels.” (2004). The enemy is using classic tactics against us but with modern technology so the same has to be used against the enemy. I think that the tactics will stay somewhat the same with future conflicts there will just be a higher level of technology involved during every new conflict. It is important to adapt with technology because if it is not done then the enemy will most likely adapt and have a better advantage in future conflicts.

Lind, W. S. (2004, January 15). Understanding fourth generation warfare (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. Retrieved from http://www.antiwar.com/lind/?articleid=1702

(Links to an external site.)

Links to an external site.

write 4 journals on topics and thoughts that deal in one form or another with civic

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Please write 4 journals on topics and thoughts that deal in one form or another with civic engagement and civic professionalism issues. You could find the issues on news, newspaper, articles, and so on. Each journal entry must be a minimum of 5 sentences (a paragraph) in length (1-2 paragraphs is enough)and provide citations if applicable.

APA style thank you!!

State of the Art Report Health Risks in Aquifer Recharge Using Reclaimed Water.

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A lot of the links we were supposed to chose from weren’t working for me, so in this case, I just picked the first one that popped up that worked.

Women in certain parts of the world have a tough time when it comes to issues that arise involving their health. Gender norms tend to affect this as well. According to the World Health Organization (2014), some women have trouble getting to places such as health clinics as their culture does not allow for women to walk alone.  The case study I chose; State of the Art Report Health Risks in Aquifer Recharge Using Reclaimed Water is a list of health risks that comes with reclaiming and reusing water. “Viruses are the smallest infectious agents. They come in different shapes and vary in size from 0.01 to 0.3 m in diameter. Viruses consist of either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleicacid (RNA), surrounded by a layer of protein, which may in turn be surrounded by a lipid membrane.” Viruses and bacteria in some water can be small but can cause various health issues. If women were to be affected by such health issues, and their cultures become part of what keeps them from treatment, it puts them at the hand of nature in a sense.

The rise in climate change often produces warmer water and climates and within these conditions the risk of malaria rises in certain countries. Women are often more affected than men in these cases as they can often produce more body heat than men. “The study also found that the abdomen of pregnant women was on average 0.7 °C hotter than that of non-pregnant women and that there may be an increase in the release of volatile substances from the skin surface and a larger host signature that allows mosquitoes to detect them more readily at close range.” (World Health Organization, 2014). It’s interesting that a natural state for women becomes something that can have an affect on them in cases such as malaria. In third world countries, often times males are more valued than females, this means that they may become the ones who received things such as food and water along with medical care.

References:

Aertgeerts, R., & Angelakis, A. (2003). State of the Art Report Health Risks in Aquifer Recharge Using Reclaimed Water. Retrieved October 25, 2018.

World Health Organization (2014). Gender, Health, and Climate Change Retrieved from http://www.who.int/globalchange/GenderClimateChangeHealthfinal.pdf

Critique the process of policy argument and development.

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Assignment 1: Argument Mapping
Due Week 3 and worth 225 points

Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
(Note: Refer to Demonstration Exercise 3 located at the end of Chapter 1 for criteria 1-3.)

  1. Create an argument map based on the influence diagram presented in Case 1.3 and complete all the criteria provided in the demonstration exercise, beginning with this claim: “The U.S. should return to the 55- mph speed limit in order to conserve fuel and save lives.”
  2. Include in your map each of the following: warrants, backings, objections, and rebuttals.
  3. Assume that the original qualifier was certainly; indicate whether the qualifier changes as we move from a simple, static, uncontested argument to a complex, dynamic and contested argument.

(Note: Refer to Demonstration Exercise 3 located at the end of Chapter 8 for criterion 4.)

  1. Apply the argument mapping procedures presented in Chapter 8 to analyze the pros and cons (or strengths and weaknesses) of the recommendations that the U.S. should notintervene in the Balkans.
  2. Write a one (1) page analysis that uses critical thinking to assess the overall plausibility of the claim: “The conflict in Bosnia is somebody else’s trouble. The U.S. should not intervene militarily.”
  3. Complete an argument map to illustrate your analysis.
  4. Appropriately incorporate at least four (4) quality sources. A quality source can be either grey literature, such as a news article, or scholarly, such as peer reviewed works. In the case of public administration, government websites are appropriate quality resources. Note: Wikipedia, SparkNotes, and similar websites do not qualify as academic resources. Visit the Strayer University Library at http://research.strayer.edu to conduct research.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
  • Use Microsoft Word, Microsoft Draw, PowerPoint, or other graphics program to create the arguments maps for the assignment. Whichever program you use, the graphical maps must be integrated into the Word Document and labeled as a Figure with a number and title. The argument maps are part of the page length.

The course learning outcome associated with this assignment is:

  • Critique the process of policy argument and development.