Question

1) In Hilgard’s theory, the _______ remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis.

“hypnotized” part of the mind

brain stem

“hidden observer” part of the mind

conscious mind

2) The “hidden observer”:

remains aware of what is going on during hypnosis.

gives people superhuman strength under hypnosis.

guides people’s actions when they are hypnotized.

counters the effects of hypnosis.

3) Hypnosis is unable to do which of the following?

help people relax in situations that would normally cause them stress

create amnesia for whatever happens during the session

relieve pain

give people superhuman strength

4) Mariam takes 20 minutes daily to sit by herself and meditate. A fully meditative state is a form of:

waking consciousness.

convergent thinking.

non-REM sleep.

altered consciousness.

5) Freud used dreams as a way to get at patients’:

phobias.

susceptibility to psychoanalysis.

brain waves.

unconscious conflicts stemming from childhood.

6) In the ____________, dreams are less realistic because they come not from the outside world of reality but from within people’s memories and experiences.

restorative theory

adaptive theory

latent content theory

activation-synthesis hypothesis

7) The ________ of a dream is the actual dream itself.

latent content

manifest content

conflict

repression

8) ____________ works to change the way people think about the stresses in their lives and react to those stressors, working toward more effective coping without using drugs.

Contingency-management therapy

Cognitive-behavioral intervention

Classical conditioning

Counterconditioning

9) How many drinks would the average person have to consume to reach a blood alcohol level of approximately 0.15%?

3–5

6–7

8–10

10–12

10) Barbiturates are known as:

gateway drugs.

the major tranquilizers.

the minor tranquilizers.

hallucinogens.

11) Which of the following is NOT true about psychoactive drugs?

Some can cause users to develop a drug tolerance.

Many were originally developed to help people.

They alter thinking, perception, memory, or some combination of these abilities.

All of them produce physical dependence in users.

12) Methamphetamine is an example of a:

depressant.

narcotic.

hallucinogen.

stimulant.

13) Physical sensations, such as nausea or extreme pain, that occur when the body is trying to adjust to the absence of a drug are called:

Korsakoff’s syndrome.

tolerance.

the “crash.”

withdrawal.

14) Even in mild doses, marijuana negatively affects:

reaction time.

mood.

appetite.

the ability to sleep.

15) A person has entered N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4) sleep when delta waves account for ___ percent or more of brain wave activity.

20

5

90

75

16) A person with sleep apnea:

stops breathing for 10 seconds or more.

falls asleep without warning.

experiences a state of panic.

gets up and walks around while still sleeping.

17) The ________ is the internal clock that tells people when to wake up and when to fall asleep.

suprachiasmatic nucleus

pons

hippocampus

amygdala

18) Sleep apnea has been shown to cause:

REM behavior disorder.

narcolepsy.

heart problems.

SIDS.

19) A hypnic jerk is likely to occur during:

N2 (R&K Stage 2).

N1 (R&K Stage 1).

microsleeps.

REM sleep.

20) Predators such as lions sleep ________ their prey, the gazelle.

fewer hours per day than

more hours per day than

the same number of hours per day as

on the same schedule as

21) Which of the following is TRUE about night terrors?

They occur fairly equally in children and adults.

They are a state of panic experienced while asleep.

They happen during a light stage of sleep.

They are a common disorder.

22) Natural cycles of activity that bodies must go through are called:

states of consciousness.

hypnotic states.

biological rhythms.

microsleeps.

23) A sudden loss of muscle tone is called:

REM paralysis.

somnambulism.

narcolepsy.

cataplexy.

24) Theodora suffers from an inability to get to sleep and to stay asleep. Which of the following would help Theodora with her insomnia?

watching the clock so she knows how much sleep she is actually getting

spending some time in bed relaxing, reading or watching TV until she gets sleepy

trying various sleeping pills until she finds one that doesn’t cause REM rebound

going to bed and getting up on a regular schedule

25) The social-cognitive theory of hypnosis assumes that people who are hypnotized are:

only playing a role.

in a kind of dreamlike state.

in a fully altered state.

completely under the command of the hypnotist.

26) Melatonin supplements are often used to treat:

jet lag.

Korsakoff’s syndrome.

alcohol withdrawal.

night terrors.

27) Nightmares are more common in children than in adults because _____.

children suffer from lost sleep more often than adults

children spend more of their sleep in the REM state

children have more vivid imaginations than adults

growth hormones are released from the pituitary during non-REM sleep

28) Paul is a snorer who sometimes gasps for air while sleeping. Paul mostly likely suffers from:

narcolepsy.

sleep apnea.

insomnia.

somnambulism.

29) An example of a biological rhythm is:

dreaming.

a state of increased alertness.

the beat of the heart.

hunger.

30) Niles has begun to fall asleep suddenly during the day, sometimes in inappropriate places. Niles is most likely suffering from:

sleep apnea.

narcolepsy.

insomnia.

not enough melatonin.

 

 

Theories play a vitally important role in guiding research and organizing and making sense of research findings. In spite of the great importance of theory-building and theory testing within your field of specialization, there is no generally accepted conception of what a theory is. Because your dissertation must contribute to theory, you must have a clear understanding of the variety of conceptions of theory, types of theories, and ways of contributing to theory and be able to justify how, exactly, your study contributes to theory.

Part 1
Using Gelso (2006), Harlow (2009), Stam, H. (2007, 2010), Wacker (1999), and five additional peer-reviewed articles from your specialization, discuss scholarly views on the nature and types of theory. Compare and contrast at least three views of what constitutes a theory, including the view you will use in Part 3 of this question. Be sure to distinguish theory from related concepts, such as hypothesis, paradigm, model, and concept.

Part 2
Using Ellis & Levy (2008), Harlow, E. (2009), and five additional peer-reviewed articles, review the scholarly literature on the relationship between theory and research and the ways research (quantitative and qualitative) can contribute to theory. Discuss at least three ways research can contribute to theory.

Part 3
Pick a theory (in one of the views of what constitutes a theory that you identified in Part 1) of current interest directly related to the topic area of your dissertation. A theory is currently of interest if there are articles published on it in the past five years. Using at least 10 published, peer-reviewed research articles:

1. Explain how the theory adds or may add to our understanding of your field and/or research topic.

2. Discuss and analyze the literature on two areas of controversy or unanswered questions related to the theory.

The structure of your paper should be as follows:
Title page
Body (10-15 pages, no more or less; APA Style; use appropriate headings for organization of the paper)
References (APA Style)

Learning Outcomes:
1. Compose a theoretically sound and conceptually rich essay that demonstrates knowledge of fundamental subject areas of a student’s academic discipline and specialization.

 

Your dissertation research must contribute to theory. Your research and the theory to which it contributes may or may not have a practical benefit or application. There is no doubt, however, that there is a theory in your dissertation topic area that does have a practical application.

Part 1
Referencing at least five peer-reviewed journal articles or scholarly books, discuss views on the relationship between theory and application or practice. How can a theory guide or inform practice? What are the issues involved in translating theory into practice? Be sure to keep in mind the various conceptions of theory you discussed in Question 1.

Part 2
Referencing at least five peer-reviewed journal articles, fully describe a theory of current interest in your topic area. A theory is currently of interest if there are articles published on it in the past five years. This theory may or may not be the same as the one you examined in Question 1, Part 3. Describe a current view of the theory, not the founder’s view or a classic view. Your answer should be no more than three pages long.

Part 3
Identify at least five scholarly articles (published in the last 5 years) that address how the theory you discussed in Part 2 has actually been applied. (Draw on your response to Part 1 in order to define what you mean by an application of a theory to an actual problem or situation.) Critically evaluate the appropriateness of the uses to which the theory has been applied. Consider, for example: Are the applications premised upon an accurate understanding of the theory and its scope? Do the applications “go beyond” what the theory claims? Is the reasoning linking application and theory sound?

The structure of your paper should be as follows:
Title page
Body (10-15 pages, no more or less; APA Style; use appropriate headings for organization of the paper)
References (APA Style)

Learning Outcomes:
2. Critique existing research and design a methodologically sound approach to research in the student’s academic specialization(s).

 

The ability to read, understand, critique, and integrate research studies and to design a study to address a gap in the research literature is a vital tool for a doctoral student. As you write your dissertation, you may be reading hundreds of studies, many of which you will evaluate as part of a coherent literature review.

Select five empirical articles from peer-reviewed journals that:

• you consider critical to your understanding of your area of dissertation research

• all address a particular phenomenon and attempt to contribute to theory about it

 

Part 1
1. Describe each study, including:

• the research problem, questions, or hypotheses

• the research purpose

• type of design and elements of the design (e.g., sample, data analysis, operationalization of constructs)

• threats to validity and if and how they were addressed

• the findings and their implications

2. Critically evaluate each study: Does the author make a compelling case for the meaning and significance of the findings?

Part 2
Write a literature review that explains what is known and not known about the phenomenon based on a critical evaluation of the five studies.

Part 3
Develop a research question that addresses one of the unknowns you identified in Part 2 and sketch a quantitative or qualitative study that can answer the question about what is unknown and contribute to theory (in some sense of theory you discuss in Question 1).

Address:

• the research purpose

• type of design and elements of the design (e.g., sample, the type of data you need to collect and how you will collect it, data analysis)

• the strengths and weaknesses of your envisioned design and methods

• quantitative: threats to validity and how your design will address them

• quantitative: the constructs you will measure and what you will do in order to determine how to operationalize them (you need not identify specific measures)

• qualitative: your means of ensuring the quality of your findings

• justification for why your chosen design and methods are more appropriate for your research question than alternatives you have considered

• your methods of data analysis

• how the data you collect will enable you to answer your research question and contribute to theory

Draw on the additional resources for this course for guidance in understanding the concepts (e.g., internal validity, threats to validity, and operationalization) needed to address this question.

The structure of your paper should be as follows:

Title page

Body (10-15 pages, no more or less; APA Style; use appropriate headings for organization of the paper)

References (APA Style)

 

 

Learning Outcomes:
3. Apply relevant theory and research from the student’s specialization coursework to real life situations where he or she solves specific problems and discusses implications.

 

As you know, scientific research must be conducted in accordance with ethical principles. The ethical principles of research are defined in:

Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct
Standard 8: Research and Publication
http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx

The National Academy Of Sciences, National Academy Of Engineering, and Institute Of Medicine Of The National Academies have a more detailed and comprehensive set of ethical guidelines for scientific research:

Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.), National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), National Academy of Engineering., & Institute of Medicine (U.S.). (2009) On being a scientist: A guide to responsible conduct in research, (3rd ed.). Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.
http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12192

Write a paper in which you discuss how you will ensure that all aspects of your doctoral research, from literature review to conducting research, to writing the dissertation manuscript will be done with care and integrity and will meet the ethical standards of scientific research. Reference the two publications above and at least five additional peer-reviewed articles.

You must justify all the steps you will take to ensure the ethical integrity of your dissertation project and not simply describe standard practice. You must show that you have your own clear set of ethical principles and that you know how to apply them to your work. You must do more than just paraphrase ethical guidelines. You must explain specifically how you will apply published ethical guidelines and concepts to what you will do in your research (as you envision it at this point).

Be sure to address the following:

• Plagiarism

• Risk assessment

• Informed consent

• Privacy and confidentiality

• Data handling and reporting

• Mistakes and negligence

• Working with a Mentor

• Northcentral University requirements for IRB approval

Conclude your paper with your thoughts on the following statement:

Ethical scientific researchers have a commitment to all who are touched by their research—participants who share their lives and time, mentors and advisors, reviewers, future readers, and supporters and cheerleaders on the journey—to take care and do their work well.

The structure of your paper should be as follows:

Title page

Body (10-15 pages, no more or less; APA Style; use appropriate headings for organization of the paper)

References (APA Style)

 

 

Learning Outcomes:
4. Integrate knowledge of ethical practices with principles of professional practice as it applies to specific scenarios within the student’s academic discipline and specialization.