The total return on bond equivalent basis

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Suppose that an investor has 8 years investment horizon. The investor is considering a 20-year semi-annual coupon bond selling at par and having a coupon rate of 10%. The investor expectations are as follows:
The first 6 semi-annual coupon payments can be reinvested from the time of receipt to the end of the investment horizon at an annual interest rate of 7%.
The remaining semi-annual coupon payments can be reinvested from the time of receipt to the end of the investment horizon at a 11% annual interest rate.
Investor believes that the required return on a 12-year bond of this quality at the end of the investment horizon will be 12%.
(a) Calculate the total return on bond equivalent basis?
(b) What is the total return on effective rate basis?
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Annualized return

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Suppose a portfolio manager is considering the purchase of a bond, a 12-year, 8% non-callable bond selling at $1050 per $1000 of par value. Assume also that the portfolio manager’s investment horizon is 5 years. The portfolio manager believes the reinvestment rate range can vary from 3% to 6% and the discount rate at the end of the investment horizon from 4% to 6%. Use 50 bps grids to compute the various return scenarios. Identify all the scenarios that generate less than 4% annualized return.
 
 
 
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Total return of the bond on the assumption

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An investor is considering buying a bond from Company HelloWorld. The bond pays 12% semi-annual coupon, it has 15 years to maturity and the current price of this bond is $1,150. This bond is callable at the end of year 5 (the first and only call date). The call price of the bond is $1,120. What is the RTC for this bond?
Suppose our investor’s investment horizon is only 7 years (a period extending beyond the first call date, but shorter than the maturity of the bond). Also
assume that this investor believes that she can invest all proceeds @ 9%.
(a) Compute the total return of the bond on the assumption that the bond is called in 5 years.
(b) Compute the total return of the bond on the assumption that the bond is not called and lives until maturity.
 
 
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CULTURE, DIVERSITY, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH

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From your own clinical nursing experiences, you recognize that despite technological and biological advances in health care, progress has been slow in addressing social determinants of health (SDOH). These factors include socioeconomic status, environment (including air and water quality), food insecurity and food safety, education, employment, social networks, homelessness, and racism. In your essay, identify healthcare barriers for vulnerable populations, as discussed by authors Batt & Bathija (2018). In your work with diverse cultures and vulnerable populations, what social determinants of health (SDH) do you recognize? What strategies would you create (or have created) to meet the difficulties that issues such as food insecurity, cultural and racial inequities, language barriers present to you daily? In designing a strategic plan, incorporate other authors’ findings related to ethical principles of global health (McDermott-Levy, et al.,2018; Pronk, et al.,2021).
 
 
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